On August 15, 1945, Japan announced an unconditional surrender. In order to seize the opportunity, Chiang Kai -shek invited Chairman Mao to negotiate three times. Chairman Mao knew that this was Chiang Kai -shek's conspiracy, but in order to win the final peace, he decided to go to Chongqing to negotiate .
was just before Chairman Mao went to Chongqing to negotiate, but he issued an unique command. Chen Yi , Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, Lin Biao and other more than 20 important leaders flew to the distance in an American aircraft. This seemingly ordinary flight is a strategic air transport that is related to the future and fate of my country.
So what's going on? What are the unbelievable orders issued by Chairman Mao? Where are these more than 20 leaders be sent to?
Chairman Mao Mao and Chiang Kai -shek
Mao Mao decided to go to Chongqing to negotiate
on August 14, 20, and 23, 1945, Chiang Kai -shek invited Chairman Mao to negotiate in Chongqing. In the world's perspective, this is an indispensable mood of Chiang Kai -shek to discuss with Chairman Mao; but in Chiang Kai -shek's view, this is his best trick.
Although the time of the victory of 's victory, Chiang Kai -shek's Civil War cannot be changed, but he also understands that it is not enough to fight the civil war immediately. The Chinese people who are suffering from war are eager to peace and resolutely oppose the civil war. If Chiang Kai -shek launched a civil war at this time, it will fall into passive politics. Starting from their respective interests, they do not agree with China's large -scale civil war;
third is that for Chiang Kai -shek, the greater difficulty is that his elite troops are still in the southwest and northwest. It takes time. In this case,
was in this case that Chiang Kai -shek issued three consecutive telegrams to Yan'an in just 10 days, inviting Chairman Mao to discuss various problems encountered in Chongqing. In fact, Chiang Kai -shek did not really want to realize domestic peace through negotiations, in his opinion, it was just his strategy. First of all, the
first, Chiang Kai -shek's decision of Chairman Mao will not come to Chongqing for his own safety. In this way, he can push the crime of "the Communist Party's refusal to negotiate and deliberately launch the civil war" to our party.
is second. If Chairman Mao comes to Chongqing to negotiate, he will give several cabinet positions in the Communist Party, seduce our party to hand over the army and the PLA, and then "eliminate" our army. At the end of
, Chiang Kai -shek could fight for the deployment of the civil war through negotiations, especially the time to transfer soldiers.
is very clear about Chiang Kai -shek's robbing fruit of the anti -Japanese victory and actively preparing for the civil war. His policy is "tattoo is opposite, and the soil must fight." In the minds of Chairman Mao, the people of the people who sacrificed the sacrifice of bleeding and the fruits of the victory of the Anti -Japanese War. The rights they won by the people must not be easily lost. They must be defended through resolute fighting. After receiving the first and second telegrams of Chiang Kai -shek,
, on August 23, Chairman Mao presided over the expansion of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and made a long speech at the meeting: "Comrade Enlai first negotiates, let me slow down, let's take a closer look at it again. ... "In addition to that, Chairman Mao also analyzed:" Chiang Kai -shek's status has both advantages and disadvantages. It is unobstructed; and there is also a contradiction within the Kuomintang. Although , although he knows that this negotiations are likely to be left, because the banner of "peace, democracy, and unity" on behalf of the people on behalf of the people, the Communist Party must make a certain amount of concession.
If in this case, Chiang Kai -shek will launch a civil war, he will lose reason throughout the country and even before the world. Our party also has reason to adopt a self -defense war to break through their attack.Therefore, on August 26, Chairman Mao clearly stated on the development of Chongqing according to the current development: "You can go, you must go, so that you can get all the initiative!"
also said, "Because of us The strength of the people, the hearts of the country, Chiang Kai -shek's own difficulties, and the four conditions of foreign interference. This time, it can solve some problems.
Chairman Mao was going to negotiate in Chongqing, which also caused a huge response in the society. " Xinhua Daily " published a letter from the four people including Hu Qirui:
"Mr. Mao Zedong was resolutely came to Chongqing at the invitation of Chairman Jiang. Chongqing also proves the sincerity and determination of the CCP for peace, unity and democracy, which also reflects and represents the requirements of our people! It is a very wise decision to go to Chongqing to participate in the negotiations in person. Zi''3
If Chairman Mao did not go to Chongqing, the people did not understand this situation, and the Kuomintang would push all the responsibilities of ‘do n’t peace’. This has inspired the spirit of the people's power of the Guo Tong District, and also strived for the people's hearts. Accompanied by Zhou Enlai, Wang Ruofei, and Zhang Zhi, they arrived in Chongqing into intense negotiations.
But before Chairman Mao went to Chongqing, he also made full preparations and issued a top -secret order to transport Chen Yi, Deng Xiaoping and 20 leaders to other places. So what is the matter?
Chairman Mao Mao issued a tightly command
Japanese announced that there was no predator to surrender, whether it was for the Communist Party or the Kuomintang. Therefore, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party found that they have not yet made full preparations to welcome this historical mutation. It is necessary to take a series of emergency measures to receive the fruit of victory and cope with the followers that follow. At that time,
, although our party strengthened the military preparation of the civil war, it also believed that if the Kuomintang's idea of "launching a civil war" and implementing democratic reforms through peaceful negotiations can be in line with the fundamental interests of the Chinese people, they should strive to strive Essence For this consideration, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Chairman Mao decided to negotiate with the Kuomintang. At the same time, Chairman Mao also considered that the negotiations were very difficult. The process of negotiations will also have a process of discussion, and only when Chiang Kai -shek hurts condition.
But now Chairman Mao encountered a difficulty, that is, the preparation of our army in the "fight" aspect is obviously a bit insufficient. Among them, the most rest assured of the chairman was that at the time, the seven of the Communist Party of China was held, and the anti -Japanese base areas were held. The main leaders gathered Yan'an , and they had no time to return to their respective residents.
Therefore, if our army wants to quickly complete the transition from a decentralized guerrilla to the military campaign operation, achieve expanding the liberation area and hit the Kuomintang group's offense. At present, the most critical and urgent one is to send the generals of Yan'an to the front line at the fastest speed.
but Yan'an did not have a modern transportation at that time. From Yan'an to Taihang Mountain headquarters nearly 800 kilometers. If you walk forward, you need to pass the Yellow River days, Loess Plateau , and the gully in Jinnan Mountain, and you will also adventure through the blockade of the enemy occupied district.
, for example, General Yang Dezhi rushed from Puyang, Henan to Yan'an, and walked for more than 70 days; and Jianghua rushed from Shandong Binhai to Yan'an, which took more than half a year.If is still rushing back to the front line in this way, then the speed will be greatly lagging behind the speed of the Kuomintang army, and our army will also lose its initiative in the battlefield.
In order to be able to quickly and safely transport these senior generals in Yan'an to the front line, Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai found Ye Jianying and Yang Shangkun who were responsible for the work of central foreign affairs. But no matter how you discuss it, you still can't think of any feasible way.
left from Chairman Mao's residence, Ye Jianying and Yang Shangkun continued to study countermeasures. At this time, Ye Jianying suddenly proposed a bold idea: "Do you say we can borrow the aircraft of the US military observation group to transport our senior generals from Yan'an? Of course, this method will have certain risks."
Yang Shangkun was silent for a while, and then said, "Chief of Staff, although this method is risky, but now, there is only such a method. What an accident, how much pressure and responsibility do we have to bear it! After listening to the reports of Ye Jianying and Yang Shangkun,
also thought that this method was feasible, but for the sake of caution, the chairman also shouted Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Ren Bishi and others to discuss again.
weighs from all aspects, and finally agrees with this plan. Now that the plan is determined, who should come up with the U.S. military observation group in Yan'an? Chairman Mao said: "Comrade Ye Jianying has a relationship with them, and the relationship is still very good. This task is given to Comrade Jianying."
turned out to be that the US President Roosevelt decided to send a military and political observation group to the United States. Yan'an and other anti -Japanese bases collect Japanese information to strengthen the connection with the Communist Party. On July 22 and August 7 of that year, the U.S. Observation Team was divided into two batches to reach Yan'an. At that time, it was Ye Jianying who was responsible for receiving them.
was so when Chairman Mao gave this task to Ye Jianying, he nodded quickly and accepted the task.
U.S. Military Inspection Group
had another "passenger"
before the day in mid -August 1945, the Central Foreign Affairs Group and the United States Observation Group held an active and harmonious party in Yan'an. During the rest period, Ye Jianying mentioned the incident with the person in charge of the U.S. Observation Group.
Ye Jianying said: "We have a group of commanders who have returned to Yan'an from the front line before, and now they are anxious to return to the foothills of Taihang Mountain to participate in the last battle of the match. But we face a problem. In a hurry, I do n’t know if we can borrow your planes to send us the guidelines to the front line? What made Ye Jianying did not expect that the person in charge of the U.S. Observation Group did not report to his superiors and agreed on the spot. Perhaps in their opinion, this flight is just an episode for long -term happy cooperation between the two parties.
In fact, the U.S. military refreshing agreed to have two reasons:
First, Eighth Route Army and the U.S. Observation Group have long -term friendly cooperation, and Yan'an also provides many conveniences for this cooperation. The soldiers and civilians of the Taihang Base, especially the people of Licheng, and Pingshun, once fully rescued the casualties of the U.S. military planes, which also left a deep impression on the U.S. Observation Team.
was second. At the end of 1944, the Eighth Route Army's Taihang Military Command was in , Jin Ning, , , has built a proposed airfield to receive members of the U.S. Observation Team used to collect the Anti -Japanese War intelligence and transfer the US military personnel who have been rescued by the military and civilians in the anti -Japanese base. The most important thing is that U.S. aircraft have previously traveled to Changning and Yan'an many times, so they are also familiar with this road.
So when Ye Jianying proposed to borrow an American aircraft, the U.S. Women's Observation Team agreed without hesitation.The aircraft provided by the
U.S. military is a Douglas transport aircraft, with relatively short cabin door, and due to long -term use, the cabin door has not been closed. The aircraft has two propeller . When taking off, it is necessary to push the engine to start the engine. The seat in the
cabin is a humble iron shelf, and people can't stand on it. Nevertheless, this aircraft was still the safest at the time, because it could land in a relatively simple venue at any time, even a relatively large land ...
The safety of 20 leaders such as Deng Xiaoping and Lin Biao, so the Party Central Committee has taken many preventive measures.
HTML On the evening of August 24th, the central government notified the relevant personnel to rush to Yan'an Dongguan Airport the next morning. It only needs one person, not allowed to bring staff and guards, or others to see off. In addition, the central government also asked Ye Jianying and Yang Shangkun to go to the airport to check and organize registration. Everyone who took the opportunity to bring parachute to prepare from time to time. After's most difficult aircraft problem was resolved, the largest air -coach in the history of the Communist Party of China opened the curtain.
HTML On August 25th, Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, Lin Biao, Chen Yi, Bo Yibo, Teng Daiyuan, Chen Jinguang, Yang Dezhi , who were notified in advance, came to Yan'an Dongguan Airport in Yan'an. Because these generals did not have the plane before, everyone's face appeared excited. Anyone who is familiar with the history of the Communist Party of China in
will know that these people are not an ordinary cadre, but the coach of our party's major strategic zones at the time and a group of senior generals who are good at fighting. can gather so many senior party and government leaders and military commanders on an ordinary aircraft, which is definitely the first time in the history of the Chinese Communist Party.
shows the urgency of the task at the time, and on the other hand, it also shows the extraordinary courage of our party.
Ye Jianying and Yang Shangkun shook hands with General Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping on the airport and said goodbye to the generals, repeatedly saying "must be safe all the way" in his mouth! Before boarding, everyone took a group photo in front of the plane. After taking the photo, Chen Yi said humorously: "If you fall to death, we will use this photo to hold a memorial service!"
initially decided to let the 20 leaders fly to the front line, but when boarding the plane, when boarding the plane, But there is one more person, so what is going on? Who is that person?
Huanghua
The original person was the secretary of Commander Zhu De, Huang Hua . He was shocked after seeing who was going to a total of US military planes. So he quickly found Ye Jianying, who was responsible for boarding the plane, said, "Chief of Staff Ye, let me go with the chief commander."
Ye Jianying said: "No, you have to listen to the organization's arrangements!" See Ye Jianying refused to loosen, Huang Hua Earthly said: "I am worried that in case of emergency situations during the flight, these generals do not understand English, and they will not be able to communicate with pilots at that time. "
Ye Jianying thought about it," Your suggestion is good, but you agree with you. He said, "It's okay, I'm not afraid!" This is the 21st passenger in
. Huang Hua became the 21st passenger of the US military aircraft. He followed Zhu De and other leaders to the front line.
learned that Chairman Mao's decision was learned, and Chiang Kai -shek yelled: Oh
around 9 am, as the propeller rotates, the aircraft started to glide on the uneven runway of Dongguan Airport. take off. During the flight, the atmosphere on the plane was relatively heavy. Everyone rarely talked, and everyone lowered their heads and thought about their minds.
is indeed indeed. Everyone knows that the responsibility and the task faced on this trip will be unusual difficulty.Compared with the atmosphere on the plane, the Yan'an Commander Department is full of tension and worry. Everyone knows what it means to cause the party in case of the cause of this aircraft.
aircraft flying for an hour after flying, everyone obviously felt that the plane suddenly increased. They did not know what was going on, so Huang Hua, who could speak English, went earlier. Huang Hua walked into the cockpit and talked with the driver after a few words: "It's okay, don't panic. Just now the plane passes and , , because there may be Japanese troops in this area. Improved the height of the flight. ""
was shocked, and the plane flew again for about four hours, and finally arrived at the destination. Because Chang Ning Airport was too rude, the U.S. pilot spent nearly half an hour to land safely. It was also at this time that the stones hanging in Huang Hua were completely let go. The news of the safe arrival of
aircraft was quickly passed to the Yan'an Communist Party through radio wave . At this time, Ye Jianying, who was anxiously waiting for Commander , was relieved, and then reported this good news to Chairman Mao who was also anxious. After listening to Ye Jianying's report, Chairman Mao showed a gratifying smile on his face. The peaceful arrival of the
aircraft has successfully made the CPC Central Committee's risk chess for most of them. After the generals who arrived at the airport had rest for a while, they rushed to their respective theater.
is like this. The U.S. observation team's unwilling to fly at a time, so that our party has completed a strategic transportation task that can only be completed for about two months. And this step is also greatly beneficial to the next battle of our army.
is located in the Jin, Hebei -Luyu base, which is in the North China strategy. It is the gateway to the Kuomintang's entrance to the north. Focus.
and the transportation of the U.S. military almost brought a complete commander in this strategic area of our party. commander Liu Bocheng, political commissar Deng Xiaoping, deputy secretary and deputy political commissar Bo Yibo, deputy commander Teng Daiyuan, etc., was equal to flying to Licheng on August 25. Two days later, he kept feeling that the Hebei County Command was held in Hebei. Pinghan's two battle plans. Subsequently,
, Liu Bocheng and others immediately arranged for the four field war teams in the dispersed guerrilla state. Yang Dezhi, Chen Zaidao, Chen Xilian, and Chen Yan respectively served as commanders of each column. After 's generals at all levels were in place, after a period of preparation, the Battle of Shangdang and Pinghan was launched in early and mid -October. After some fierce battles, finally achieved a major victory, and our army wiped out 60,000 Kuomintang.
was transported to another group of generals ahead, and in the major strategy of implementing the CPC Central Committee's "full efforts to fight for the Northeast", it also played a striking role. Lin Biao, Xiao Jinguang, Deng Hua and others have served as the coach and main general of the CCP's Northeast Strategy Zone.
Lin Biao and others arrived in the Northeast in late October. With the changes in the current situation, the party's strategic policy in the Northeast was cleverly adjusted. In order to win the victory of the war, the establishment of a consolidated northeast base was very important. In addition,
, in addition to this, Chen Yi, commander of the East China Strategy Zone, and Song Shizhuan and others, organized a complete destruction of the Jinpu Railway on the way to Shandong, so that the Kuomintang could not use this railway to give full play to their advantages to fully use their advantages Essence The most important thing for
is that after arriving in East China, Chen Yi also coordinated the two uniform troops of East China and the New Fourth Army. cooperated with the battle in October to November and conducted Jinpu Road to block . The Kuomintang pace along this railway to East China and Northeast China.
was very worthwhile to take such a danger when the time was urgent at that time. But this rare bold move also fully proves the wisdom and extraordinary courage of Chairman Mao at critical moments. This is no wonder that when Chiang Kai -shek saw the list of senior CCP generals sent by the spy reporters, he would yell "Oh"! Later,
, Ye Jianying and Yang Shangkun borrowed the US machines to send Nie Rongzhen, Xiao Ke, Luo Ruiqing and other senior generals and Zhang Wentian, Li Fuchun and other party and government members to Shanxi and Northeast. Subsequently, they quickly took action to make up the main force to more than 200,000 columns, compiled 110,000 local troops into 5 military regions, and sent more than 10,000 people to reach the northeast, which effectively implemented the strategic decision -making of the Party Central Committee. And deployment.
