Li Zhilong Statue
Hello everyone, I am Lantai.
Today Lantai would like to introduce to you a very famous figure in modern history, Li Zhilong.
Lantai will give you a rundown of his past resume:
He was one of the early members of the Communist Party of China, and Premier Zhou was his teacher and guide; Dong Biwu, later Vice Chairman of the Republic and one of the party and state leaders, was his Party introducer.
He was also the first young officer in Huangpu Military Academy to become a "lieutenant general", and he was still a member of the Communist Party of China at that time;
At the same time, he was also Chiang Kai-shek 's backer The starting point of the rebel revolution, the victim of the " Zhongshan Ship Incident", was later revoked by Zhang Guotao as a member of the Communist Party of China;
he persisted in opposing Chiang Kai-shek throughout his life, and was eventually killed because he mobilized the Kuomintang navy to fight against Chiang.
Let’s take a look at his resume. Isn’t it brilliant?
However, in 1951, Li Zhilong's family applied to the government, hoping that Li Zhilong could be named a "revolutionary martyr". However, this request was explicitly rejected by his teacher at the time, Premier Zhou. Premier Zhou also clearly instructed in the report that Li Zhilong's Therefore, his murder was caused by internal conflicts within the Kuomintang. He cannot be counted as a revolutionary martyr, and his family members cannot enjoy the treatment of the family members of revolutionary martyrs.
Why is this?
This is purely caused by Li Zhilong's own problems.
Next, Lantai will introduce to you Li Zhilong’s life.
Introduction to Li Zhilong
01,
In 1897, Li Zhilong was born in Mianyang, Hubei Province. Although his family was not considered rich A wealthy family, but it can be regarded as a small landowner family; Li Zhilong's father took Li Zhilong to elementary school in the provincial capital Wuchang when Li Zhilong was 7 years old. You must know that the fees for new elementary schools at that time were much more expensive than traditional private schools. Those who send their children to new-style primary schools are at least rich farmers.
Li Zhilong, like many influential figures in the Republic of China, has been an "academic master" since he was a child, and his grades have always been the first in the school. In 1912, 15-year-old Li Zhilong was admitted to the English class of Wuhan Foreign Languages College; he did not study for long, because Yuan Shikai usurped Revolution of 1911 h The fruit of tml4, Dr. Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing launched the "Second Revolution". Li Zhilong, who was only 16 years old at the time, ran across his uncle Li Guoliang to participate in the "Hukou Uprising" launched by Li Liejun. After the uprising failed, Li Zhilong He was also forced to leave Wuhan Foreign Languages College because of the "autumn harvest settlement".
In 1916, 19-year-old Li Zhilong entered the Naval Academy in Yantai, China. While studying at the Naval Academy, he was exposed to a large number of progressive ideas and books, which laid the foundation for him to later join the Communist Party of China.
At that time, the Navy of the Republic of China was completely controlled by the Fujian people. After graduating from the Military Academy, Li Zhilong could not work in the Navy because he was not from Fujian. At this time (1921), he met the early leaders of the Communist Party of China, Dong Biwu, Chen Tanqiu and others, and they had already Li Zhilong, who had revolutionary ideas, subsequently joined the CCP.
Later he also participated in the famous "February 7th" general strike movement. Because he was a key member, he was wanted by Beiyang warlordWu Peifu.
After the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began, Li Zhilong first went to Guangzhou and became the military adviser to the then National Government . The English translator of the Soviet Borodin ; today everyone may be unfamiliar with Borodin, but After Sun Yat-sen's death, Chiang Kai-shek publicly stated, "Although Mr. Sun Yat-sen has passed away, we still have Advisor Borodin leading us."
It can be seen how high Borodin's status was in the Kuomintang at that time, and Li Zhilong was working for him. Translator and secretary.
In April 1924, Li Zhilong was admitted to the Whampoa Military Academy with excellent results; later he was also successfully elected as an executive committee member among the members of the first executive committee of the Whampoa Military Academy.
It can be seen from Li Zhilong’s experience that he is different from many students who applied to the Whampoa Military Academy based on their enthusiasm. He is proficient in English, has attended a military academy, organized a labor movement, was wanted by Wu Peifu, and was involved in many of his classmates. When he didn't know what the "Three People's Principles" were, he worked as secretary to the General Counsel of the National Government for half a year.
This quickly made him stand out among the students of Huangpu Military Academy, and to be honest, Li Zhilong's resume and experience are enough to be a teacher in Huangpu Military Academy.
Also because of his good personal relationship with Borodin, he quickly became the target of various factions of the Kuomintang. In order to win over Li Zhilong, Chiang Kai-shek took the initiative to promote Li Zhilong to major general after the first expedition.
As a political opponent of Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Jingwei also quickly extended an olive branch to Li Zhilong. First, he appointed him as the deputy director of the Navy Bureau of the National Government. Later, after the Soviet adviser of the Navy Bureau was transferred back to China, he directly appointed Li Zhilong as the director of the Navy Bureau. At the same time, Li Zhilong also served as the captain of the "Zhongshan Ship", the largest tonnage warship owned by the Kuomintang at the time.
During this period, Li Zhilong was extremely prosperous.
Zhongshan Ship
02,
However, what Li Zhilong did not expect was that his "spring" would soon be over, and he would be greeted by a complete cold winter.
The reason why Li Zhilong was framed by Chiang Kai-shek for the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" seemed to be due to Chiang Kai-shek's hysteria. In fact, after Sun Yat-sen's death, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei were competing for the support of Borodin and the Soviet Union behind Borodin.
That's why Chiang Kai-shek publicly stated after Sun Yat-sen's death, "Although Mr. Sun Yat-sen has passed away, we still have Advisor Borodin leading us."
During this period, Li Zhilong himself seemed a bit "floating" due to Wang Jingwei's wooing, and he had relatively few contacts with comrades in the party, which meant that he was unknowingly involved in the internal fight between Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei.
Compared with the indecisive Wang Jingwei, Chiang Kai-shek was more "gambling"; The "Zhongshan Ship" incident was a "gamble" by Chiang Kai-shek. He was betting on the overall situation of the Northern Expedition. The CCP and the Soviet Union would support him as the commander of the Kuomintang army. It's him, not Wang Jingwei.
Facts have proved that Chiang Kai-shek won the bet.
In fact, the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" was completely framed by Chiang Kai-shek. At that time, Li Zhilong received the order instructing the Zhongshan Ship to sail to Huangpu Pier; but Chiang Kai-shek denied that he had ever ordered the ship to be transferred. At this time, rumors spread that Soviet advisers wanted to kidnap Chiang Kai-shek and go to the Soviet Union.
Chiang Kai-shek immediately implemented emergency martial law in Guangzhou, arrested Li Zhilong, monitored and placed a large number of communists under house arrest, disarmed the workers' pickets of the provincial and Hong Kong strike committees, surrounded the Soviet consulate, and monitored Soviet advisers.
This is the "Zhongshan Ship" incident.
When the "Zhongshan Ship" incident occurred, the person in charge of handling the matter on the CCP side was Zhang Guotao. He pronounced Li Zhilong's "death penalty" in one sentence: Li Zhilong is a lawless leader and an impure within the party. molecular. Why did he command the Zhongshan ship to Huangpu ? And why did it offend so many high-level people within the Kuomintang? These issues must be investigated as soon as possible and must not be tolerated or condoned!
After the "Zhongshan Ship" incident, Chiang Kai-shek, who had won a great victory, did not make it difficult for Li Zhilong because he knew that Li Zhilong was indeed wronged by him.
However, Li Zhilong, who was let go by Chiang Kai-shek, had been relieved of all his duties at this time. He could only serve as a propaganda committee member of the Political Department during the Northern Expedition.
However, during this period of time, Li Zhilong made a fatal mistake. If Li Zhilong knew better, he would probably regret it.What is the error in
?
Zhang Guotao
As mentioned earlier, when Li Zhilong was still in custody, Zhang Guotao politically sentenced Li Zhilong to " death penalty ". Although he did not explicitly say that Li Zhilong was to be fired, Zhang Guotao made it look like he was going to be fired from the beginning.
Li Zhilong, who had a smooth journey before, also learned the content of Zhang Guotao's speech through other party comrades when he was under house arrest. The young and energetic Li Zhilong felt that he was wronged enough by being wrongly accused by Chiang Kai-shek, but in the end, his own comrades said this, In anger, Li Zhilong publicly published a statement on quitting the party titled "Li Zhilong's Revelation" in a Guangzhou newspaper on May 18, 1926.
You must know that the handling of the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" had not yet been completely completed at that time. Li Zhilong was a member of the Communist Party of China who held an important position in the Kuomintang army. His statement of quitting the party had a very bad impact at the time.
And After the failure of the first KMT-CCP cooperation , Li Zhilong, who had withdrawn from the CCP at that time, still insisted on opposing Chiang. He used his status as a navy worker to attempt to plan a secret uprising on Zhongshan, Baobi and other warships in Shanghai; and Li Zhilong, these The action was also discovered by Chiang Kai-shek, and Li Zhilong had to go into exile in Japan.
In February 1928, Li Zhilong decided to return to China to engage in naval rebellion work. However, what he did not expect was that as soon as he got off the ship from Hong Kong, he was targeted by the spies deployed by Chiang Kai-shek for a long time. That night, Li Zhilong was caught by Kuomintang agents.
Chiang Kai-shek did not want to kill Li Zhilong directly at first. The order he gave was to escort Li Zhilong to Nanjing to await disposal. However, Chen Ce, then commander of the Navy's Fourth Fleet, was afraid that Li Zhilong might be retaliated against if he was reused, so he was executed in Huanghuagang on February 8 on the charge of "inciting rebellion against the navy."
Before his execution, Li Zhilong wrote a letter home to his wife: "My revolutionary road has come to an end. Please don't be sad. You must raise your child and let him inherit my unfinished business."
Bronze Statue of Li Zhilong
03,
Time flies. After the founding of New China in 1949, Li Zhilong’s widow Pan Huiqin and son Li Guangci officially submitted a report to the Wuhan government, hoping that New China could recognize Comrade Li Zhilong as a martyr.
At that time, the relevant departments stated that whether Li Zhilong was a martyr or a traitor could only be concluded after investigation.
As mentioned before, Li Zhilong once publicly published a statement to withdraw from the party, and it caused a great negative impact that year.
Therefore, in September 1952, a clear answer was given according to the instructions of Premier Zhou: "After investigation, after being arrested, Li Zhilong published a letter of repentance for leaving our party in a written newspaper of the Kuomintang and was shot in Guangzhou. It was true. Kuomintang Due to internal conflicts, Comrade Li Zhilong cannot be awarded the title of martyr, and his family members cannot enjoy the treatment of martyrs."
The above is the entire process of how Li Zhilong was not recognized as a revolutionary martyr after the founding of the People's Republic of China despite his death for opposing Chiang Kai-shek.
If you have anything you want to discuss, please leave a message in the comment area.
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