I'm not born to compete, but I am lazy to build a golden platform.
The top scholars and hundreds of officials are like dogs, always looking for materials under the knife.
——Zhang Xianzhong "Seven Killing Poems"
In troubled times, there will be a hero! Zhang Xianzhong can be described as a generation of heroes in the peasant uprising army in the late Ming and early Qing!
In the third year of Chongzhen (1630) Zhang Xianzhong gathered in his hometown of Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, where farmers from the Bazhai villages rebelled, and gave himself the title of "八大王" . Because of Zhang Xianzhong's slender figure, Its cheeks are like tigers, so it is called "黄虎" .
张 Xianzhong
He led a large army in Shaanxi and Sichuan to contend with the Ming army. sometimes accepts recruitment and resignation, and sometimes rebels and revolts.
In 1640, Zhang Xianzhong led his peasant army to invade Sichuan and fight the Ming army. After four years of conquests from the east to the west, he finally occupied the whole area of Sichuan. Four years later, he became the emperor and established Daxi The regime has experienced an emperor addiction.
During the occupation of Sichuan, Zhang Xianzhong did a lot of evil, made enemies on all sides, and allowed soldiers to burn, kill and loot everywhere, resulting in a drastic decrease in the population of Sichuan during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
After the Qing army invaded Sichuan, Zhang Xianzhong was defeated and died, so how did he die?
When Zhang Xianzhong was a child, he followed his father to Neijiang, Sichuan, where he sold dates. An incident in Sichuan affected Zhang Xianzhong's life.
At that time, Zhang Xianzhong was very young and tied the rein of the donkey to a stone pillar of a rich man's house. Unexpectedly, the donkey's excrement soiled the stone pillar.
As a result, the servant of the rich man lashed Zhang Xianzhong's father with a whip. Zhang Xianzhong was watching him. His eyes were full of tears and his fists were clenched, but he dared not say anything. This incident was to his young mind The blow is very big.
After growing up, Zhang Xianzhong joined the peasant uprising army and gradually climbed to the leadership position. Under the leadership of Zhang Xianzhong, has an increasing number of troops.
In the first month of the first year of Shunzhi, Zhang Xianzhong invaded Sichuan; in June, he captured Chongqing; in August, he captured Chengdu; he successively killed the King of Duan and the King of Shu of the Ming Dynasty.
Route map of Zhang Xianzhong's entry into Sichuan
On October 16, Zhang Xianzhong became emperor in Chengdu, with the country name Daxi, the year name Dashun , and the Shu Wangfu was changed to Chengtian Temple , It is expected that the adopted children will be promoted to the position equivalent to the prime minister.
Within the Daxi regime, Sun Kewang's position was second only to Zhang Xianzhong, which paved the way for the later conflicts between Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo.
Li Dingguo's ability is stronger than Sun Kewang, but his status is not as high as Sun Kewang. In the end, his power was higher than his superior . Sun Kewang took the initiative to attack Li Dingguo. After the defeat, Sun Kewang took the initiative to surrender to the Qing Dynasty.
Li Dingguo did not accept the Qing court's surrender until his death. Before Zhang Xianzhong was alive, Li Dingguo was the third person in the Daxi regime.
Zhang Xianzhong ordered Sun Kewang as General Pingdong, Li Dingguo as General Anxi, Liu Wenxiu as General Funan, Ainengqi as General Dingbei, Zhang Xianzhong gave the four generals the surname Zhang, and they were named kings respectively.
Zhang Xianzhong first used the anti-Ming banner, so he was resisted by the Ming forces in Sichuan. Zhang Xianzhong is used to adopting a high-pressure policy for disobedient people.
Zhang Xianzhong and Sichuan became emperor
After Shunzhi two years ago, Zhang Xianzhong's situation in Sichuan became more and more difficult. On the one hand, it was the Qing army. Pressure, one side is fourThe resistance of the Sichuan people.
This situation caused Zhang Xianzhong to become anxious. In order to eliminate all opposition forces, Zhang Xianzhong obeyed Wang Zhaolin's suggestion and carried out a massacre on Chengdu residents.
From July 13th to 18th of the second year of Shunzhi, Zhang Xianzhong personally commanded the troops to carry out a massacre in Chengdu, killing the men first, and then forcing the women to jump into the river.
At that time, countless people committed suicide. According to records, no fewer than four to five million people were killed.
Not long after the Chengdu Massacre, Zhang Xianzhong's murderous aspiration revived. By holding "特科" , he ordered all the students from all counties to Chengdu. After
was sent to Chengdu, Zhang Xianzhong did not hold any special courses, but gathered all these scholars together for a mass massacre.
Zhang Xianzhong
At that time, Zhang Xianzhong’s adopted children were expected to see this scene and said with emotion:
"We have been working hard all these years What is it for? Isn’t it just for the people? I didn’t expect all this to be in vain. It’s a shame. Father did this, it’s really incomprehensible. Father should be the leader of the people, like the head of the body, now Cut off the hands and feet, how can the head live alone? With Wang Wumin, why is the country?"
Zhang Xianzhong's perverse behavior can't even be passed by his adopted children. What's more, the officials and people of Sichuan, Sichuan people see Zhang Xianzhong After the heart of the beast, many armed forces were organized to resist the Great Western Army.
Zeng Ying gathered troops in Chongqing, Zhu Hualong organized an army in Maozhou, and Cao Xun led the men and horses entrenched in the Dadu River area.
In short, the Daxi regime has lost the hearts of the people in Sichuan. The people of Sichuan have smeared the Daxi Nian with horse dung and assassinated Daxi officials. Many Daxi officials were killed less than two to three months after they took office. In some counties, even more than a dozen county officials were killed in a few months.
Zhang Xianzhong's adopted sons and grandchildren can be expected
When Zhang Xianzhong caused public grievances, the Qing army had settled Jiangnan.
Immediately, Dorgon appointed Hauge as the general Jingyuan to conquer Sichuan.
Zhang Xianzhong’s end has come, but this does not mean that the good days of the Sichuan people have come. This scene is just a group of wolves and a few tigers. Ordinary people are enslaved and slaughtered.
Wolves are also different from wolves. Stupid wolves show their fangs when they see people. Smart wolves always hide their fangs carefully, pretending to be a sheep.
Hauge issued an Anmin notice before entering Sichuan: "The imperial court ordered me to go out and suppress the bandits and smooth out the gangsters. The people don't have to panic. I wait for the people to live and work in peace and contentment."
Force Under great military pressure from the Qing army, Zhang Xianzhong decided to abandon Chengdu in August of the third year of Shunzhi.
清军入川
Before leaving, Zhang Xianzhong ordered all women to be slaughtered and all gold and silver seized. Anyone who concealed one or two silvers beheaded and concealed more than a dozen skins for public display.
What is strange is that Zhang Xianzhong did not take away the silver when he collected it, but threw all the gold and silver into the river. Before leaving, Zhang Xianzhong also ordered people to burn Chengdu City and destroy the city walls of Chengdu and its prefectures and counties.
In this way, behind the blazing city of Chengdu, Zhang Xianzhong left Chengdu with his troops, arrived in Xichong, and stationed on Phoenix Mountain.
Zhang Xianzhong certainly knew that Phoenix Mountain was not a long-term place, and he asked the soldiers to chop off the trees on Phoenix Mountain to make ships and plan to cross the river to Huguang.
is hereAt the most critical moment, the Great Western Army rebelled and Liu Jinzhong, the commander of the Xiaoqi Camp, surrendered to the Qing army. Just like Wu Sangui led the Qing army into the customs, Liu Jinzhong led the Qing army into Sichuan.
History is repeated again and again, what is repeated is not history, what is repeated is only human nature.
张 Xianzhong
Sichuan’s terrain is very complicated, with many mountains and few plains. If there is no such a good guide as Liu Jinzhong, Qing Jun It won't come in so smoothly. Liu Jinzhong directly brought the Qing army to the foot of Phoenix Mountain.
According to historical records, it was very windy and foggy on this day, so I couldn't see things at all. Zhang Xianzhong got up in the morning and walked out of the tent. Suddenly a sentry reported that there were horseshoes and armor sounds behind him.
Zhang Xianzhong listened to the furious, and ordered the sentry to be tied up and prepared to beheaded for disturbing the military's mind. However, it didn't take long for a lot of sentries to send similar reports.
Zhang Xianzhong couldn't help but feel suspicious. Zhang Xianzhong personally brought his soldiers to the foot of Phoenix Mountain. At this time, the fog had dispersed, and Zhang Xianzhong saw that the densely packed soldiers were all clearing away.
Zhang Xianzhong is very close to the Qing army. Liu Jinzhong recognized him at a glance and said to Hauge: "This person is Zhang Xianzhong."
豪格
Hauge hurriedly drew his bow, hitting Zhang Xianzhong's chest with an arrow, Zhang Xianzhong fell off his horse immediately and died in anger.
At that time, there was a foreign missionary in Zhang Xianzhong’s military camp. He once described Zhang Xianzhong’s death process:
"To provide loyalty to the police, regardless of the details, whether it was the Qing troupe, and he immediately rode Out of the camp. No armor, no long spear, nothing but a short spear. When he was on a small post, when he was looking around, suddenly an arrow flew, under the shoulder of the center, and shot in from the left side. , Straight to his heart, immediately fell to the ground, blood flowed. The army of each battalion disperse without attacking, rushing to one side, each fleeing for their lives."
Zhang Xianzhong died, the ending is not difficult to imagine, Daxi The army is a great escape, The Qing army is a great pursuit of victory. The Qing army beheaded tens of thousands of levels and won 12,000 horses.
Sun Kewang, Li Dingguo and others brought thousands of remnants and tens of thousands of families from Chongqing to Guizhou. Later, they established the four generals regime in Yunnan, united with Nanming, and continued to fight against the Qing Dynasty.
—End—
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