Introduction: The rise of the Tang Dynasty and the defeat of the Turks Tubo had not yet formed a unified political power. Subsequently, the rise of Tubo Later Tang and Tibet broke out a war that lasted for more than a hundred years. Even though the Tang Dynasty was already relatively weak after the Anshi Rebellion, it still dealt a fatal blow to Tubo. Although the Tang army failed to complete the feat of occupying Tubo, it cannot be denied that the Tang Dynasty's contribution to the integration of Qinghai and Tibet into the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty cannot be denied. The Tang Dynasty faced Tubo at its peak. Without the Tang Dynasty's continuous use of troops against Tubo, there would not have been the Yuan and Qing Dynasty's propaganda against Tubo. This is like a person who is full after eating the fifth steamed bun. This does not mean that the first four he ate were useless.
The Han and Tang dynasties were among the most powerful dynasties in the history of our country. The Han Dynasty had the heroic saying that "anyone who offends a strong Han will be killed no matter how far away he is"; the Tang Dynasty also had the saying that "all the barbarians inside and outside who dare to call themselves soldiers will be killed!" Domineering. When Li Shimin traveled across the desert to capture the Turkic Khan alive, Tubo had not yet grown up. Later, Tubo and the Tang Dynasty entered their peak period at almost the same time, and they were entangled like needles against each other for two hundred years. Although the Tang Dynasty had declined after the Anshi Rebellion, it still defeated the powerful Tubo with its strong strength. Without a unified political power in the snow-covered plateau, the Yuan and Qing dynasties could relatively easily incorporate the plateau into their territory.
Snowy Plateau During the Tang Dynasty, the most powerful Tubo dynasty in history was established. Tubo once single-handedly resisted the three great empires of Tang, Dashi and Uighur; during the Yuan and Qing Dynasties, the strength of Snowy Plateau was far inferior to that of Tubo.
Countless ethnic minority regimes have been born in the history of our country. After a long period of collision and integration, the current multi-ethnic Chinese family has been formed. In the vast snow-covered plateau, civilization finally formed the great empire of Tubo during the Tang Dynasty, which reached its peak. In its heyday, the southern territory of Tubo reached the Ganges Plain , the west reached Central Asia and bordered Dashi, the north was adjacent to the cloister of the grassland after annexing the Western Regions , and the east was at war with Datang across Longyou in Hexi Province.
In other words, at its peak, the powerful Tubo could single-handedly resist the three great empires of the Tang Dynasty, Uighur, and Dashi. It is conceivable that Tubo's national power was prosperous and its popularity was unprecedented. The Gesang flower on the snowy land has ushered in its brilliant flowering season, and Tubo has reached its peak as a hybrid regime with both nomadic regime and farming civilization. However, when the water is full, it will overflow, and when the moon is waxing and waning, Tubo cannot escape this law. The relatively barren land on the snowy plateau cannot support Tubo's gradually expanding population and strong national power. Changes in the natural environment have also cast a shadow over Tubo's continued prosperity. More importantly, the neighbor was the Tang Dynasty, one of the few good war dynasties in the history of the Central Plains dynasties. Under the continuous attack of the Tang Dynasty (coupled with Tubo's own internal problems), it eventually perished.
Even if Tubo was destroyed, the Jiaosiluo regime formed by some of the remaining Tubo forces in the Song Dynasty became the target of Xixia and Song Dynasty competing to win over. Of course, the strength of the Snowy Plateau at this time can no longer be compared with that of the Tubo period, and the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty are the only two unified dynasties in the history of our country that have dominated the Central Plains. In particular, the Mongolian cavalry swept across the Eurasian continent and destroyed countless countries, and the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty were also arrogant for a while. The declining Xueyu Plateau regime was no longer able to cope with the impact of the Yuan and Qing cavalry, and it was the general trend for Xueyu to be included in the territory of the Central Plains dynasty.
During the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties, Mongolia's fighting power was so strong that the Snowy Plateau surrendered without a fight and was incorporated into the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty. From then on, the Snowy Plateau became an integral part of the Central Plains Dynasty.
Since Tubo acquired the Western Regions, the Western Regions have disappeared from the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty for thousands of years. It was not until the Qing Dynasty pacified the Junggar Khanate that the Western Regions returned to the dynasty's territory, which shows the importance of Tubo in history. When Tubo collapsed, the Central Plains ushered in the rise of Mongolia after hundreds of years of division and confrontation between Song, Liao, Jin and Xia. The strength of the Mongolian cavalry has far exceeded the strength of the traditional nomadic regime, and both combat power and tactics have almost reached their peak.The Mongolian cavalry swept across the entire Eurasian continent from east to west, and countless ethnic groups, civilizations, and countries were destroyed.
And Wo Kuotai the second son Kuo Duan became a key figure in the management of the snowy plateau. Wo Kuotai, the successor to the Mongolian Han throne, enfeoffed Gansu, Qinghai and other Xixia old lands to the second son Kuo Duan. Mongolia's frontal attack on the Song Dynasty encountered resolute resistance in Xiangyang, so Mongolia planned to attack Dali from Tubo and then attack the Southern Song Dynasty from the side. Kuoduan first conquered some Tibetan forces from Qinghai, Sichuan and other Tibetan fringe areas, laying the foundation for officially opening the door to the Tibetan mainland. At this time, Tubo was no longer under the control of each other and its strength was greatly reduced. Peace talks were the best way to face the tough Mongols. In 1247, Kuaduan and Saban held peace talks on behalf of Mongolia and Tubo in Liangzhou City. Kuoduan eventually converted to Buddhism, and Tubo was brought under the rule of the Central Plains Dynasty.
After Tubo, the Western Region Plateau was no longer strong, which was the result of the superposition of comprehensive factors such as environment, weather, religion, etc.; during the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty strengthened its rule over the Snowy Region Plateau through the Qing-Zhun War, and established the Minister in Tibet
The Millennium Snowy Region during the Tubo Period When it reached its peak, it was the result of the right time, right place and right people: the climate in Tubo was relatively good at that time, and farming could be carried out in river valleys and other places; coupled with Songtsen Gampo , the hero in Tubo history, the powerful Tubo came into being. The marriage between Tubo and the Tang Dynasty brought a large number of mature technologies to Tubo, giving Tubo a completely different composition from a purely nomadic empire. Paying equal attention to farming and handicrafts, and parallel settlement and nomadic herding, the stable food supply and the formation of settlement methods have given Tubo a strong foundation. As Tubo became stronger, various problems gradually came to light: the fragile ecological agriculture on the plateau could not withstand over-exploitation; the introduction of Daxing Buddhism and the seven-household monk system not only resulted in a large amount of wealth being built in temples, but also Tubo warriors fought decrease in strength. At the same time, the rupture and differences between Buddhism and Tubo's own Bon religion caused internal turmoil in Tubo. In addition, the continuous attacks from the Tang Dynasty caused the once powerful Tubo to collapse.
During the Qing Dynasty, the Western Region Plateau was occupied by the Heshuote Khanate. The Junggar briefly ruled the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau after the Heshuote Khanate. It can be seen that Qinghai's strength was already quite weak at that time, and as the Qing Dynasty War continued, Qinghai eventually returned to the embrace of the Central Plains Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty established ministers in Tibet to manage specific Tibetan affairs for nearly two hundred years.
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