"People can be reformed." This is the core of Chairman Mao's theory of reforming criminals, and it is also the basis for reforming the Kuomintang war criminals after the founding of New China.
When talking about the rehabilitation of Kuomintang war criminals, we have to mention Gongdelin Prison.
At that time, there were many war criminals management centers across the country, including Gongdelin in Beijing, the Senior Prisoner Management Office of the General Political Department of the Northeastern Democratic Alliance Army, Xi'an War Criminals Management Center, Chongqing War Criminals Management Center, Fushun War Criminals Management Center.
Gongdelin imprisoned many senior KMT generals. It also became the most famous war criminals management center because of the TV series "Amnesty 1959".
Faced with enemies who were once on the battlefield, the Communist Party of China did not retaliate or directly impose capital punishment. Instead, it pursued revolutionary humanitarianism and strived to make these "high officials" self-reliant workers.
The political nature and influence of Kuomintang war criminals in China’s modern history is relatively special. Their transformation process is more complicated than that of Japanese war criminals and puppet Manchukuo war criminals. In other countries in the world, there are few successful precedents for reforming war criminals.
Among the Kuomintang war criminals, the transformation process and results of the Huangpu Phase I generals are even more eye-catching. They were classmates with General Chen Geng and Marshal Xu Xiangqian. They were once regarded as "disciples of the emperor" and were regarded as confidants by Chiang Kai-shek , arrogant.
They also made contributions on the battlefield of the Anti-Japanese War. The party and the government spent a lot of manpower and material resources to transform them. The longest transformation was Huang Wei . It took a total of 27 years before they truly changed their minds and received amnesty. As stubborn as Huang Wei, neither the party nor the government gave up. Among these eight people, only Deng Zichao was shot.
Deng Zichao
Deng Zichao was born in Shicheng, Jiangxi Province in 1899. He entered the first phase of Huangpu Military Academy at the age of 25 and was included in the sixth team to study. He participated in the Northern Expedition just after graduation.
Deng Zichao became famous after participating in the Central Plains War in 1930. From then on, he became Chiang Kai-shek's favorite disciple.
In 1934, Deng Zichao was appointed as the colonel commander of the 3rd Security Regiment of Jiangxi Province. During the Anti-Japanese War, during the Lushan Defense Battle, Deng Zichao made military exploits and was reused by Chiang Kai-shek, making him famous throughout the country. At that time, both "Central Daily News" and " Xinhua Daily " reported extensively on Deng Zichao.
Picture | Gongdelin Prison
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Deng Zichao was promoted to the administrative inspector general and major general security commander of the 9th District (Minshan) of Jiangxi Province because of his military exploits.
In 1947, Deng Zichao had obviously retired and was serving as a casualty, but during the War of Liberation, he was reused by Chiang Kai-shek as a major general and high counselor of the Jiangxi Provincial Security Command.
Since then, Deng Zichao has played against Huaye many times, but unfortunately he has been defeated repeatedly. Even with almost no achievements, Deng Zichao still gained the trust and reuse of Chiang Kai-shek. He was loyal and grateful to Chiang Kai-shek.
In 1950, Deng Zichao was arrested in Ganzhou . Since then, he has been resisting with an extremely fierce attitude. He strongly resisted reform in prison and either threatened suicide or self-mutilation.
Deng Zichao became a typical example of stubborn resistance. He even plotted to escape from prison several times to confuse people's hearts. Even though the central government repeatedly stated its attitude: no trial, no sentence, no killing, Deng Zichao remained unmoved, disrupting the management order of the entire Gongde Forest.
In early 1951, Deng Zichao was shot.
He was the only Huangpu first-term student among the meritorious deeds who was shot because his personal influence was too bad.
Several other national army war criminals from the first batch of Whampoa Military Academy were later pardoned one after another.
黄伟
In December 1948, Huang Wei was captured as the commander of the 12th Corps of the National Army. By December 1975, he was pardoned as the last batch of war criminals, after 27 years of ideological transformation.
Huang Wei, a native of Guixi, Jiangxi, is an important general in the civil engineering department.
After Huang Wei graduated from the first phase of Huangpu, he almost always worked in Chen Cheng's 18th Army . From brigade commander, division commander to army commander, he won Chen Cheng's trust.
During the Battle of Huaihai , except for the escape of the deputy commander of the 12th Corps Hu Lian and others, the entire corps was completely destroyed.
Huang Wei was arrested near Nanpingji. From the first day of his arrest, Huang Wei resisted and refused to cooperate.
The Kuomintang government announced that Huang Wei had been killed in action and held a grand "memorial service." Huang Wei's wife took their children to Taiwan.
Huang Wei is a relatively stubborn war criminal in Gongdelin Prison. The reason why he has been resisting is because he believes that he is now a prisoner, not because of his own fault, but because of the defeat..
While he was studying, he would either remain silent or talk nonsense. He would also make sarcastic comments about other war criminals who had confessed and repented.
The prison stipulates that the lights must be turned off when sleeping. He was very dissatisfied, found fault, and cursed at being inhumane. I heard that Du Yuming wrote a review of more than 10,000 words. He did not want to repent and refused to write any confession.
Huang Wei is a typical example among Gongdelin managers who refuse to reform. After the first batch of amnesty lists were announced, he was dumbfounded, and his wife was even more despairing. She came all the way from Taiwan and Hong Kong to Shanghai, and even suffered from mental problems. He took a large amount of sleeping pills and committed suicide. Fortunately, he was found and rescued.
What Huang Wei's family couldn't understand was that Huang Wei wanted to study perpetual motion machines at the War Criminals Management Institute. The managers felt that he wanted to use perpetual motion machines to escape reform.
In order to stop Huang Wei, his design drawings and written materials were sent to the Ministry of Public Security, which in turn handed them over to Chinese Academy of Sciences . After a week of demonstration, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences responded that " violates the principles of modern physics. ", and wrote sufficient reasons and evidence.
Huang Wei's wife and daughter came to the prison many times to persuade Huang Wei. The eldest daughter even brought books to Huang Wei to read, but he was too stubborn and threw away the books. Seeing Huang Wei's obsession, the managers of
felt that his ideas were valid and that they might be able to find a breakthrough to reform his thinking.
They asked four technicians from the Electrical Machinery Factory of the Management Institute and several war criminals with science backgrounds to set up a scientific research group with Huang Wei to help Huang Wei conduct scientific research.
In the eyes of others, Huang Wei's perpetual motion machine was a "joke", but Huang Wei has quietly changed since then.
In the Gongde Forest, Huang Wei contracted tuberculosis , lymphatic tuberculosis and many other diseases. When his condition was serious, he also developed a large amount of ascites and could not walk without a trace.
The War Criminals Management Office invited famous medical experts from Beijing for consultation. This incident also alarmed Premier Zhou. Because a special imported medicine was needed to treat the disease, and the quality of the medicine produced in the Soviet Union was poor and had serious side effects, Premier Zhou approved the special treatment. Hong Kong bought this batch of medicine for Huang Wei.
Huang Wei would have a pound of milk, two eggs and three taels of meat on his dining table every day, even during the three-year natural disaster period.
For a while, Huang Wei felt that the managers were getting fatter and fatter, thinking that they ate better than war criminals. After the amnesty, he found out that the managers were swollen because they didn't have enough to eat.
After Huang Wei recovered from his illness, his thoughts finally began to change. He knew in his heart that even in the past, Chiang Kai-shek would not necessarily consider his health like this, even if he was a senior general.
Huang Wei finally built a so-called "perpetual motion machine" in prison, but it stopped after a few turns and could not really move forever.
Later, Huang Wei also mentioned in his letter to his daughter that he had begun to study "The Communist Manifesto" and hoped that his daughter would help him buy a reference book "Summary and Commentary of the Communist Manifesto".
Picture | In 1975, Wen Qiang (first from the right), Huang Wei (second from the right) and others received a visit from Americans and former Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense at the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
After the amnesty, Huang Wei was actually still stubborn and serious. He was famous throughout the country When the CPPCC Cultural and Historical Data Research Committee is working, it will spend half a year verifying a mistake in historical data and interviewing people who have witnessed it.
In 1980, a book about the Battle of Huaihai from the perspective of the National Army was about to be published. I found Huang Wei, Huang Wei proposed that if it was written from the perspective of the National Army, it must be written " Battle of Xu Bang" instead of "Huaihai" Battle".
Huang Wei's suggestion was not adopted at first. He refused to write. In the end, a line was added under the title of the book, "Taiwan is called the Battle of Xu Bang."
Huang Wei, like Deng Zichao, is a "die-hard" in the Gong De Lin, and Huang Wei's resistance lies in his own stubborn temper. He will not instigate, nor will he deliberately sabotage or provoke, nor will he form gangs to resist with force. , or organize a jailbreak.
One is one, two is two, this is Huang Wei's character. Because of this, although it is difficult and it takes a lot of time, the party and the government are still willing to wait for Huang Wei's change, hoping that he can open up his heart, let go of his ideological baggage, and constantly reflect on himself.
Picture｜Huang Wei visits the silk factory in his hometown of Guixi, Jiangxi.
It is hard to imagine that Huang Wei, who cursed all day long in Gongde Forest, will actively promote our party's policies to Taiwan's military and political personnel through various channels after the amnesty. , to eliminate their prejudices and concerns.
He said he hoped that Taiwanese people could look at themselves and realize that not only was they not dead, but they were still alive and well.
Zeng Kuangqing
Premier Zhou Enlai once said to Li Xianzhou that among the students in the first phase of Huangpu, the one who impressed him most was that he had Zeng Kuangqing. Because these two people are relatively older among the students, the students call them Brother Zeng and Brother Li.
Zeng Kuangqing, a native of Weiyuan, Sichuan, was a student of Li Dazhao. He came to Whampoa Military Academy with Li Dazhao's letter of introduction to Zhou Enlai.
After graduating from the first class of Huangpu, he stayed in school and worked as a major staff member in the Political Department of Director Zhou Enlai.
Zeng Kuangqing cherished the relationship between teacher and student with Zhou Enlai, and also remembered Zhou Enlai's care for him.
After the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, he kept writing letters of repentance to Chiang Kai-shek, expressing his willingness to be loyal to Chiang Kai-shek forever.
He finally chose to join Chiang Kai-shek and served as chairman of the Kuomintang Sichuan Provincial Party Headquarters and secretary-general of the Chongqing Appeasement Office.
He was Chiang Kai-shek's confidant and secret envoy. Among the "Thirteen Taibao" of the Fuxing Society, Zeng Kuangqing ranked first, so people called him the "Big Taibao".
On December 24, 1949, on the eve of the liberation of Chengdu, Hu Zongnan looked around for Zeng Kuqing and asked him to go to Taiwan immediately, but Zeng Kuqing refused to agree.
He decided to stay in the mainland, and also wanted to surrender to the CCP and strive for meritorious service and atonement. He regretted that he had clearly been guided by his mentor Zhou Enlai when he was at Whampoa Military Academy, and he could have taken the right path, but he still made the wrong choice.
With this feeling of guilt, Zeng Kuanqing's transformation in Gongdelin was relatively smooth. In 1959, he was among the first batch of war criminals to be pardoned.
Zeng Kuangqing recalled the choices he made when he was young in his later years, and still sheds tears. He said that he made many mistakes in his life, and he was most sorry for his two mentors, Li Dazhao and Zhou Enlai.
And what Zhou Enlai said to him made her feel extremely guilty: " I can't blame you entirely. I, as a teacher, am also responsible. "
Du Yuming
Du Yuming, a native of Mizhi, Shaanxi, one of the generals of Chiang Kai-shek's Huangpu Department Among them, Du Yuming has a very high official rank. He is not a fellow countryman of Chiang Kai-shek. He can stand out among the Huangpu clique because of himself.
In 1942, in order to support the British army in fighting the Japanese army, Chiang Kai-shek established the Chinese Expeditionary Force with the 5th Army as the main force and went to the battlefield in Burma. Du Yuming was appointed as the deputy commander-in-chief of the First Route.
Chiang Kai-shek trusted Du Yuming very much. He had military exploits. More importantly, when facing Chiang Kai-shek's orders, he would hardly make corrections according to the environment in which the army was located and execute them mechanically.
The expeditionary force suffered heavy losses because it implemented the retreat route prescribed by Chiang Kai-shek and returned to the country across the uninhabited Savage Mountain . However, Chiang Kai-shek felt that this was a symbol of Du Yuming's loyalty to him. Not only would he not blame him, he would also promote him to the commander-in-chief of the 5th Group Army and the commander-in-chief of the Kunming Defense.
Picture | Du Yuming and Cao Xiuqing
During the War of Liberation, Du Yuming was already seriously ill. Even though Du Yuming had already cut off his right kidney in Shenyang, Chiang Kai-shek still ordered him to lead troops to defend the important Northeast and Huaihai theaters.
Du Yuming's final battle was against Su Yu, the generation commander and acting political commissar of the East China Field Army , and Liu Bocheng, the commander of the Central Plains Field Army.
Du Yuming tried his best, but was ultimately defeated by the People's Liberation Army. Hundreds of thousands of Huangpu's direct troops were destroyed. 45-year-old Du Yuming was arrested in Chenguanzhuang, Yongcheng, Henan.
Du Yuming received good care in Gongde Forest. Diseases such as gastric ulcer, tuberculosis and renal tuberculosis that had not been treated before due to the war received the best treatment available at the time.
The managers of the War Criminals Management Center ate their own steamed buns. During Du Yuming's illness, he was able to eat braised fish, roasted chicken and eggs, and he had one serving of milk every day.
Du Yuming's ideological change came from these details. During the "Reading Reform" activity in Gongdelin, Du Yuming meticulously read books such as "On Protracted War" and wrote ten thousand words of reading notes.
He took the initiative to send his thoughts and feelings together with a letter to the commander of the 88th Army of the Kuomintang Ma Shigong to assist in instigating rebellion. After receiving Du Yuming's letter, Ma Shigong secretly made up his mind to resign on the eve of the Battle of Crossing the Yangtze River. The command of the 88th Army fell into chaos and the defense line was quickly breached. Du Yuming used this as his "atonement."
"People are not wood and stone, and no one can be insensitive." Du Yuming deeply realized that his loyalty should be given to the people, not the Chiang family.
Du Yuming sewed clothes at the War Criminals Management Center and experienced the hard work and happiness of a real worker. He was also extremely proud of the victory of the Chinese Volunteer Army in resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea. He had to admit that the Chinese people did stand up under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
Under Zhou Enlai's arrangement, Du Yuming wrote a letter to his son-in-law Yang Zhenning in the Forest of Merit, congratulating him on winning the Nobel Prize .
Chiang Kai-shek once personally invited Du Yuming's wife Cao Xiuqing to try to persuade Yang Zhenning to come to Taiwan. Cao Xiuqing superficially agreed. After coming to the United States, he and his daughter and son-in-law had been discussing returning to New China to reunite with Du Yuming.
Picture | Deng Yingchao meets Du Yuming and his family
After 10 years of study and reform, on December 4, 1959, Du Yuming was pardoned as the first batch of war criminals to be pardoned.
Every time Yang Zhenning brought his wife back to China, he and his father-in-law and mother-in-law would be received and entertained by Premier Zhou. When Du Yuming held a banquet at his home, he would also invite Huangpu alumni and some national army generals Zheng Dongguo, Zheng Tingji and others to accompany him.
Du Yuming finally chose to settle in Beijing and spend his later years with his wife here.
Song Xilian
Song Xilian, a native of Xiangxiang, Hunan, graduated from the first class of Huangpu. After joining the army, he participated in the Eastern Expedition and the Northern Expedition, and made many military exploits.
Song Xilian was once known as the "Light of Huangpu", and Chiang Kai-shek regarded him as a direct descendant of his direct lineage.
Song Xilian admired Qu Qiubai very much when he was in middle school. Qu Qiubai, who was responsible for handling issues of cooperation between the two parties, once came to Huangpu Military Academy to give a report and preach revolutionary ideas.
At that time, Song Xilian was a member of both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and Qu Qiubai was the leader he admired.
However, after the Kuomintang and the Communist Party broke up, Song Xilian chose Chiang Kai-shek. He said that the most regrettable thing in his life was that after receiving Chiang Kai-shek's secret order to "shoot Qu Qiubai on the spot", he personally issued the order to shoot Qu Qiubai.
Song Xilian recalled in his later years that Qu Qiubai said to him in prison: "Mr. Song is from Huangpu No. 1. I know you...for the sake of teachers and students, please give me pen and ink, I want to write something..."
Song Xilian's hands were stained with the blood of Communist Party members.
In 1949, the People's Liberation Army crossed the Yangtze River with overwhelming momentum. Chiang Jieshi appointed Song Xilian as "Director of the Sichuan-Hunan-Hubei Border Region Appeasement Office" and commander of the 14th Corps.
When Song Xilian was arrested, he knew that Yin Fatang, who had been chasing him, was just a regiment leader. He felt so desperate that he could only sigh.
Song Xilian was the last senior general captured by the People's Liberation Army after Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan. Because his surname was Song and he was a lieutenant general, he was nicknamed "General Song". It means to bring an end to the Kuomintang reactionaries.
Song Xilian seriously accepted reform in the meritorious society and made rapid progress in his thinking. In 1959, he received the first batch of amnesty.
Li Xianzhou
Li Xianzhou is from Changqing, Shandong. Three senior Kuomintang generals, Li Xianzhou, Li Yannian, and Li Yutang, were all from Shandong, and their surname was Li. They were all born in Huangpu Phase I, so they were called the "Three Lis" of Shandong.
In 1946, Li Xianzhou was appointed as the deputy commander of the Jinan Second Appeasement District of the Xuzhou Appeasement Office, and became the deputy of Wang Yaowu, the descendant of the third phase of Huangpu.
Li Xianzhou was captured by the East China Field Army. He was injured and was detained at the Kunyu Mountain War Criminals Management Office, and was later transferred to Gongdelin.
General Chen Yi once met him and said to him sincerely: "If you put down your arms, you will become a friend. I will give you preferential treatment. Put down your burdens and study with peace of mind. If you have any difficulties or requirements, you can ask me."
Li Xianzhou said sadly: "Commander Chen The official's inspection revealed that I have been injured, and the clothes I wear are all given to me by your military health camp. I really have no baggage to put away."
Li Xianzhou didn't understand what "ideological baggage" was at the time. Chen Yi smiled calmly and nodded. My own mind: "We Communists talk about burdens as ideological burdens."
Li Xianzhou is the oldest among the more than 200 war criminals in Gongdelin. He is over sixty years old and his body is not in good shape. With the "Three Virtues" Be famous - eat well, shit well, sleep well.
He did not resist, and he had no intention of actively reforming at the beginning. He buried all his dissatisfaction in his heart.
After watching the movie, he complained on his laptop that the KMT officers were played like either pigs or monkeys. The dormitory team leader saw this and handed it over to Deputy Director Sun of the Management Office.
Deputy Director Sun not only did not blame him, but encouraged him to write out all these remarks. Later, after watching the movie every week, he would write a review. His name can be seen every time in the "Literary Column", and he can also be regarded as the "columnist" of Gongdelin.
Li Xianzhou's change was subtle. In the autumn of 1958, Gongdelin's "generals" rushed to Qincheng Farm to participate in labor one by one.
In order to take care of older war criminals like Li Xianzhou, they were not assigned tasks. Li Xianzhou refused and took several old and frail war criminals with him and offered to participate in labor reform.
Li Xianzhou was pardoned on November 28, 1960, and was the first in the second batch of pardoned persons. In fact, his name was not on the second batch of lists, and was personally ordered by Zhou Enlai.
Zhou Enlai always remembered Li Xianzhou, a trainee in the first batch of Huangpu. He remembered that he left his wife and children all the way from Shandong to Guangzhou when he was 30 years old. He was one of the first among this group of trainees to be appointed company commander.
Li Xianzhou's road to transformation was bumpy and bumpy, but among the "Three Lis", Li Xianzhou had the best ending. Although he was no longer brilliant in his later years, he could still be ordinary.
Zhou Zhenqiang
Zhou Zhenqiang, is from Zhuji, Zhejiang .
He was a guard of Generalissimo Sun Yat-sen's Mansion and was very loyal to Sun Yat-sen. When Huangpu Military Academy was established, it was Sun Yat-sen who recommended him to enter the first phase of Huangpu Military Academy.
Huangpu Phase 1 and his identity as a fellow Chiang Kai-shek made Zhou Zhenqiang's career smooth and he was a popular person around Chiang Kai-shek.
Kuomintang agent Shen Zui, who was also at the Gongdelin War Criminals Management Center, recalled this incident: Zhou Zhenqiang once shot one of his agents. He caused trouble for Zhou Zhenqiang and was severely scolded by Dai Li before he even left the house.
Zhou Zhenqiang actually considered surrendering before he was arrested. Unfortunately, he was captured by the People's Liberation Army on the way, thinking that he was escaping, and was finally sent to Gongdelin.
Zhou Zhenqiang's performance in the meritorious society was relatively low-key, and he was relatively active in ideological reform. In 1959, he received the first batch of amnesty.
According to Shen Zui’s recollection, Zhou Zhenqiang was going to be pardoned at that time, which was beyond everyone’s expectation. Everyone thinks that because Zhou Zhenqiang is a fellow countryman of Chiang Kai-shek, he is needed to do the united front work, but some people think that it is because Zhou Zhenqiang had planned to surrender from the beginning.
After Zhou Zhenqiang was pardoned, he was invited to serve as a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. His usual job was to write memoirs. In his later years, he returned to his hometown of Zhejiang to spend his remaining years.
Fan Hanjie
Fan Hanjie is from Guangdong and graduated from the first phase of Huangpu.
Before Fan Hanjie was admitted to Huangpu, he was actually the commander of the Sixth Route Army of the Guangxi Army. Hearing that Mr. Sun Yat-sen opened a military academy and Chiang Kai-shek became the principal, Fan Hanjie resigned as commander and was admitted to Huangpu. He planned to start from scratch and become an officer after graduation. to the deputy commander of the theater.
In 1946, Fan Hanjie was responsible for the task of supervising and training new recruits. He could deeply feel the contradiction between Defense Minister Bai Chongxi and Chief of Staff Chen Cheng, and he already had the feeling that "the building is about to collapse."
In 1947, Fan Hanjie's corps occupied the Yimeng Mountain area and was appointed commander of the Jiliao Corps and chairman of the Jehol Province. In the same year, he was captured by the People's Liberation Army. Soon after, Northeast China was liberated.
According to Fan Hanjie's recollection, when he first entered Gongdelin, he adopted an attitude of protecting himself and being submissive. He constantly reminded himself that his past self was dead and remained silent. Later, a big change occurred in his thinking. He felt the sincerity of the party and the government and understood that he had the possibility of a new life.
He shaved off his original beard and insisted on writing a diary, reading books and newspapers every day.
The books on his bedside include books on materialist dialectics and the history of social development, as well as books on advanced mathematics, Japanese and German .
He no longer wastes his time and feels the fulfillment of life through reading.
He said to other "classmates" more than once: " We captured generals and defeated generals are released back to Taiwan. We will be unable to hold our heads up for the rest of our lives, and our lives would be worse than death. Now under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, if we do not Those who died unexpectedly should do their best to serve the people. "
In the autumn of 1959, the Supreme People's Court pardoned the first batch of thirty war criminals based on the President's amnesty order, but Fan Hanjie's name was not included.
Fan Hanjie was very sad and silent all day long. He was always thinking about when the second batch of amnesty recipients would have their turn, and he felt deeply uneasy.
It was not until the following year, when Fan Hanjie was included in the second batch of amnesty, that a stone finally fell in his heart.
In order to dispel the concerns of the released personnel, Zhou Enlai specially met with them in Zhongnanhai .
Seeing his former teacher at Whampoa Military Academy, Fan Hanjie felt guilty and kept apologizing to Premier Zhou Enlai.
Premier Zhou comforted him: " We have reached the same goal through different paths, embarking on the road of serving the people . You have to thank the Communist Party for adopting such a lenient policy towards people who have come from the hostile camp. In the future, you should try your best and do more. Things that are beneficial to the people. ”
After Fan Hanjie passed away, the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference held a grand memorial meeting for him. However, Fan Hanjie’s children, wives and concubines were all abroad or in Taiwan, and only his half-sister came from his family. Attend a funeral.
Fan Hanjie's ashes were placed in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery . A long time later, his eldest son Fan Dasheng, who lives in the United States, came to Beijing on behalf of the family and brought the other half of the ashes back to Taiwan for burial.
Chairman Mao has always believed that some generals of the Kuomintang made certain contributions to the Chinese revolution during the Great Revolution and the Anti-Japanese War. Most criminals can be reformed, and only a few will persist in their mistakes. I hope they can truly distinguish between ourselves and the enemy. On this basis, we oppose barbaric and cruel behavior.
Rehabilitating and amnesting war criminals is an important step in isolating, shaking down and dismantling enemies at home and abroad. In a completely different way from the Chiang regime, we turn negative factors into positive factors and turn war criminals into people who can support themselves and be useful to society.
( On October 19, 1960, Premier Zhou Enlai met with Huangpu alumni in the Summer Palace. Front row from left: Li Qizhong, Zhou Enlai, Chen Geng, Shao Lizi, Zhang Zhizhong, Zheng Dongguo. Middle row from left: Huang Wei, Tang Shengming, Tan Yizhi , Hou Jingru, Du Yuming, Zhou Zhenqiang. Back row from left: Wang Yaowu, Yang Botao, Zheng Tingji, Zhou Jiabin, Song Xilian)
In 1960, 10 war criminals including Du Yuming, Wang Yaowu, and Song Xilian were pardoned. Under the generous education of the Communist Party of China and the People's Government, and thanks to the sincere inspiration and earnest teachings of leaders at all levels, we have gradually confessed and repented from our conscience, changed our evil ways and done good, and become new people. We are grateful and grateful! From now on, I am determined to continue to intensify reform and resolutely follow the Communist Party forever. In the years to come, we will dedicate our strength and lives to the cause of socialism.
