Nowadays Fushun It is nothing new for people to go out in addition to cars, and take trains and express trains. If you go to Shenyang, the provincial capital, to do some errands, you can run back and forth in one morning. This is something our ancestors would never dare to think of. of. The increasingly advanced rail transportation is becoming more and more convenient and fast, shortening the distance between cities, accelerating the pace of life, improving work efficiency, and playing an important role in people's travel and economic development. With the intense construction of the Fushun section of the "Shenbai High-speed Railway", the author has the idea of examining the development history of Fushun rail transportation.
Let’s first talk about the ups and downs of trams in the world. The invention of electricity in the 19th century brought tremendous changes to human life. Using electric power to drive trains for transportation on fixed tracks became the earliest trams. The world's first tram was born in Berlin, Germany in 1881. It had only one carriage and could carry more than a dozen people (Figure 1).
From 1890 to 1930, trams developed rapidly in major cities around the world and became the main means of transportation in many cities. For example, in 1912, 370 of the 376 cities in the United States had rail trains, which were responsible for the main transportation of passengers and freight.
In the 1940s and 1950s, due to the rapid growth in the number of cars, "buses" gradually replaced the noisy trams with poor comfort and flexibility due to their flexibility and convenience. In the 1960s and 1970s, almost all tracks around the world were demolished. But when the crazy development of automobiles brought traffic congestion, air pollution, energy shortages and traffic accidents to large and medium-sized cities, people began to miss the green transportation - trams. Thus, the streetcar was revived once again. In the process of rebuilding rail trains, new technologies, new materials and new processes were adopted. A low-power, high-speed, noiseless and lightweight electric locomotive soon became the protagonist of urban transportation and has continued to do so.
Time passed to 1978, and the United Nations International Conference on Public Transport officially named this new type of rail locomotive "light rail transportation". Compared with the original tram and subway, it has the characteristics of low line construction cost, lighter body weight, strong climbing and turning ability, etc., and is understood by people as a "cheap subway". It has greatly improved the efficiency of people's travel and also promoted economic and social development along the route. Over the past 30 years, it has been widely developed in countries around the world. Fast-paced, large-capacity, low-energy consumption, and low-pollution light rail transportation is being built in various places as one of the symbols of international modern metropolises. Figure 2 shows several main processes in the development of trams in the world.
Next, let’s talk about the development history of Fushun rail transportation. In April 1904, after the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, the Russian Empire hurriedly built a crossing from Hunhe Station in the north of Sujiatun Station in Shenyang to the east in order to transport military supplies and plunder Fushun's coal resources. It passes through Qianjinzhai in Fushun (now the large pit of the West Open-pit Mine) and finally reaches the "Su-Fu Railway" at Laohutai in the east of Fushun. The main line is 53.3 kilometers long. There are two stations in the section: Lishizhai and Qianjinzhai. Qianjinzhai Railway Station is located in the south of "Riren Street" in Qianjinzhai. It was completed on October 1, 1905 and is the earliest railway station in Fushun area (Figure 3).
A year later, with the end of the Russo-Japanese War, the railways and mines in Fushun fell into the hands of the Japanese. In order to monopolize and plunder Fushun's coal resources, the Railway Management Department of the Japanese Field Army immediately changed the original Soviet-style railway to Japanese-style narrow gauge, and extended the starting point westward to Sujiatun Station in southern Shenyang, making the total length of the railway line reach 55.9 kilometers long, it has truly become the "Suzhou-Fufu Railway" line. At the same time, in order to expand transportation, the Yangbaibao and Yongantai branch lines were built across the Yangbai River to the east of Qianjinzhai.
After the establishment of the "Manchuria Railway" in 1907, the Suzhou-Fuzhou Railway was changed to broad gauge. After completion the next year, the railway's transportation capacity increased from the original 1,036 tons/day to 3,810 tons/day. However, it still could not meet the needs of large-scale coal transportation. The Japanese began to rebuild the "Su-Fufu Line" in 1923; at the same time, with the forced relocation of Qianjin Village, a new station was built - now Fushun Station . After 1925, the puppet Manchukuo The newly built Fenghai Road and Jihai Road will be merged and connected, called the "-Shenji Line ", with a "Fushun City Station" in the middle.In 1944 and 1945, the Japanese successively built two "connection lines" between Fushun-Jiangjunbao and Fushun-Fushun City, connecting the Su-Fu Line and the Shen-Ji Line to form the link between Sujiatun, Fushun and Shenyang. Circular railway line.
With the implementation of the large-scale open-pit excavation plan of the "Manchurian Railway Fushun Coal Mine", the original Qianjinzhai Railway line was demolished. On October 3, 1923, a new Fushun Station (South Station) was built in "Xiaoguantun" on the north side of the coalfield. It will be completed at the end of the month, replacing the original Qianjinzhai Station and starting normal operations. At that time, the station built a waiting room, a 150-meter platform, three warehouses, six main lines and six arrival and departure lines. Most of the buildings were made of wood (Figure 4).
It was not until June 1934 that the wooden structure was demolished and a new permanent station building of brick-concrete structure was built on the original site, which is now the main waiting room building of South Station. Now it has ended its historical mission. Become a municipal protected cultural relic. At the same time, infrastructure such as cargo yards and water supply were also built. The original Qianjinzhai Station was abandoned at the end of November 1926, and the original passenger and cargo transportation business of the station was transferred to Fushun Station and Daguantun Station (Figure 5) built in 1926.
Fushun's electric railway was also built around 1904. Along with the mining of coal in Fushun, it was continuously built, expanded, and renovated, and gradually formed. By the end of 1933, the total extended mileage of Fushun Electric Railway reached more than 130 kilometers. By the time Fushun was liberated, a belt-like layout with the Mining Bureau Station as the center and running through the entire coalfield from east to west had been formed. It reaches Qingtaizi and Sanbaotun in the west, Zhangdianzi on the outskirts of the city in the east, and Nanhuayuan in the south; it is a complete electrified railway network that connects with the Shenfu Railway in Daguantun and Paoertun. It includes four main lines, including the Southern Main Line, the Northern Main Line, the Western Industrial Line, and the Western Passenger Transport Line, as well as a Liushan branch line. The total mileage of trunk lines reaches more than 200 kilometers, excluding temporary lines, semi-fixed lines and enterprise-specific lines. If we count them all up, the total distance will reach more than 300 kilometers.
Picture 6 This precious photo captures the track-laying scene at the Xincheng Road level intersection (east of the city fire brigade) in 1944; while Picture 7 shows the Shenfu light rail box at the same location on March 18, 2009, 65 years later Culvert construction construction site.
Figure 8 shows the scene when the bifurcated track interchange was completed and opened to traffic three months later. It’s true that things and people have changed, and things are different now than they used to be.
Time flies, and more than a hundred years have passed in the blink of an eye. The rail transportation, which has carried the vicissitudes of Fushun and the changing world, is constantly taking on a new look in the face of urban transformation and deepening reforms, making new contributions to the people's lives, economic development and social progress in the hometown. Make new contributions.
has eight pictures attached. (April 2016)
