The Queen of Liao Jingzong, Xiao Chuo: the most familiar Queen Mother of the Central Plains Dynasty, the figure of Wu Zetian in the Liao Kingdom

In feudal society, nomadic peoples often gave the farming nation the impression that barbarism and killing coexisted, and the backward nomadic civilization often gained military advantage. But not all of these nomads are undesirable to look at without war.

In the feudal history of more than two thousand years, in addition to the emergence of a wave of Saint Lord Mingjun, there are also a group of outstanding female politicians. Of course, in addition to the female protagonists of the Central Plains, there are also outstanding female protagonists on the grassland that can not be ignored by ethnic minorities, or that have produced extremely far-reaching effects on the Central Plains Dynasty.

To talk about the heroine on the grassland, the heroine most familiar to the Central Plains dynasty or the enemy heroine who has circulated various versions of dramas and novels should be the Queen Mother of Liao, and there are many Queen Mothers of Liao, which most impress the Central Plains Dynasty. The most profound thing is Xiao Chuo, the queen of Liao Jingzong. Yes, you know that Queen Mother Xiao.

萧蜀

◎The unspoken rules of the Liao Kingdom

From the Queen Shuluping of the Taizu Yelu Abaoji of the Liao Dynasty, or from the earlier spouse of Yelu’s family In other words, it was the cooperation between the Xiao family and the Yelu family.

Since the founding of the Liao Kingdom, the emperors and queens of the Yelv family belonged to the Xiao family (the situation of the two empresses of Shizong Liao was a bit unexpected). This is the unspoken rule of the Yelv family and the Xiao family to share state power.

With so many Queen Xiao or Queen Mother Xiao, the most impressive one is the Queen Mother Xiao and the Queen of Liao Jingzong, Xiao Chuo, who is the biggest enemy boss in "Girl Generals of Yang".

The reason why Xiao Chuo stands out in the Xiao family is related to his father Xiao Siwen. Because his father was an important minister who supported Yelvxian of Liao Jingzong, after Liao Jingzong ascended the throne, he was naturally rewarded. The most important official post of the Liao Kingdom, the North Secret Envoy, was rewarded to Xiao Simwen, and he was also the prime minister of the North House, which can be described as a high authority. .

Xiao Siwen established Liao Jingzong with Nanyuan Privy Envoy Gao Xun and Feilong Maid's Li.

In addition to the position, the emperor gave the hero a gift. According to the inherent tradition of the Liao Kingdom, the Liao Jingzong decided to let his daughter enter the palace.

And Xiao Siwen has more than one daughter, so how was Xiao Chuo selected? You can tell from Xiao Chuo's early performance at home.

早慧. Thinking about the women sweeping the floor, but later cleaning up, she said joyfully: "This woman will be able to get married!"

As the saying goes, why not sweep the world without sweeping a house, see the big from the small, you can see Many unique qualities, this may be one of the reasons why Xiao Chuo was sent to the palace.

After Xiao Chuo entered the palace, he was canonized as a queen within a short period of time. This was determined by the special political environment of Liao. Of course, the influence of his father in the dynasty cannot be ignored.

辽景宗

◎It seems that the husband’s illness is a sufficient condition for the dictatorship of the heroine

Becoming a queen Xiao Chuo has the opportunity to approach government affairs, and this opportunity comes from Liao Jingzong's disease. Yelvxian of Liao Jingzong was the second son of Yelvruan of Liao Shizong. Yelvruan was killed in this rebellion. Although Yelvxian was rescued, he also left the root of the disease. Since then, his body cannot support him to handle government affairs normally.

Under this situation, Xiao Chuo slowly helped Liao Jingzong deal with political affairs. Xiao Chuo’s political talent was recognized by Liao Jingzong. Secondly, the relationship between Xiao Chuo and Yelvxian was definitely relatively deep. Otherwise, Yelvxian would not delegate power to her, or even help her.

February Renyin, bachelor of Yushiguan, also known as "I" and "Yu" in the words of the Queen of the Book, written in a fixed form.

This is a record in "Liao History·Jingzong Benji". The envoy of Liao Jingzong is equivalent to giving Xiao Chuo unlimited access to the emperor. As we all know, the word "zhen" belongs to the emperor's exclusive word, but now Xiao Chuo can also use "zhen", which is a powerful boost to Xiao Chuo by the Liao Jingzong.

In 1982, the frail and sickly Liao Jingzong did not survive, and died at the age of 35. Before his death, he officially handed over all power to Xiao Chuo, "Liang Wanglongxu's succession, The military affairs are subject to the Queen’s order". Liao Jingzong made such a decision not an emotional impulse, but after a long time together, Jingzong knew that Xiao Chuo must be the transition of power.

辽

◎Regents help Liao Kingdom Feudalization

After the death of Liao Jingzong, it was his and Xiao Chuo’s eldest son Yelulongxu who succeeded to the throne, and he was the Liao Shengzong. At the beginning of his ascension, Yelulongxu was only one year old. At the age of twelve, Xiao Chuo, as the regent, had a piece of Jingzong's edict, but that was just a sentence. If the edict alone was unable to rule the vast grasslands, Xiao Chuo had to obtain the Yelu Royal Family. With the support of the heavy minister.

Regardless of whether the royal family or the important minister needs to be trusted, Xiao Chuo chose two people, Yelv Xiezhen and Han Derang. First of all, why Xiao Chuo chose Yelv Xiezhen, because Yelv Xiezhen is Xiao A talent recommended by Chuo’s father Xiao Siwen.

In the first year of Baoning, the privy envoy Xiao Siwen recommended Xiezhen to have talents in the country. He said: "I know, the first is lost, how can I be restrained? "To say:" Although the outside is lost, the middle is not measurable. "

Not only that, but Yelv Xiezhen is also a close relative of Xiao Chuo’s family , "the nephew of the wife of the queen".

So you can summarize the reasons why Yelv Xiezhen was selected. One is the royal family, the other is talented, the third is recommended by Xiao Chuo’s father, and the fourth is Xiao Chuo’s niece.

Secondly, let’s talk about the reasons for choosing Han Dejang. Han Dejang is the representative of Han Chen of Liao Kingdom, Yin Gao Liang Hezhi He was promoted to the privy envoy of the South Court in the war, which is extraordinary ability. There is also said that Xiao Chuo has an unclear relationship with him. Xiao Chuo once said to him "我常许婚子, I wish to reconcile the old, then The young master is in charge of the country, and Yiruzi is also".

After choosing these two people, at the same time appointing Yelv Xiezhen as the secret envoy of the North Privy Council, which is equivalent to Yelv Xiezhen and Hande letting them control the highest political and military power of Liao. Before that, Xiao Chuo also used a woman's biggest weapon-tears.

Then weeping and said: "The mother widow is weak, the family is strong, the frontier defense is not clear, how? "Yelü Xiezhen and Han Derang Jin said: "Trust ministers, etc., why worry about it! "

Although it is tears, it is also Xiao Chuo testing their loyalty. After all, it is not so easy for a woman to master the hero.

Xiao Chuo and Liao Shengzong in Yelu Xiezhen With the assistance of the two of Han Dejang, they continued to promote the feudalization process of Liao. In particular, Han Dejang had a deep influence on Liao Shengzong and Xiao Chuo.

For example, the selection of officials during the Liao Shengzong period and the establishment of imperial examinations Institutions, economic reform measures, and a series of so on, made Liao a prosperous period. These measures effectively promoted the transformation of Liao from slavery to feudalism.

And these changes are inseparable from the Liao female owner Xiao Chuo.

辽圣宗

◎The pusher of the Liao-Song century balance

After talking internally, let’s talk about the Liao State externally, mainly the war with the Northern Song Dynasty. The reign of Xiao Chuo mostly overlapped with the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Khitan began to war with the Central Plains since the Five Dynasties. With the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the Liao and Song wars continued. The Liao wanted to go south, and the Song wanted to regain the Youyun sixteen states.

The two most important wars between the Empress Dowager Xiao and the Northern Song Dynasty were launched under unresolvable contradictions.

For the first time, the Northern Song Dynasty’s "Yongxi Northern Expedition"

The Northern Song Dynasty was unifying the Central Plains. After separating the Central Plains, he thought about regaining the Sixteen States of Youyun, and since he had to go to war with Liao. In 1986, Song Taizong took advantage of Liao Shengzong’s succession shortly to prepare for the Northern Expedition. After all, the shame of the battle of Gaoliang River was still In the heart.

and Yongxi’s Northern Expedition resulted in another defeat of the Song Dynasty, , "In May Gengwu, the Liao division fought Cao Bin and Mi Xin at Qigou Pass. They were defeated, chased to Juma River, and drowned. "The invincible era".

For the second time, Liao Guo went south

In the year of 2004, Xiao Chuo led an army of 200,000 troops to the south.Preparing to attack the Northern Song Dynasty, the Liao army fought all the way to Chanzhou.

Xizhi military administration, the battle of Chanyuan, guard the army, refer to the three armies, rewards and punishments are clear, and soldiers use their lives.

This battle is the active offensive of Liao and the Northern Song Dynasty is on defense. Moreover, this battle was also a battle between the two emperors, and the supreme rulers of the two countries were all present. The Liao Kingdom was the Empress Dowager Xiao and Liao Shengzong, and the Northern Song Dynasty was the imperial conquest of Song Zhenzong.

The participation of Song Zhenzong in this battle broke the Queen Mother Xiao’s plan, resulting in a stalemate in the war, and it was increasingly moving in an unfavorable direction for the Liao army, so Queen Mother Xiao wanted to negotiate a peace.

Empress Dowager Xiao wants to discuss peace, Song Zhenzong wants more than she does. This requires an intermediary. The Empress Dowager Xiao sent Wang Jizhong, who was a Song general, and Song Zhenzong sent Cao to use.

Wang Jizhong: At the beginning of Jingde, the Khitan requested peace and ordered Jizhong to memorialize, knowing that it is still there. The imperial court followed it, and became a soldier from the north and south, and continued to be loyal and powerful.

Cao Utilization: After eating and drinking, I decided to discuss the Guannan Land and refuse to use it. Send his minister Han Qi to retaliate, and then use the Qidan.

Songliao both parties reached "澶渊之联盟", Although the Song army was in the upper hand in the later stage of the war, due to Song Zhenzong, this treaty made the Liao country gain huge benefits. .

Of course, this benefit will not be mentioned, but one of the biggest functions of the Chanyuan Alliance is to maintain the balance for more than a hundred years after the Liao and Song Dynasties. No major war broke out between the two sides.

And the most direct impact of this result is "Procreation and reproduction, cattle and sheep are wild, people who wear white, do not know the fighting" , the peace and stability of the border that both Liao and Song sides exchanged.

Xiao Chuo’s life is perfect for Liao. Forty years of ruling career has continuously made the transition of Liao’s imperial power smooth, and integrated domestic forces to reform political, economic and cultural aspects, which has comprehensively promoted Liao’s development. The process of feudalization.

also launched a war against the Song Dynasty, which made the late Liao Kingdom in a stable period of more than a hundred years, which also laid a solid internal foundation and a stable external environment for the prosperous period of Liao Shengzong's rule.

The queen mother of Xiao in the film and television drama

◎Finally, shortly after Qianling

Chanyuan League, Xiao Chuo returned the power to the Liao Shengzong, But in the same year, Xiao Chuo died of illness. After Xiao Chuo died, he was buried with Liao Jingzong. This is a routine, and there is nothing to say. What I want to talk about is the name of their tomb. The name of the tomb is also called "Qianling". The reason for adding "Ye" is very simple.

In the history of China, there is a more famous "Qianling Mausoleum". This Qianling Mausoleum is the most special tomb in China for more than two thousand years, because it contains two emperors-Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and his empress. Wu Zetian. Wu Zetian was the pinnacle of the heroine of the Central Plains dynasty, while Xiao Chuo was the pinnacle of the heroine of the Liao Kingdom. After all, she also used "zhen".

Wu Zetian’s Qianling Mausoleum is currently the best preserved among the Tang Dynasty’s imperial tombs and has not been developed. But the fate of Qianling, who had the same name, was not so good.

Since the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao Dynasty, Xiao Chuo’s Qianling Mausoleum has been stolen, and they have been stolen for nearly a thousand years, continuing until the beginning of the 20th century. Compared with the well-protected Wu Zetian's Qianling, Xiao Chuo's Qianling is much more lonely.

乾陵比

In history, Xiao Chuo’s regent in Liao and Wu Zetian’s dictatorship are quite similar. They are both outstanding female politicians of their respective eras. Development has played an irreplaceable role. In ancient societies, this was not easy.

For Xiao Chuo, if you look at her from the perspective of the Central Plains, perhaps it can only be "acquired tolerant, insidious and bloodthirsty, witty, good control of the left and right, and the ministers get his life."

But if you simply evaluate her, it may really be "Later Mingda governs the way, he must follow the good news, so the officials exhaust their loyalty."