Lead: There have been many important and great women in Chinese history, what we want to talk about today is Southern and Northern Dynasties Northern Wei Empress Feng , a great female politician, reformer. Northern Wei Dynasty is an important dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. This era promoted the unification of the north on the one hand, and the integration of culture and nation on the other hand, laying a solid foundation for the inheritance and development of Chinese civilization.
1. The past and present of the Northern Wei Dynasty
The Northern Wei Dynasty was once a symbol of a prosperous era. Let us first talk about the historical process of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Northern Wei Dynasty was the first dynasty of the Northern Dynasties during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, also known as the Later Wei, Tuoba Wei and Yuan Wei. Early Mandarin Xianbei language , originally called Daiguo , in 386, Tuoba head Tuoba Gui was established, changed the country name to Wei, and built the capital Pingcheng . In 439, the Northern Wei unified the north. Following Former Qin Fu Jian once again unified the North. As a result, it stood side by side with the Liu Song regime in the south, forming a pattern of confrontation between the Northern and Southern Dynasties. From 493 Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong moved the capital Luoyang , the emperor changed his surname to Yuan. In 534, split into Eastern Wei and Western Wei .During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Buddhism rose and developed unprecedentedly. In the eighth year of Wuding in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (550 years), Gao Yang was abandoned, Xiaojing Emperor , on behalf of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, established Northern Qi . In the third year of Emperor Gong of the Western Wei Dynasty, the powerful minister Yuwenhu forced Zen to be located in his nephew Yuwenjue , and the history of the Northern Wei Dynasty officially came to an end. This is the past and present of the development of the entire era of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
2. Selected as a nobleman and first entered the court
The ancestors of the Queen Mother Feng were also the royal family of Beiyan during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and her aunt was Feng Zhaoyi of the Northern Wei Dynasty , Empress Dowager Feng originally served as a maid in the Northern Wei Palace as the daughter of a criminal minister. When she was 12 years old, she was selected as a nobleman by Emperor Wencheng. This year, Emperor Wencheng was only 13 years old. It can be said that they grew up together without guessing. Deep feelings.
In AD 465, Emperor Wencheng Tuoba Jun died at the age of 25. Empress Dowager Feng was a young widow with no children or daughters. At the funeral of Emperor Wencheng, the heroine was very sad and sad. She wanted to devote herself to the sea of fire to accompany Emperor Wencheng to die, but was finally rescued by everyone around him.
After that, Emperor Xianwen, who was only 12 years old, Tuoba Hong succeeded to the throne. Empress Feng officially became the empress dowager and assisted the government. As Tuoba Hong's mother-in-law, Empress Dowager Feng entered the political arena naturally.
3. The mother and son have a gap and govern again
Empress Dowager Feng regarded Emperor Xianwen Tuobahong as her own, carefully taught him, and helped him clear all the obstacles in the court, but it was a pity that later The mother and son developed a rift. Perhaps Empress Dowager Feng felt that Emperor Xianwen did not listen to her words and was dissatisfied with the emperor.
In August of the fifth year of Emperor Xing (471), Emperor Xianwen was forced to enthrone the prince Tuoba Hong, who was under 5 years old. Forced by the empress dowager, the crown prince was passed on." The crown prince Tuoba Hong ascended the throne, that is, the famous Emperor Xiaowen in history. Emperor Xianwen himself became the Supreme Emperor. This year, he was only 18 years old.
Because Emperor Xiaowen was young, the real power was still in the hands of Emperor Xianwen. In the winter and October of the fifth year of Yanxing (475 years), Emperor Xianwen, who was already the Supreme Emperor, held a grand reading ceremony in the northern suburb of Pingcheng, which shook the world. All this made Empress Dowager Feng feel more and more that she needed to take charge of the government again to prevent Emperor Xianwen from harming her. In this way, a huge palace incident happened quietly. One day in June in the first year of Chengming (476), the imperial court suddenly declared martial law, the atmosphere in the capital was tense, and the palace was even more heavily guarded. Soon, the Emperor Taishang came to Jin Ye to visit the Empress Dowager Feng, but was swarmed by ambush soldiers and captured, and was forcibly placed under house arrest. Later, he died in the Yongan Hall of Pingcheng. Rumors at the time said that Empress Dowager Feng had killed Emperor Xianwen.
Empress Dowager Feng was revered as the Great Empress Dowager, and she once again served as the political core of the Northern Wei Dynasty. At this time, Empress Dowager Feng had already passed her old age.Whether it is talent, bearing or political experience, they are all more mature. After Empress Feng took charge of Chao Gang, she faced new challenges. After the death of Emperor Xianwen, the political situation became turbulent. Not only that, the corruption crimes that Emperor Xianwen rectified during his time were repeated after his death, which also made the rule of the Northern Wei Dynasty face a potential threat. For the long-term stability of the Northern Wei Dynasty and to consolidate her position of power, the Queen Mother Feng gave both kindness and power, and gave full play to her superb political wisdom and political ability. It also made the Northern Wei Dynasty develop steadily.
4. Be kind and cultivate filial piety and implement the Han system
Empress Dowager Feng's brilliance and greatness lie in knowing how to advance and retreat, cultivating Emperor Tuoba Hong, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and making Emperor Xiaowen participate in political affairs as much as possible , carefully cultivated, familiar with the Confucian classics, Emperor Xiaowen himself is also very high-spirited, he can't let go of the scrolls, and he reads hard. Later, he implemented the land-equalization system and household regulation, changed the official system and laws, moved the capital to Luoyang, and changed the surname of the family. Sinicization, reforming Han customs, promoting Han culture, requiring speaking Chinese in court, wearing Han clothing, and intermarrying with Han people, to promote national integration and progress. The achievements of Emperor Xiaowen and the development of the Northern Wei Dynasty were inseparable from the vigorous training and political reform of Empress Dowager Feng.
It can be said that Empress Dowager Feng cultivated Emperor Xiaowen by example, she devoted herself to this young emperor, made this emperor a generation of wise men, and created the prosperity of the Northern Wei Dynasty. She also realized her lifelong political ambitions through Emperor Xiaowen. Watching the child's gradual growth and progress, I think this old woman is full of pride and achievements. Emperor Xiaowen also has a very good relationship with this grandmother. Her political tactics flourished and culminated.
5. Summary
The Northern Wei Dynasty was able to unify the north. Under the separatist rule of several parties at that time, it could form a confrontation between the north and the south and suppress the ethnic minorities in the north, and also had a very close relationship with the queen mother. . And at that time in order to better rule,The implementation of the Han system in the Northern Wei Dynasty also had a political necessity, which is also the reason why the Chinese civilization can still continue and develop after going through , strife in the world, and competition among heroes. No nation in the world can have such a powerful force. , can have such a powerful assimilation force, read history, you will find that in every special period and stage in history, some powerful people have appeared to save this nation.
The historical prototype of Li Weiyang in the popular TV series "Splendid Weiyang" is the Queen Mother Feng of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Many characters and stories in the play are similar to history, maybe we are watching this play When you are on the go, synchronization allows you to understand the history of the Lower Northern Wei Dynasty, Chinese history, endless fun, infinite wisdom, what do you think, welcome to leave a message in the comment area to discuss.
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