- resume the imperial examination
A major imperial examination case occurred in the early Ming Dynasty, the famous South and North List Case , also known as the Spring and Summer List Case. This case has a wide range of influence and far-reaching political significance. It can be regarded as one of the few classic cases. In order to calm the incident and win people’s hearts, Zhu Yuanzhang sacrificed the lives of the two champions and created a new admission for the imperial examination system. model.
Although Zhu Yuanzhang has a bad background, he attaches great importance to cultural training. He understands that the development of a country requires the promotion of talents. Knowledge can not only change the destiny, but also change the national fortune. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Zhu Yuanzhang vigorously encouraged people to study hard and serve the country in the future. On the other hand, Zhu Yuanzhang was also preparing various imperial examination systems and perfecting the nation’s education system.
This is not an overnight project. Fortunately, Zhu Yuanzhang is not eager to get it done. After subtle development and accumulation, the Ming Dynasty finally resumed the imperial examination in Hongwu in seventeen years. There was a palace examination for three years, and the students were very active. In that era, the rankings were the best shortcut to get ahead. Scholars all over the world were looking forward to the palace exams. Therefore, the imperial examinations were carried out smoothly. Until the 30th year of Hongwu, there were very large imperial examination cases, the North-South list cases.
In February of the 30th year of Hongwu, the students of the Ming Dynasty once again ushered in the imperial examination. Zhu Yuanzhang has always attached great importance to the imperial examination. After his repeated deliberation, the examiner selected . Liu Sanwu.
- Liu Sanwu's misfortune comes from the sky NS. The reason why he was selected is not only because he is literate, but more importantly because of his good character. Ming History commented on him as generous, without a city in his chest, and called himself Tan Tan Wong.
His greatest characteristic is his integrity and fairness. Zhu Yuanzhang had high hopes for him and for this imperial examination, but it was a pity that Liu Sanwu was facing disaster because of this high hope.
Finally, Ding Chouke was released on the list in March in the 30th year of Hongwu. The first is from Fujian Chen Pi, the second is from Yin Changlong from Jiangxi, and the third is from Zhejiang from Liu Shie. Because 51 people were admitted in this imperial examination, all of them were Southerners, and there was not a single Northerner, so this list is called Nanbang, or Chunbang.
In fact, there is a reason why southerners dominate the rankings. It is impossible for the North to fight for years, the talents wither away, and the culture is not affected. It was ruled by the Yuan Dynasty for another hundred years. Although the Yuan Dynasty also promoted culture, it was not as important as the Han people. So, from a fundamental point of view, the Southerners’ dominance on the list does not indicate that Liu Sanwu has a problem.
- It’s wrong to seek truth from facts
But northern students don’t think so.After many years of hard work, I finally passed the test from the local area to the capital. In the end, all of them were named Sunshan. There must be something strange. It must be the examiner Liu Sanwu who was embezzled and took bribes, used favoritism to favor the southerners, and said that the examiner engaged in regional discrimination. The evidence is that Liu Sanwu's hometown is Hunan!
Things are getting bigger, and the students from the north have joined forces and told Liu Sanwu that they are partial to the southerners. Zhu Yuanzhang originally trusted Liu Sanwu, but the results of the list were indeed a bit weird. In order to give the northern students an explanation, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the establishment of a twelve-member investigation team, headed by attendant believe, and the team members also included Xinke The top three!
The survey team is very efficient. After several days of review, the survey results came out. Zhang Xin reported to Zhu Yuanzhang like this:
failed to read the papers. There are also taboos, and candidates are admitted on the basis of talents, and there is nothing wrong with it.
At the same time, in order to prove himself, he also brought some papers of the candidates from the north and south to Zhu Yuanzhang.
As soon as this conclusion was announced, the students in the north were gone. This result made them even more angry. They were full of anger, and they were almost holding their books. . At the same time, they believed that not only Liu Sanwu had the problem, but even Zhang Xin colluded with Liu Sanwu, despising the northerners and favoring the south. Because Zhang Xin is from Zhejiang! And the paper he brought was also a shabby scroll from the north, he did it on purpose!
- The emperor's tactics
Anyway, the northern candidates have also lost their name.They are not afraid no matter how big the trouble is, the incident intensified, and there is a momentum that is out of control. Finally, in order to quell this incident, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the new division champion Chen Yu in May to attend Zhang Xinlingchi. Zhang Xin was the Hongwu champion in 27 years. He was accused of being accused by Liu Sanwu. Zhu Yuanzhang killed two champions with the shot, and the rest of the investigation team were also assigned. Liu Sanwu finally ended up in the army. Because he could not find the charge, Liu Sanwu was included in the blue jade other party.
No way, not killing people is not enough for civilians. However, some people have escaped this disaster. He is Xinke's second place, Yin Changlong. The reason is that after he reviewed the test papers, there are northern students on the list... This result can explain the essence of the matter.
It does not count if the punishment is over. In order to calm the anger of the northern students and maintain political stability, Zhu Yuanzhang personally presided over the examination and scoring. This time, Han Kezhong ranked first, Wang Shu ranked second, and Jiao Sheng ranked third. A total of 61 people were admitted, all of whom were from the north, so they were called Beibang and Xia Bang. Therefore, the 30-year imperial examination case of Hongwu was called the North-South List Case.
From the point of view of talent selection alone, admission should not be divided into north and south regions, but from a political point of view, for the stable development of the country, in order to balance the country, it is necessary to divide the admissions. It will not bury talents, and at the same time it will win over people's hearts. It is helpful to popularize culture and education in the country and increase the enthusiasm of learning in backward areas.
Later in the Xuanzong period of the Ming Dynasty, a meeting exam was set, three volumes in the north and south. Under this system, the imperial examinations of the Ming Dynasty finally reached a balance. It was not until the reign of Kangxi that it was changed to the mode of admission by provinces. The times are advancing and the system is becoming more and more perfect.
The South and North List case can’t just look at the surface. The political significance behind him is even more important. Politics is everywhere, and politics can be seen from culture. Zhu Yuanzhang’s imperial powers, Liu Sanwu and Zhang They couldn't understand the letter and the new champion. They have become victims of tactics. This is the cruelty of politics. Killing is because of need and has nothing to do with crime. But this is history and it is indispensable.
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