In those years, after beating up Pakistan and defeating Portugal, which occupied Goa, India, which was full of confidence by believing that it was an invincible player in South Asia, turned its glittering eyes to “competing for” the leadership of “third world countries” with it. rights”, as well as its northern neighbor, China, which has a territorial dispute.
"Competing" for the leadership of the third world is naturally nonsense. As for the Sino-Indian border dispute, it was the combination of the British expansion policy in the South Asian subcontinent and the old China's borderless borders, which finally led to the new one. After the founding of China, the status quo of territorial disputes between China and India.
It's just that although New China has repeatedly explained to this "brother country" that also has a tragic "history", this fellow in India is not happy with how China sees it.
Since Nehru came into power, under his leadership, India has frequently implemented the so-called "forward policy" on the border, urging the annexation of the disputed territories between China and India. Around 1951, the Indian army successively occupied about 90,000 square kilometers of Chinese territory north of the traditional customary line in the eastern section of the Sino-Indian border and south of the illegal "McMahon Line"; meters and the Barrigas in the western section, and attempted to occupy the 33,000 square kilometers of Chinese territory in the western section.
When the time came to 1959, perhaps it was China's friendly attitude that made India make a wrong self-judgment, thus gaining an inch, and high-frequency conflicts began to occur in the border areas of the two sides. Among them, only in 1959, there was a large-scale bloody conflict. Jiu and Kongka Pass. In 1962, India intensified its efforts and dared to openly attack the border posts of New China.
Against this background, after repeated persuasion from India, the central leaders made up their minds to carry out a self-defense counterattack on the Sino-Indian border to quell India's arrogance.
China's victory
"We can't go back, behind is Moscow "!
This sentence comes from the defense of Moscow in World War II. It is a slogan shouted by Soviet soldiers to defend the motherland. There is no doubt that this sentence demonstrates the bravery and patriotism of Soviet soldiers. Let people feel the great contribution made by the Soviet Union in the anti-fascist war. Corresponding to
, there is another saying in the rivers and lakes with very similar sentence patterns but very different meanings - "We can't go any further, New Delhi is ahead!"
October 20, 1962, deployed in Under the orders of the Central Military Commission, the soldiers of the People's Liberation Army in the two autonomous regions of Xinjiang and Tibet, first smashed the Indian army's high-profile attack, and then launched a counterattack against the Indian army at the east and west ends. As of October 24, the troops of four regiments of our army on the east front had annihilated one enemy and successfully recovered some of the territory in the face of more than 20,000 troops from four brigades of the other side. At the same time, the Xinjiang part of the Western Front operation has also achieved the demolition of most of the enemy's strongholds, and the situation is very good.
General Zhang Guohua
Before the war, in order to ensure the safety of the battle, our founding lieutenant general, General Zhang Guohua, who was in charge of this self-defense counterattack against India against the Eastern Front, also had a candid conversation with various leaders of the central government.
Marshal Xu Xiangqian said to General Zhang Guohua: "To choose troops and generals, cadres must not only be military, but also politically minded and brave." The border defense police fight is the trump card of and of the Indians, and the elites of the Indians should warn the army to guard against arrogance and impatience."
In this regard, General Zhang Guohua naturally has no refusal, and also believes that although the enemy is India's trump card, they are still inferior to Chiang Kai-shek's army, and the 18th Army led by him during the War of Liberation was the elite of Chiang Kai-shek's direct line. He has fought a major war.
So Chairman Mao swiped his finger on the map, showing his domineering side: "Nehru thought that China would not dare to fight him, but now China will fight him, and his army will also be swept away. And light! ”
Counterattack against India in self-defense, situation map on the east front In just a few days, the 7th Brigade of the so-called elite division of the Indian army was completely wiped out. What makes people laugh even more, in this self-defense counterattack, three people even captured the enemy's two artillery In the position, seven officers and soldiers below the first and second warrant officers of the enemy were killed, seven artillery , four gun-to-mirror, telescope , and four bulldozers and cars were captured. In the battle report, he wrote the majestic words that made people laugh: "Not only did the enemy not surrender, but they dared to fight back at me! After the war, General Zhang Guohua also said humbly: "Our Tibet border troops are only third-line troops. If we replace the troops from Northeast China and Guangzhou to fight this battle, we will definitely fight better. As for the front-line troops, That is anti-aircraft gun to fight mosquitoes.
Pang Guoxing's three-person fighting group
However, The PLA's is a division of benevolence and righteousness. It not only treats the prisoners preferentially, but also takes the initiative to propose to Nehru to stop the conflict, restart negotiations, and peacefully resolve the border issue when they have achieved such a huge advantage. 3 recommendations.
In those years, after beating up Pakistan and defeating Portugal, which occupied Goa, India, which was full of confidence by believing that it was an invincible player in South Asia, turned its glittering eyes to “competing for” the leadership of “third world countries” with it. rights”, as well as its northern neighbor, China, which has a territorial dispute.
"Competing" for the leadership of the third world is naturally nonsense. As for the Sino-Indian border dispute, it was the combination of the British expansion policy in the South Asian subcontinent and the old China's borderless borders, which finally led to the new one. After the founding of China, the status quo of territorial disputes between China and India.
It's just that although New China has repeatedly explained to this "brother country" that also has a tragic "history", this fellow in India is not happy with how China sees it.
Since Nehru came into power, under his leadership, India has frequently implemented the so-called "forward policy" on the border, urging the annexation of the disputed territories between China and India. Around 1951, the Indian army successively occupied about 90,000 square kilometers of Chinese territory north of the traditional customary line in the eastern section of the Sino-Indian border and south of the illegal "McMahon Line"; meters and the Barrigas in the western section, and attempted to occupy the 33,000 square kilometers of Chinese territory in the western section.
When the time came to 1959, perhaps it was China's friendly attitude that made India make a wrong self-judgment, thus gaining an inch, and high-frequency conflicts began to occur in the border areas of the two sides. Among them, only in 1959, there was a large-scale bloody conflict. Jiu and Kongka Pass. In 1962, India intensified its efforts and dared to openly attack the border posts of New China.
Against this background, after repeated persuasion from India, the central leaders made up their minds to carry out a self-defense counterattack on the Sino-Indian border to quell India's arrogance.
China's victory
"We can't go back,Behind him is Moscow "!
This sentence comes from the defense of Moscow in World War II. It is a slogan shouted by Soviet soldiers to defend the motherland. There is no doubt that this sentence shows the bravery and fearlessness of Soviet soldiers. With patriotism, it can also make people feel the great contribution made by the Soviet Union in the anti-fascist war.
Correspondingly, there is another saying in the rivers and lakes that is very similar in sentence structure, but the meaning is very different - "We can't go any further, New Delhi is ahead! "
On October 20, 1962, the soldiers of the People's Liberation Army deployed in the two autonomous regions of Xinjiang and Tibet , under the order of the Central Military Commission, first smashed the Indian army's high-profile attack, and then launched attacks on the Indian army at the east and west ends. Counterattack. As of October 24, our army's four regiments on the Eastern Front had annihilated one enemy and successfully recovered some of the territory while facing more than 20,000 troops from four brigades. The Xinjiang part of the Western Front operation has also achieved the demolition of most of the enemy's strongholds, and the situation is very good. General Zhang Guohua, who fought back against the Eastern Front in self-defense, also had a frank conversation with various leaders of the central government.
Marshal Xu said to General Zhang Guohua in this way: "To select troops and generals, cadres must not only be military, but also politically savvy. ,Be brave. "
Marshal Liu Bocheng also warned: "To be clear, this time, it is not with their border defense police, but with the Indians trump card, the Indian elites, we must warn the army to guard against arrogance and impatience." "
In this regard, General Zhang Guohua naturally has no refusal, and also believes that although the enemy is India's trump card,But they are not comparable to the army of Chiang Kai-shek , and the 18th Army led by him fought a big battle with the elites of Chiang Kai-shek's direct line during the war of liberation.
So, Chairman Mao swiped his finger directly on the map, showing his domineering side: "Nehru thought that China would not dare to hit him, but now China will hit him and wipe out his army!"
Yes India counterattacked in self-defense, situation map on the east front
After the war, facing the elite Indian army who had followed the British "master" in the South and the North, the PLA soldiers could be said to be extremely careful, but who would have thought that the PLA's Tibet border troops only used In just a few days, the 7th Brigade of the so-called elite division of the Indian army was completely wiped out. What makes people laugh even more is that in this self-defense counterattack, three people even captured the enemy's two artillery positions, killed seven officers and soldiers below the first and second warrant officers of the enemy, and seized seven artillery guns. , binoculars and four sets each, bulldozers, four cars, such as the fairy battle.
As the party concerned, Pang Guoxing even wrote in the battle report a majestic and laughable words: "The enemy not only does not surrender, but dares to fight back against me!"
After the war, General Zhang Guohua also said humbly: "Our Tibet frontier troops are only the third-line troops. If we replace the northeast and Guangzhou troops to fight this battle, we will definitely fight better. As for the front-line troops, it is anti-aircraft gun to fight mosquitoes.
Pang Guoxingsan Human combat team
However, People's Liberation Army troops is the division of benevolence and righteousness, not only treats prisoners preferentially, but also takes the initiative to propose to Nehru 3 items of stopping conflict, reopening negotiations, and peacefully resolving border issues under the circumstance of obtaining such a huge advantage I just don't know what was on Nehru's mind, but he decisively rejected the olive branch extended by our country, and issued a national mobilization order on October 26.An emergency "Cabinet for Emergencies" was established, and an open call was made to "swear to destroy the enemy on Indian soil".
So, under Nehru's blood-like cries, by mid-November, India had once again increased its troops on the border to more than 30,000 people, as if it wanted to "endless" with China. On November 14 and 16, the Indian army again launched an offensive across the Sino-Indian border. In the face of another armed incursion by the Indian army, the Chinese government and the Central Military Commission decided to counterattack again, and the second stage of my country's self-defense counterattack against India was launched in such a "vigorous" way.
Of course, based on the combat power of the Indian army, the whole process of the counterattack can be described as lackluster. Basically, it can be summed up simply as follows: our troops on the east front beat the four brigades of the Indian army that came to attack again, and the west The front line troops completely swept away all the Indian army's strongholds in this area before the 20th, and the Indian army was once again forced to witness the bravery and skill of the PLA soldiers.
On November 21, the Chinese government issued a statement again, announcing that our border troops will cease fire along the entire Sino-Indian border and withdraw voluntarily. Our border troops were also ordered to take the initiative to return to Nehru a large number of weapons, vehicles and nearly 4,000 Indian prisoners captured during the counterattack operation.
Reactions of various countries
There is no doubt that China-India border self-defense counterattack is a just and ultimately victorious counterattack.
In this counterattack, the PLA soldiers repelled the Indian army's attack, cleared the Indian army's stronghold, annihilated some of the invading Indian army, and dealt a heavy blow to Nehru's hegemony and expansionism in India. What is even more commendable is that after the victory, our army did not continue to act with authority, but instead set a precedent in the world for voluntary ceasefire, voluntary retreat, and voluntary return of materials and prisoners.
If The Korean War let the world see the power of China, then this self-defense counterattack,It has won the praise and welcome of all peace-loving countries in the world for the new China.
Of course, none of this has anything to do with Nehru.
Nehru shook hands with Indian soldiers
Indian reaction, Nehru's sadness
After learning that the 4 brigades that had been put into the Eastern Front were once again defeated by the People's Liberation Army, Nehru was in a state of panic, because he relied on relationships to Lieutenant General Kaur, the superior front-line commander, told him through the army radio station in order to take the blame: "There are 13 divisions in the PLA army on the front line!"
13 divisions? What is the concept of 13 divisions? At least 130,000 people! And what is the concept of 130,000 people?
Nehru must have been stunned when he heard this report, but not long ago, he was still coveting the disputed area between East Pakistan and China and India, and even started to think about whether to put India in the east of Siliguri Corridor It was given to Mao Zedong.
After a few sleepless nights, Nehru finally realized that there were only four regiments of Chinese troops on the front line, with more than 12,000 troops, and he was more or less relieved. However, the next question was placed in front of Nehru... The border area increased from 20,000 to 30,000 troops, and these troops were all "elite" with a great reputation in India. When the Chinese army is said to be defeated, it will collapse?
At this time, Nehru completely understood that the Indian army said " clay sculpture wood carving" in front of the Chinese army, because at least the clay sculpture and wood sculpture will not be defeated by three people.
The main leaders of the Non-Aligned Movement, from left to right are Nehru, Krumah, Nasser, Sukarno, Tito
And more importantly for Nehru, he saw his own politics in this terrible news the end of life. Previously, India claimed to be the leader of the third world countries,It is also a major participant and member of the Non-Aligned Movement. It beat the Portuguese in Pakistan and Goa in foreign wars, and internally divided and suppressed the opposition with an iron fist.
Former U.S. President Nixon once commented on Nehru in his work "The Leader" as: "A man of outstanding talent, arrogant, arrogant, sometimes aggressive, and unabashedly exuding his strong sense of superiority."
But All this ended when the Indian army was unilaterally beaten by the Indian army in 1962. Nehru lost the prestige he had accumulated before, and in 1964, when things went badly, he died of a strong nationalist sentiment. on the bed. Before his death, the Indian leader still thought like this: "My personal view on the future prospects is this, I think there will be a federation in the future, including China, India, Myanmar, Sikkim, Afghanistan and other countries. .”
Nehru
The US-Soviet Reaction
After talking about Nehru’s grief, the other thing to talk about is the “abnormal” behavior of the United States and the Soviet Union.
1962 was in the midst of the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union, and it is worth mentioning that the first stage of our counterattack against India happened to be the "climax" of the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis. It stands to reason that the United States and the Soviet Union are eager for each other to "die" at the moment. As a result, the United States and the Soviet Union are still in a tense "nuclear game", but how do they know that a crisis has just ended, and the two countries "sincerely cooperate", one Put pressure on China one after the other.
Before the war, in order to win over India, the Soviet Union gave India 15 divisions of arms. After the start of the self-defense counterattack against India, the Soviet Union did not allow China to counterattack against India, and in the Sino-Soviet debate Said "China is the real hegemony ".
The US-Soviet hegemony
Compared with the verbal pressure of the Soviet UnionU.S. support for India has come more directly. The United States has incited public opinion in the western world and slandered China's self-defense counterattack as "foreign expansion". It also used this as an excuse to provide India with a large amount of weapons and armaments. According to the information at the time, just as our army was withdrawing at the end of the war, the transport aircraft , which was fully loaded with ordnance, had landed at the airport in Kolkata, India.
Through the attitudes at the national level, we can see the clues of the big power game . The reason why the United States and the Soviet Union stand on the side of India undoubtedly has the intention to win over India and suppress China.
Kennedy and Nehru
Indian
which was ridiculed by the crowd One voice: "Whoever wants to fight the Chinese army must be sick."
The British media also said: "The strength of the United States has not been able to win the Korean battlefield, and India is even more foolish."
And the most exciting The one who is happy is Portugal, who was beaten by the Indians in Goa. When the news of the Indian army being hanged and beaten by the People's Liberation Army spread to Portugal, Portugal, which is not as poor as a chicken, can be said to be extremely mocking in its media, believing that India deserved what it deserved, asking for its own pain, and seldom holding back against my country's self-defense counterattack. One of the Western countries with a positive attitude.
Pakistan, which is a feud with India, is not stingy in humiliating India. What is more worth mentioning is that Pakistan, after seeing the powerful combat effectiveness of the Chinese army, used the Karakoram corridor in the Kashmir region as the "Certificate of Name" started the close and friendly bilateral relationship between China and Pakistan.
If the Korean War made the world see the power of China, then this self-defense counterattack has won the praise and welcome of all peace-loving countries in the world for the new China.
Of course, none of this has anything to do with Nehru.
Nehru shook hands with Indian soldiers
Indian reaction, Nehru's sadness
After learning that the 4 brigades that had been put into the Eastern Front were once again defeated by the People's Liberation Army, Nehru was in a state of panic, because he relied on relationships to Lieutenant General Kaur, the superior front-line commander, told him through the army radio station in order to take the blame: "There are 13 divisions in the PLA army on the front line!"
13 divisions? What is the concept of 13 divisions? At least 130,000 people! And what is the concept of 130,000 people?
Nehru must have been stunned when he heard this report, but not long ago, he was still coveting the disputed area between East Pakistan and China and India, and even started to think about whether to put India in the east of Siliguri Corridor It was given to Mao Zedong.
After a few sleepless nights, Nehru finally realized that there were only four regiments of Chinese troops on the front line, with more than 12,000 troops, and he was more or less relieved. However, the next question was placed in front of Nehru... The border area increased from 20,000 to 30,000 troops, and these troops were all "elite" with a great reputation in India. When the Chinese army is said to be defeated, it will collapse?
At this time, Nehru completely understood that the Indian army said " clay sculpture wood carving" in front of the Chinese army, because at least the clay sculpture and wood sculpture will not be defeated by three people.
The main leaders of the Non-Aligned Movement, from left to right are Nehru, Krumah, Nasser, Sukarno, Tito
And more importantly for Nehru, he saw his own politics in this terrible news the end of life. Previously, India claimed to be the leader of the third world countries , and was also a major participant and member of the Non-Aligned Movement. It beat the Portuguese in Pakistan and Goa in foreign wars, and internally divided and suppressed the opposition with an iron fist. The limelight can be described as the middle of the day, no two at all.
Former U.S. President Nixon once commented on Nehru in his work "The Leader" as: "A man of outstanding talent, arrogant, arrogant, sometimes aggressive, and unabashedly exuding his strong sense of superiority."
But All this ended when the Indian army was unilaterally beaten by the Indian army in 1962. Nehru lost the prestige he had accumulated before, and in 1964, when things went badly, he died of a strong nationalist sentiment. on the bed. Before his death, the Indian leader still thought like this: "My personal view on the future prospects is this, I think there will be a federation in the future, including China, India, Myanmar, Sikkim, Afghanistan and other countries. .”
Nehru
The US-Soviet Reaction
After talking about Nehru’s grief, the other thing to talk about is the “abnormal” behavior of the United States and the Soviet Union.
1962 was in the midst of the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union, and it is worth mentioning that the first stage of our counterattack against India happened to be the "climax" of the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis. It stands to reason that the United States and the Soviet Union are eager for each other to "die" at the moment. As a result, the United States and the Soviet Union are still in a tense "nuclear game", but how do they know that a crisis has just ended, and the two countries "sincerely cooperate", one Put pressure on China one after the other.
Before the war, in order to win over India, the Soviet Union gave India 15 divisions of arms. After the start of the self-defense counterattack against India, the Soviet Union did not allow China to counterattack against India, and in the Sino-Soviet debate Said "China is the real hegemony ".
US-Soviet hegemony
Compared to the Soviet Union's verbal pressure, the US's support to India is more direct. The United States has incited public opinion in the western world and slandered China's self-defense counterattack as "foreign expansion". It also used this as an excuse to provide India with a large amount of weapons and armaments. According to the information at the time, just as our army was withdrawing at the end of the war, the transport aircraft , which was fully loaded with ordnance, had landed at the airport in Kolkata, India.
Through the attitudes at the national level, we can see the clues of the big power game . The reason why the United States and the Soviet Union stand on the side of India undoubtedly has the intention to win over India and suppress China.
Kennedy and Nehru
Indian
which was ridiculed by the crowd One voice: "Whoever wants to fight the Chinese army must be sick."
The British media also said: "The strength of the United States has not been able to win the Korean battlefield, and India is even more foolish."
And the most exciting The one who is happy is Portugal, who was beaten by the Indians in Goa. When the news of the Indian army being hanged and beaten by the People's Liberation Army spread to Portugal, Portugal, which is not as poor as a chicken, can be said to be extremely mocking in its media, believing that India deserved what it deserved, asking for its own pain, and seldom holding back against my country's self-defense counterattack. One of the Western countries with a positive attitude.
Pakistan, which is a feud with India, is not stingy in humiliating India. What is more worth mentioning is that Pakistan, after seeing the powerful combat effectiveness of the Chinese army, used the Karakoram corridor in the Kashmir region as the "Certificate of Name" started the close and friendly bilateral relationship between China and Pakistan.
