It is generally believed that cults are based on religion and are parasites of religion. Of course, it makes sense, but in China, it may not be completely correct, because cults in China occurred earlier than religions. not yet produced. Therefore, the core word of the so-called cult is evil, not religion. For cults, it is good to have a religion that can be used. If there is no existing religion, it will also create a false religion. Therefore, religion is not the basis for the occurrence of cults. Chinese cults are particularly keen to encroach on state power, and their cult leaders are particularly eager to become emperors. No matter how big or small they are, regardless of their wealth or wealth, as long as a cult is founded, the cult leader's ambitions will expand dramatically, and they will launch armed violence against the state power. This is a cult riot. Such cult riots have occurred frequently in Chinese history, which is rare in other countries and regions.
The earliest cult turmoil occurred in the Eastern Han Dynasty , initiated by the three brothers of Juluren Zhangjiao . Zhang Jiao founded a cult organization called "Tai Ping Dao", which used the method of practicing qigong inner alchemy to gather believers , and created a huge cult organization covering the whole country. This organization is completely under the command of Jiao Zhanjiao, and it is agreed that on a certain year, month, and day, the whole country will start at the same time, invade Chang'an , and support Zhang Jiao to be the emperor, called "Changtian is dead, Huangtian will stand." Zhang Jiao had thirty-six parties, and each “party” had 6,000 to 10,000 disciples, all of whom were trained armed fighters, called “ Yellow Turbans ”. It can be seen from this that the total number of the Yellow Turbans may reach 200,000 to 300,000, exceeding the number of standing soldiers of the Han Empire.If there is no accident, it is very sure to seize the state power, because the eunuchs in the palace who actually hold the highest power in the country have been developed into cultists, and they are ready to open the city gates when the Yellow Turbans attack the imperial city. Collusion, the fall of the capital is only a matter of time. The empire has organized a series of clean-up campaigns. Although the Yellow Turban riots have been quelled, the vitality of the empire has been severely damaged, and China has entered the era of warlord melee and the separation of the Three Kingdoms. The lesson of this cult riot is extremely profound. As soon as the cult came out, it had amazing effects. The edifice built by the feudal emperor for hundreds of years was easily overthrown by a few illiterate gangsters. The incident was so sudden that the leaders of the Han Empire still It was too late to clear the experience and lessons of the cult army, although Huang Tian did not stand up, but Cang Tian died. Therefore, the Chinese imperial courts of all dynasties were particularly concerned about the rebellion of cults, and they were willing to spend their efforts.
The second wave of cult riots occurred during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Northern Dynasty Tuoba Wei , a monk named "Faqing", claimed that was the lower realm of "Maitreya Buddha" and founded "Maayana". The basic tenet of Mahayana is to ask believers to kill, and to conduct performance appraisals on believers on a regular basis. According to the number of murders, their status in the religion is determined. Faqing, in the identity of Maitreya Buddha, said that the status of believers in the religion is constantly changing, but the general trend is rising. If you join the Mahayana religion, you have to kill people, and killing people will automatically escalate. The ultimate destination of believers is to become Buddha or Bodhisattva. The Buddha is higher than the Bodhisattva, and the Buddha and the Bodhisattva are also divided into classes, and the first level is "one dwelling". "Killing one person is a Bodhisattva of one dwelling, and killing ten people is a Bodhisattva of ten dwellings." The method of "accumulating merit by killing people" has been adopted by cults of all dynasties, until the cult Almighty God still adheres to the principle of accumulating merit by killing people. The believers hoped to occupy a favorable position in the future Paradise of Elysium, so they all turned their heads and became thugs who would kill without blinking an eye.It needs to be specially pointed out here that cult killing is not limited to target targets. Taking Faqing's Mahayana teaching as an example, they advocate "kill one person" and "kill ten people" without specific directions. As long as you kill someone, no matter who he kills, the elderly, women, or children, and members of the church. Or for officers, soldiers and common people, the killings will accumulate merit and escalate. This also creates favorable conditions for the cult to launch a rebellion. Believers are particularly concerned about their status in the organization. A believer of Almighty God has not been promoted in the organization and is angry with his own child, who was killed by his so-called mother shortly after birth. For the sake of accumulating merit, the cultists kill the old and the weak, and their relatives are the first choice, because it is easier to kill these people, and the resistance they encounter is small. By doing so, they increase the danger of the collapse of the social order and form religious terrorism.
Two years later, cults in China have become more frequent. In the late Eastern Jin DynastySun En's "Five Dows of Rice Dao", with the belief that one can live forever to lure people into the religion, a large number of people were seduced by Sun En and joined the religion to become a cult army, which, like the Yellow Turban Army, reached hundreds of thousands of people. Sun En called himself "General Zhengdong", and established various high-level official positions, such as Shangshu, Taiwei, Tingwei, Duwei, etc., and announced that his followers would have longevity. The temptation of "longevity" was too great, so the people flocked to follow Sun En. Taking advantage of the instability of the Eastern Jin regime and the unrest among the people, Sun En led the crowd to attack Kuaiji from the island, killing Wang Ningzhi. Most of the in Zhejiang Province fell into the hands of the cult army, and there were believers lurking in the capital, ready to respond to Sun En's chaotic army. The imperial court sent heavy troops to attack Sun En, and Sun En decided to retreat. What happened at this time was horrifying, and you can see how deeply the cult has hurt people."If a woman is too tired to go, she throws the baby into the water, and says, 'Hey you go to the fairy hall first, and I will find you after I find you.'" If you hadn't joined a cult, who would have been so mad! Sun En led more than 200,000 men and women to retreat to the island. Soon Sun En made a comeback and broke through Guangling, the capital, Jiankang, and the government strengthened coastal defenses. Believers believe that he became a fairy in the water, a "narcissus".
The Sui Dynasty cult once launched an attempted palace seizure. Several monks in white clothes want to enter the palace to assassinate, kill the emperor, and declare themselves emperor. These fake monks were interrogated and found to be practicing the Fa on the spot, but this simple and direct way of seizing power was copied. A thousand years later, during the three years of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, Lin Qing directed 200 people to attack the Forbidden City. Lin Qing also has an eunuch as an inner responder, and the leader of the eunuch team who is an inner responder is promised that after the event is completed, he can be the eunuch supervisor, just like the status of Li Lianying later. The East and West Huamen acted at the same time, but because a group of people from Donghuamen clashed with the coal truck, the weapons in the vegetable basket fell out, and most of them were captured. Xihuamen fought alone and was completely annihilated. This incident has left two lessons for history. First, the power of cults is immeasurable, and it may have swelled to an astonishing level when the mainstream society was unaware. Second, cults and their power It doesn't matter, it takes the initiative to attack the society in any situation. The combination of the two means that a cult will definitely launch anti-social violence, whether it has the ability or not.
The cult turmoil in the Song Dynasty had the greatest impact on Fang La. Historical records say: "Fang La was born with a number of monsters. One day, he looked at the shadows at the stream, and he saw that his crown was like a king, so he was conceited, so he trusted the left way to confuse the public. The county's Zitong and Bangyuan caves, They all fell into the secluded and dangerous places in the valley, where the people and goods were numerous, and the merchants and merchants converged. The disturbance of the flower and stone gangs, so because the people could not bear it, they took the poor and idle people, and gave them alms. More than a hundred people will drink it.” The basic masses of Fang La’s rebellion were the most rude and rogue group of rogues. Fang La wanted to rebel against a cult, and Fang Youchang, a fellow villager, sent his son to the government to report it. Fang La was furious and killed 42 members of Fang Youchang’s family. He also excavated and destroyed the tomb of Fang Youchang’s ancestor, dug up the bones and threw them into the cesspool Soak for a day and a night, then take out and burn the bones with white charcoal fire, then put the ashes into a bamboo tube, and throw them up the mountain, so that it does not leave any traces. Historical records say that Fang La "has no virtue and no merit, and he committed a great treason, so he attacked Yilun". On the great treason, it refers to the rebellion of the cult. Then he directed Yilun, referring to Fangla killing the people and excavating the tombs of the same clan. In short, once a cult becomes evil, it can do anything bad. After Fang La rebelled, he plundered the girls, confiscated their clothes, hid them in the mountains, and humiliated them day and night. Some women escaped from the cave, ashamed to go home, and hanged themselves in the forest. According to historical records, after Fang La was exterminated, the officers found countless naked female corpses hanging from trees in the mountains. Fang La is a demon that is rarely seen in cults.
After the Ming Dynasty, cult activities broke out, and cult riots became more frequent. The main ideology of the cults of the Ming and Qing dynasties is the birthless mother and Maitreya Buddha. Some cults believe in them separately, and some cults believe in both, bringing together Buddha and Dao, and the most influential one is the Longhua Association.The "Treasure Scroll" of the Longhua Association said: "The old mother in the Eight Treasures of Lingshan Biyun Palace, divided 9.6 billion spiritual lights, and transformed the world into 9.6 billion people. She is the mother's 9.6 billion imperial daughter. Unexpectedly, the children They are greedy for wine, sex and wealth and refuse to look back, sinking into the sea of misery. For the mother (the lifeless mother), the heart is burning, and the Taishang Laojun , the transformation of the three emperors to rule the world, the first Qingyang conference, and the return of 200 million yuan to the west , This is the first meeting of Longhua. After more than a thousand years, he sent Shakyamuni Buddha to be reborn in the Jewish state, reincarnated as a prince, worshipped the lantern and became his avenue. India's country opened to Pudu, recovered 200 million spiritual roots, and ascended to bliss together. This is the second time of Longhua. From now to the end of the third period, my grandmother sent the ancestor of Zhenwu, and the number is the naive ancient Buddha. The poor family ruled the world for Maitreya, held the Baiyang Conference, and rescued all the 9.2 billion imperial fetuses and daughters back to heaven. After that, the old mother no longer sent people to save the world, this is the last chance. Who doesn't sound familiar? It turns out that cults always say this, my sect is the last chance, after this village there is no such shop, come join my organization, come practice my gong, until Li Hongzhi's "last move", still in Playing this gimmick. Taishang Laojun and Buddha Sakyamuni have poor kung fu and slow efficiency. The two worlds and the Buddha have only saved 400 million people, and there are 9.2 billion people on earth struggling in the sea of misery. But it doesn’t matter, Maitreya Buddha Come on, as for who is Maitreya Buddha, this is a very simple matter: whoever said this is Maitreya Buddha. So since the Northern Wei Dynasty, hundreds of Maitreya Buddhas were born in China and joined the "Ninety Two" So many Maitreya Buddhas have come, why are the royal daughters still suffering in this chaotic world, and they are still 9.2 billion today? It can be seen that those "Buddhas" are all fake, but The last Maitreya is "I," and I'm sure it's true.
In addition to Maitreya's belief and the belief in lifeless mothers, there are also cults developed from folk witchcraft, such as the smell of incense and the Yuandun. In the late Ming Dynasty, Wang Sen founded Wenxiang Sect in Luanzhou , and in the past few years believers have spread all over the northern provinces of China. The leader, Wang Sen, made it up that he once saved a fox. "The demon fox is grateful, and the tail is broken." What are the benefits of fox tail , it turns out that fox tail has a strange fragrance, Wang Sen created a cult based on fox tail, called "smelling fragrance". Wang Sen appointed leaders in various provinces to collect offerings for him. Wang Sen and his family soon became local tyrants. Scent of Scent is based on alchemy and . The purpose of accumulating money is to better support alchemy. That fox tail is the finishing touch of pill , which is very magical. But later, Wang Sen was keen on politics, so he gave up alchemy and made a lot of money. Organizing religious riots, he was designated as a cult by Chao Yan, and he was strictly arrested. In the nineteenth year of Jiaqing, the sect of Wenxiang Sect received Fang Rongsheng, a member of Yuan Sect, to print scriptures in , Anhui , and printed a large number of anonymous posts, which were widely distributed to officials and civilians at all levels, advocating "the three religions should be robbed" and the end of the world. , Chao Yan strictly ordered the ban, Fang Rongsheng and 35 people led by them were delayed or executed. In the case of prosecuting the court, the Wang clan was captured as the leader of the missionaries, and 7 people were slaughtered. Others were beheaded and exiled as slaves. The cult system was basically destroyed in the mainland . After Wang Sen's death, the third son, Wang Haoxian, inherited the religious power, Wang Haoxian inherited the religious power, and also inherited the political ambition of the leader. Xu Hongru and others organized a riot, the riot was quelled, and Wang Haoxian fled south with his wife, concubine and son. Arrested in Yangzhou, sent to Beijing , Ling Chi executed.
Yuanton Teaching is a branch of Wenxiang Teaching. The characteristic of Yuanton Teaching is to promote " ascends to the sky in one step and ". In the early Qing Dynasty, it spread all over the country and became a large group of cults. It spread to the northwest branch. It was the most powerful and active among the local folk religions. In the early days, the leader Wang Fulin used the Yuandun sect to deceive money, and he did not show many signs of evil. Those who joined the sect did not gather, but only cultivated individually. , one step at a time. In the 43rd year of Qianlong's reign, Wang Fulin suddenly decided to make an armed riot, followed by more than 2,000 churchgoers and those under threat. Wang Fulin claimed to have magical powers, claiming that his mother and sister were gods and gods who helped him succeed. He was not afraid of swords and guns, not afraid of fire and water. . Wang Fulin, relying on the large number of people, decided to attack Hezhou first and then Lanzhou. The Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu sent troops to encircle and suppress the rebels. As soon as the battle was fought, the rebels disbanded. Wang Fulin, his mother and sister were all killed in the chaotic army, and more than 1,000 followers and participants were killed.
In the sixth year of Jiaqing, Baoji , Qishan , and Yuandun churchmen gathered together in the name of "Quiet Club" to rebel. It is still the old routine of "one step to the sky". Officers and soldiers encircled and suppressed more than 2,500 people who were killed, captured or committed suicide. In the tenth year of Jiaqing’s reign, Shi Ci, the leader of the sect, preached in order to get rich. Those who joined the sect paid 1,000 or 2,000 or dozens of wen. After the incident, more than 100 people including Shi Ci were sentenced to various punishments such as beheading and exile. Since then, the Yuandun cult has been active underground. During the period of the Republic of China, the Yuandun Church organized local hooligans and became a special force for traitors. They also joined Yiguandao and others in an attempt to overthrow the Communist Party.In recent years, there are still Yuantun teaching activities, such as Xu Chengjiang's Yuantun Method.
The Yuandun Church also advocates that its sect is the "last move" in the world, and there is no such shop except in this village. It has caused chaos many times in the Shaanxi and Gansu generation, and has a huge impact. The influence of Yuandun religion does not stop there. It was successfully resurrected in the 20th century. Taoist alchemy has been proved to be false. Yuandun sect took over the inner alchemy of Taoism, and borrowed the Buddhist term "Yuandun" to "reach the sky in one step". "As bait, gather the masses and form a powerful cult. This is the pseudo-qigong that has been popular in China for 20 years in the 20th century. The inner alchemy of the Yuandun Sect was regarded as Qigong by later cult leaders, but the basic essentials remained the same. Yuandun taught that there are ten steps in inner alchemy cultivation, which is the same as the practice of qigong, and the effect is the same. At the eighth step, it is almost a god among mortals, and it is only one step away from soaring in the sky, which can understand those false Qigong fans are obsessed with why they should try their best to protect qigong and their leader. Seeing that they are about to soar in the daytime, the government suddenly intervenes. What is this? It is also understandable why educational transformation is difficult. They get a wonderful feeling that they have never experienced in the psychedelic state of the Yuandun Church. In fact, this is their spiritual drug addiction. Such drug use, it is more difficult to quit than drug withdrawal. Some cult addicts are still obsessed after the disintegration of the cult, and try to find another cult to continue their superstition and obsession, just like drug addicts, when the heroin is gone, they take opium or ice. In this sense, Marx's statement that religion is the opium of the people makes a lot of sense, at least for the cult-obsessed, and this conclusion is solid.
Women are not far behind in founding and leading cults in China. Chen Shuo was really a witch in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. She was unwilling to be lonely and was going to rebel and do a great cause. In order to expand his influence, Chen Shuozhen claimed that he was about to become immortal and bid farewell to his neighbors.She plans to live in seclusion for a period of time before appearing as a "fairy". Her in-law Zhang Shuyin has been promoting Chen Shuozhen as an immortal, returning to the human world from the heavenly realm. Now his mana is boundless and unpredictable, capable of driving ghosts and gods. Various miracles prove that what Zhang Shuyin said is true. Of course, these miracles were all pretending to be ghosts by Chen Shuozhen and her comrades. This propaganda was very effective, and a large number of believers soon gathered around Chen Shuozhen. Chen Shuozhen and Zhang Shuyin divided their troops into two groups, and captured Tonglu, Muzhou and other counties. Chen Shuozhen's 2,000 troops captured the capital of Muzhou and its affiliated counties, and the people from all over Muzhou responded in groups, and the religious army quickly grew to tens of thousands. Chen Shuozhen took advantage of the victory to attack Anhui and attacked Shezhou , with great momentum, so Chen Shuozhen called himself " Wenjia emperor ", set up hundreds of officials, serious court ceremonies, just like a generation of emperors. The Tang government sent a large army to suppress it, and Chen Shuozhen and others were captured and executed. Chen Shuo is really the first female emperor in Chinese history. She called herself emperor earlier than Wu Zetian. Although her emperor dream was only for a month. There are far more females than males in contemporary cults. From the Chen Shuozhen incident, we can see some clues. In cults, the appeal of women may sometimes be greater than that of men.
After Chen Shuozhen, there were some women who started to rebel against demons.
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Tang Saier, a rural woman in Putai, Shandong, made a living by fortune-telling, fortune telling and matchmaking. Because of her good fortune telling, she was touted as a star, so she called herself "Buddha Mother". The mother of the Buddha, Tang Saier, rebelled under the banner of the popular "white lotus religion" at that time, and moved to Shandong, where the official army could not control it. Tang Saier didn't necessarily want to rebel at the beginning, it was her "miracle" that inspired her to burst into confidence.She, a middle-aged woman in the countryside, suddenly became a holy figure, and she had to make rain and wind, so she believed that she was indeed extraordinary and wanted to do a great job. In China, of course, the biggest cause is to rebel and overthrow the current emperor and replace him himself. After the praise of the disciples, as well as their own psychological hints, the sect leader's ambitions are inflated, and there are often some accidental events at play here, such as the occurrence of some "miracles", indicating that the sect leader should obey the mandate of heaven and win the hearts of the people. So the sect leader obeyed the mandate of heaven and made troubles. Some scholars call them "stupid crimes". The people in this gang deceive each other, and as a result, they are deceived by each other, and their power is infinitely exaggerated.
There were many cults and sects in the Qing Dynasty, and their activities were the most frequent. In addition to the incident of Lin Qing's gossip teaching the Forbidden City's seizure of the palace mentioned above, there are also so-called "armed uprisings" in various places.
China's theistic religion actually manifests itself as pantheism. The so-called "pan-god" means that people are the center, and all the gods "work" for me. I should worship God, because I need God, and God should work for me, because I need God to work for me, If God doesn't work for me, of course I won't worship him. This pragmatic view of religion can easily be exploited by cults, because cults have huge promises and are very attractive to pantheists. These people fled and returned to Mo, or escaped and returned to Yang. Yangzi and Mozi are diametrically opposed on the surface, but they are actually the same. Religion and cult are incompatible, but for everyone, whether religious or cult, a fundamental change of position may occur. (Wang Qinghuai, Professor of at the People's Public Security University of China, now a professor at the People's Public Security University of China, author of "The History of Chinese Cults")
Source: China Anti-cult
