On the night of October 21, 1542 AD, an unheard of anecdote occurred in the Ming Dynasty. On that day, the 11th emperor of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Houxuan was asleep in Yikun Palace, and suddenly felt that someone was holding him tightly. Zhu Hou熜 was shocked and opened his eyes to see that there were seven or eight court ladies holding their heads, chests, arms, legs and feet, and then another court lady wrapped a flower rope around her neck.
Zhu Houxun has already reacted at this time, these palace ladies are about to strangle themselves!
In the imperial city of Ming Dynasty, on the emperor's couch, there was a group of court ladies who wanted to murder the emperor. It was unimaginable.
Zhu Houxuan was about to yell, his mouth was gagged by the cloth group, he struggled desperately, but there were too many people on the other side, Zhu Houxuan did not expect that he would be the emperor for more than 20 years, and he would eventually die at the hands of these maidservants . However, the next "accident" happened. The maidservants were too nervous and hurriedly tied the rope into a knot, and could not strangle the emperor on the bed. The maids were so anxious that they had to take off the hairpin to stab the emperor. At this moment, a palace lady was scared, and secretly told the queen, brought people over to subdue them all.
This is the famous " Renyin Palace change ". The emperor Zhu Houhu who was assassinated in the palace change, also known as Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, was called the Emperor Jiajing because his reign was Jiajing .
"The History of the Ming Dynasty·The Benji of Sejong" recorded this incident very simply:
Dingyou in October in winter, the palace people conspired to rebel.
During the Jiajing period, there was an imperial physician named Xu Shen, who recorded in the "Ming History·Xu Shen Biography" in more detail:
Twenty years,The maidservant Yang Jinying and others conspired to conquer the emperor with silk, and his anger was gone. The gentry hurriedly adjusted the medicine, and the medicine was administered at the hour of the hour, and he suddenly made a sound when he went to the purple blood for a few liters. Then he could speak, and healed with a few more doses.
It turned out that the head of the court lady who conspired to rebel was Yang Jinying. They assassinated the emperor, only a little bit away from success. Emperor Jiajing was "out of breath" and was unconscious, but was later rescued by Xu Shen.
In fact, Emperor Jiajing not only escaped from an extinction, but he lived for another 24 years. Among nearly 500 emperors in ancient China, Jiajing reigned for a total of 45 years and ranked 10th.
The Renyin Palace Reform had a great influence on Emperor Jiajing. From then on, he lived alone in Xiyuan and devoted himself to cultivating Taoism, which opened the prelude to the emperor’s "not going to court". Although he did not go to court, every corner of the Ming Dynasty was under his control.
Regarding the Jiajing Emperor Zhu Houxuan, there has been a lot of controversy in history. Mingyue once commented that he was the smartest emperor of the Ming Dynasty, but Meng Sen thought he was a faint emperor.
Hai Rui once said, "Jiajing Jiajing, every house is clean." What kind of person was the Jiajing Emperor in history? The author of this article starts from the official history and tells the "wonderful" emperor.
1. The difference between an emperor and a prince
Since the founding of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Dynasty has had three abnormal inheritances. The first time was after the Battle of Jingnan, Zhudi replaced The nephew Zhu Yun is stewed. The second time was after the change of the Tumu Fortress, Zhu Qiyu replaced his brother Zhu Qizhen (8 years later, Ming Yingzong was restored). The third time happened to Zhu Houhou, the protagonist of this article.
Back then, after Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen initiated the change of seizing the door,Replaced the younger brother Zhu Qiyu . Eight years later, Yingzong collapsed and his eldest son was Zhu Jianshen (Ming Xianzong). Zhu Jianshen's posthumous biography is located in the third son Zhu Youzhan (Ming Xiaozong), Zhu Youzhan [chēng] is a rare Ming prince in the history of the Ming Dynasty, who created the "Hongzhi Zhongxing", and at the same time, Zhu Youzhan is a rare place in history. The emperor who insisted on "monogamy" had no other concubines in his harem except Empress Zhang. For this reason, Zhu Youzhan's heirs were very thin.
Zhu Youtong had two sons, both of which were born to Empress Zhang. The second son, , Zhu Houwei, died at birth, and only the eldest son, , Zhu Houzhao (Ming Wuzong) a son. After Zhu Houzhao ascended the throne, he put down the Ning King's rebellion. Unexpectedly, he died at the age of 31 and left no children.
For Ming Wuzong Zhu Houzhao, he was misunderstood in history, so this article does not comment on Zhu Huzhao. Through the above introduction, I want to tell you two points:
First, Ming Wuzong Zhu Huzhao has no sons;
Second, Ming Wuzong Zhu Huzhao has no brothers.
So, in March of the 16th year of Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty (1521), when the Ming Wuzong Zhu Hou's license died, something very embarrassing happened. In ancient times, the inheritance of the throne was either "father to die and son to succeed" or "brother to last brother". Ming Wuzong had no sons and no brothers. To whom should the throne be passed?
historical records,Ming Wuzong Zhu Houzhao died of pneumonia on his way back to Beijing after the suppression of the Ningwang Rebellion. It took only two months from illness to death. He did not think that he could not overcome the illness at first, and when he realized that he had no cure, it was too late to have his sons and daughters. Ming Wuzong is not a fool. According to " Ming History Chronicles · Volume Fifty" records:
Wuzong has no children, and the impending edict said: "I have inherited the ancestor Piye for ten or seven years. There is a lonely emperor. Entrusted, but in order to win people, the clan and the society depend on the people. The emperor Xiaozongjing's brother Xingxian Wang's eldest son is thick, clever and benevolent, morality is successful, and morality is in order..."
In other words Before his death, Zhu Huzhao, the Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, knew that the inheritance of the throne would be embarrassing after his death, so he left his last words. The son of his uncle (Xingwang Zhu Youzhu) Zhu Houzhu is the closest relative to his own bloodline, "Lun Xudang" Li". This matter was finally approved by the Queen Mother. After urgent consultations, the ministers quickly sent someone to pick up Zhu Houhu.
Why did Zhu Houzhao pass the throne to Zhu Houxu? There are two reasons.
First, Ming Wuzong Zhu Houzhao and Zhu Houhuang are cousins, Zhu Houhu’s father Zhu Youzhu is Zhu Jianshen’s fourth son, because of Ming Xiaozong Zhu Youzhan is Zhu Jianshen’s third son, because Zhu Jianshen’s first two sons They all died, so Zhu Youzhu's bloodline is the closest to that of Ming Wuzong.
Second, Zhu Houxuan's older brother died early. He was Zhu Youzhu's only son. He was established as the first son of King Xing long ago. Before the death of Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Houxuan had already inherited the throne of King Xing.
Note that in the last words of Ming Wuzong, he only said that Zhu Houhuang "Lunxu shall be established", which meant that Zhu Houhuang should be the emperor, but he did not say what identity Zhu Houhuang should be the emperor. Because of the emergency, cabinet chief assistant Yang Tinghe wrote the edict urgently, so he sent someone to pick up Zhu Houxuan, but he didn't realize the loophole, so Zhu Houxun took advantage of .
After the death of Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, the Empress Dowager Zhang and Yang Ting and sent scholars , Liang Chu, ritual book , Mao Cheng, and others went to Anlu to receive the king of Xing Zhu Houhuang came to Beijing to ascend the throne, and Zhu Houxuan accepted the throne. After bowing, bid farewell to his mother Jiang and set off immediately.
On the road from Anlu to the capital, Zhu Houxuan has made up his mind that he must not be Haiyunhou Liu He , but to be an emperor who is not constrained by anyone.
I heard that the new emperor was about to arrive in the capital, and the ministers were all ready to meet him. Unexpectedly, there was a big problem next. The Ministry of Rites asked Zhu Houxuan to enter the palace as a "prince prince", but Zhu Houxuan questioned:
"I am the emperor, not a prince." (from "Ming Dynasty · Sejong Benji")
including the first span Yang Tinghe and others believed that since Zhu Houhuang came to the throne, of course he had to succeed as the son of Ming Xiaozong and the younger brother of Ming Wuzong. However, Zhu Houhu said: Strong1strong did not say that in the will. I came to be the emperor, not the son of someone else (Xiaozong).
Everyone was deadlocked there. Yang Ting and Zhu Houxuan entered the imperial city from Donghuamen , and Zhu Houxuan had to enter from Damingmen .In the Ming Dynasty, Donghua Gate was the route for the Crown Prince to enter the palace, while Daming Gate was the southern gate, the "national gate", where the emperor entered the palace.
Zhu Houxuan finally put in a sentence: If I were not allowed to enter the palace from Daming Gate, I would return to Anlu and continue to be a vassal king. I was wrong with this emperor.
Just kidding, all the wills were read out, and the ministers also kowtowed too much. If you don’t do it, don’t do it, the majestic Ming Dynasty , wouldn’t it be a laughingstock? But Zhu Houhu didn't care about this, he didn't care about the face of the Ming Dynasty, he only cared about his own interests. Finally, Empress Dowager Zhang felt that a stalemate would not be the way to go. She decided to give in and first go to the emperor ascended the throne. Therefore, Zhu Houhou entered the palace from the Daming Gate and formally ascended the throne as emperor, changing the next year as the first year of Jiajing.
This year Zhu Houhu was only 15 years old. He is not only smart, but also cunning.
2. Great rites and careful thoughts
Since most emperors have only had one reign since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it is customary to refer to the emperor’s reign as the emperor. For example, "Kangxi" is used to refer to Xuan Ye. Similarly, for Zhu Houhou, later generations used to call it "Jiajing".
During the Jiajing period, the most influential event was the "grand ceremony" event. The root of this matter is not only the dispute between "Huang Kao" and "Uncle Emperor", but also the careful thinking of Emperor Jiajing, because he wants to get rid of other people's constraints.
After Jiajing ascended the throne, he immediately summoned the Minister of Ritual, and asked the Ministry of Ritual to discuss the title of his biological father Zhu Youzhu. The chief minister of the cabinet Yang Tinghe, Shangshu Mao Cheng, and others believed that the line of Ming Xiaozong Zhu Youzhan was originally a major clan, and Zhu Youzhu’s line was a minor clan. Now that Jiajing uses a minor clan to succeed the major clan, it is inevitable to respect his biological father Zhu Youzhan as "uncle". , Respected Ming Xiaozong Zhu Youzhan as the "huangkao". Yang Tinghe even used the "Pu Yi" example of Yingzong in the Northern Song Dynasty to persuade Emperor Jiajing.
However, Jiajing insisted that the emperor's status was clearly stated in the edict. Since he is the emperor, he can respect his biological father as the emperor. In other words, he inherited the throne as the grandson of Ming Xianzong Zhu Jianshen,He did not succeed as the son of Ming Xiaozong Zhu Youzhan. Jiajing not only respects his father Zhu Youzhu as the emperor, but also respects his mother as the queen mother.
Mao Cheng, Shang Shu of the Ministry of Rites, of course disagreed. He led more than 60 officials to attack Jiajing. According to the "Ming Dynasty: The Biography of Mao Cheng", Mao Cheng said:
"Professing the name of the'nephew emperor'...If you disagree, you will be a treacherous evil, and you should be cut."
Put down the cruel words, if someone raises an objection, he will be punishable.
As a result, the emperor and the ministers refused to yield to each other, resulting in a stalemate. During this period, Yang Tinghe and Mao Cheng also lowered their stance and made some compromises. For example, Mao Cheng proposed that as long as Jiajing gave birth to two sons in the future, and the first son continued the Ming Dynasty ancestral temple, the second son could inherit the incense from his biological father Zhu Youzhu. But this suggestion is far from what Jiajing wanted. Jiajing just didn't want to "wrong" his biological father, not worried that his biological father would cut off the incense.
In order to achieve this goal, Jiajing also tried to appease Yang Tinghe, Mao Cheng and others. For example, the "Ming History·Yang Tinghe Biography" records:
However, if you want to be more certain when you call the court and give tea comfortably, Tinghe The pawn refused to shun the emperor.
Jiajing called Yang Tinghe into the palace many times, and gave him tea to give him a good life and comfort. He hoped that Yang Tinghe could give himself a face. Unfortunately, Yang Tinghe "refused to follow the emperor's instructions." Jiajing also sent people to bribe Mao Cheng, but Mao Cheng didn't give face.
Now that the emperor and the ministers are upset, of course the smart Jiajing emperor understands that he can’t lose. If he loses, he won’t let the civil servants decide in the future? Therefore, he has to force the ministers to make concessions step by step. Specifically, Jiajing has taken a total of three steps:
The first step,Throw stones for directions. Jiajing uses Zhang Cong to build momentum. Zhang Cong is a new technology veteran, and he has no backstage. It doesn't matter. He uses the big ceremony to discuss the incident and wants to hold Jiajing's thigh. When Jiajing was arguing with the ministers, he once put forward the argument of "inheriting the reign without heir", which was favored by Jiajing.
Zhang Cong’s view is: Yang Tinghe’s comparison between Jiajing and Song Yingzong is simply untenable. Song Yingzong is the adopted son of Song Renzong , and has long been named “adopted son”. However, Ming Xiaozong Zhu Youzhe never raised Jiajing for a day. Jiajing was the nephew of Ming Xiaozong from the beginning. In addition, the first emperor's edict did not say that Jiajing should be adopted to Ming Xiaozong. Therefore, Jiajing emperor respected his biological father as the emperor. There is a problem. nothing.
Zhang Cong not only suggested that Jiajingzun's biological father should be the emperor, but he also suggested that his biological father should be the emperor. After seeing Zhang Cong's memorial, Emperor Jiajing was overjoyed:
"This argument, my father and son are all won!"
But Zhang Cong's power is very small after all, and Jiajing needs to do the second step.
The second step is to knock the mountain and shake the tiger. Jiajing sent people to Anlu to welcome his birth mother Jiang to Beijing, and he greeted the birth mother with the courtesy of the Queen Mother. At that time, Zhu Youzhan's Queen Mother was still there. Jiajing did this and was strongly opposed by Yang Tinghe and others. Unexpectedly, Jiajing was picking up her son again. The "End of Ming History Chronicle" said:
The Empress Dowager Cisheng is willing to avoid her position and return to her mother, and the officials are terrified.
Jiajing cried to the Empress Dowager Zhang, saying that he would rather not be an emperor, but also a filial son. If the minister disagrees with his request, he will return to Anlu with his mother. When the ministers saw this, they were terrified.
In other words,Jiajing used "filial piety" as a cover and "resigned from the throne" as a threat to force the Empress Dowager Zhang and Yang Tinghe to submit. In the end, it really achieved the goal.
In fact, Jiajing's ability to receive her birth mother to the palace with the gift of the Queen Mother proves that the civil servants have lost.
The third step is to draw salary from the bottom of the tank. In the first month of the third year of Jiajing, Zhu Houhuang used Zhang Cong and others to continue to build momentum for himself, and then proposed to honor his biological father Zhu Youjian as the emperor and the emperor. Yang Tinghe's protest was invalid, and Jiajing didn't even want to stay. Since then, the civil official group has become weaker again.
In March, Jiajing later named Zhu Youzhu as the "Emperor of the Living Emperor Gongmuxian". Note that during the Qing Dynasty, Guangxu's father, Yizheng, was "the prince of Emperor Bensheng test alcohol and sage". In fact, the word "Bengsheng" only means that the two are biological fathers and sons. In essence, they are still euphemistically admit that Jiajing passed on to Ming Xiaozong. Yes, so Jiajing thinks he has given in.
But the ministers still disagreed. Because when Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty issued the decree, it was in the early dynasty. Baiguan knelt at the door of the Wenhua Hall and asked Jiajing to take his life back. Yang Tinghe’s son, , one of the “Three Talents of the Ming Dynasty” Yang Shen even appealed:
National guardians for one hundred and fifty years, uphold the morals and righteousness and die, just today. (From "History of Ming Dynasty")
So the famous "Zuo Shunmen case" occurred.
Jiajing heard the cries of the ministers outside the Wenhua Hall, so he ordered the eunuchs to deliver the decree and let the ministers retreat. Where are the ministers willing to retreat. It was July and the sun was scorching, and the ministers fell to the ground and tried to force Jiajing to submit. Jiajing couldn't bear it and ordered Jin Yiwei to be arrested. As a result, the two sides led to conflicts, with hundreds of officials demoted, blamed, and imprisoned.
After three years of the big ceremony and discussion event, the Jiajing emperor used both soft and hard, pressing on step by step.In the end, he was not afraid of threats, and forced the end with Thunder's means, and finally achieved his wish. (In the seventeenth year of Jiajing, Jiajing enshrined Zhu Youzhu on the Taimiao, before the Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty. This means that Jiajing won the final victory.)
Most of the old ministers lost, Jiajing's position in the Ming Dynasty was deeply entrenched, and the "strong character" of the civil official group did not exist.
III. Asking for immortality and asking for help
To be fair, in the first few years of Jiajing's reign, in addition to the "great etiquette dispute", he still made some achievements in other areas. For example, Jiajing reformed bad governance and rehabilitated many unjust cases during the Wuzong period of the Ming Dynasty. He also amnesty the world and reduce or exempt people's land tax. During the Wuzong period of the Ming Dynasty, the common people owed more taxes to the court, and Jiajing issued an edict to exempt all these debts.
Many people believe that many of the political achievements in the early years of Jiajing were promoted by the old ministers left by Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, such as Yang Tinghe and others. In addition, Jiajing pardons criminals and reduces taxes, which is suspected of bribing people's hearts.
However, the author believes that to evaluate a person, one should not condemn one's heart. No matter what Jiajing's purpose is, as long as he does practical things for the people, he must recognize his achievements.
Emperor Jiajing was a very smart man. After he sat on the throne of the emperor, he soon discovered that the power of the eunuch was too powerful and the power of the factory guard was too extensive. As a result, Jiajing began to restrain the eunuchs, restrain the powers of the director of ceremonies, and clarified the powers of the factory guard and the legal department. In addition, Jiajing also did two important things:
First, clearly reform the system of rewards for relatives. Since the reign of Ren Xuan in the Ming Dynasty, many foreign relatives have been rewarded, and some foreign relatives have no credit, and can obtain hereditary titles based on their status alone. Jiajing thinks this is unreasonable. He stipulated that the title of the relatives of the Ming Dynasty " shall make one person life, and his descendants shall not inherit the title ", which can be said to be of far-reaching significance.
Second, Jiajing purged the imperial examination system and implemented the three methods. The so-called " three-way ",That is, recommendation, recruitment, and Kejia three different talent selection methods, making the selection of talents in the Ming Dynasty more flexible.
Therefore, in the first few years when Jiajing was in power, he was also an accomplished monarch. "History of the Ming Dynasty" states:
(Sejong) At the beginning of the imperial era, he tried his best to eliminate all bad governance, and the world was ruled.
Throughout history, almost all emperors who have been in power for a long time will be lazy in their later years. Even emperors like Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Kangxi are no exception. However, Jiajing is an exception.
The author said that Jiajing is an exception. It is not that Jiajing did not neglect its administration, but that Jiajing did not neglect its administration in his old age.
After the Daliyi incident, Jiajing, in order to promote his orthodox status, on the one hand was suspected of blackening Ming Wuzong, on the other hand, he also wanted to use Taoism to deify himself. He was superstitious of alchemists and advocated Taoism. He was the second emperor in Chinese history, apart from Song Huizong, to give himself a dao name.
Jiajing gave himself the road number " Wanshou Dijun ", hoping to prolong his life by swallowing pill, so that he can have a longer time to control the Ming Dynasty.
The Ming Dynasty was not without "understandable people." For example, Tai Puqing Yang Zui wrote a letter reprimanding the emperor for the absurdity of seeking immortals, and Jiajing was furious and nearly killed Yang Zui alive. After that, the ministers did not dare to dissuade. In order to fulfill his wish, Jiajing had many rewards for those ministers who offered Taoist priests and medicinal pills. The ministers moved after hearing the wind, and in order to flatter the emperor, they looked for alchemists and introduced them to the palace.
Jiajing is smart and smart, but it is not used in government affairs.
in the Jiajing Dynasty,There is a word called " Qingci Prime Minister". "Qingci" is a memorial written to the heavens when Taoist rituals are held. At that time, the cabinet members, such as Yan Song , Li Chunfang, Guo Pu, etc. were good at writing youthful poems for Jiajing, which is why the title of “prime minister of youthful poems” came into being. In the middle and late Ming dynasties, "non-Hanlin did not enter the cabinet." As cabinet ministers, they were all scholars in the poor window for ten years. They read poetry and books, but in the end they spent all their energy on writing youthful poems. As expected, they were "successful in learning." , Full of irony.
The "Renyin Palace Transformation" mentioned at the beginning of this article, Yang Jinying and other court ladies risked death to strangle Jiajing, which may have something to do with Taoism. However, there have been few records of palace secrets in official history. People only know the process of "Renyin Palace Change", but don't know the specific reasons.
According to historical records such as "The Mystery of Jiaotai Palace", " Forbidden City" and other historical records, Jiajing believed the alchemist's words to use the girl's menstrual blood to make alchemy and severely destroy the health of the maids. Change", but this is unofficial history.
"The Chronicles of Ming History" records:
The palace maid Yang Jinying and others conspired to punish the people, and the emperor said: "I am not relying on the heaven and earth to curb the changes in the palace, and I have the present! From the morning to the seventh day of the Chaotian Palace ."
means that after the "Renyin Palace Change", Jiajing believes that the reason why he didn't die depends on the blessing of Taoist monarchs, and then he became even more addicted to Taoism. Since then, Jiajing has been wearing Taoist gowns almost every day, concentrating on cultivating the Taoism in Xiyuan, and handing over the affairs of the government to the cabinet and the superintendent.
However, it should be noted that although Jiajing did not go to the court or even saw the ministers, his control of the Ming Dynasty did not weaken. He controlled the Dongchang and Jinyiwei behind him, and he knew every move of the ministers.
Not going to court, not attending ceremonies, not seeing ministers, and devoting himself to monasticism,But can firmly control the imperial power, Jiajing's IQ is top. It is a pity that no matter how clever the emperor is, if he is not diligent in government affairs, he will also fail the beautiful scenery.
So, in the middle and late period of Jiajing, on the one hand, the court came out in large numbers, and on the other hand, because of the overhaul of civil engineering in Jiajing, regardless of the life and death of the people, the people's livelihood in Ming Dynasty was dying and the finances were tight. The empire’s economy is already facing collapse.
4. South Japanese and North Captives can't stand it
Because of the long-term negligence, coupled with the perennial control of the government by Yan Song and other corrupt officials, corruption became a trend, the border affairs of the Ming Dynasty were abolished, and the Japanese invasion gradually rose. During the Jiajing period, there was a saying of "Southern Japanese and North Captives". Beginning in the second year of Jiajing, the Japanese pirates began to occur along the southeast coast. In the following decades, Japanese pirates continued to harass the Ming Dynasty. "History of Ming Dynasty" says:
Yisi in autumn and July, fall in Nanling, and robbery Wuhu and Taiping. Bingchen, guilty of Nanjing.
In the 34th year of Jiajing, a group of Japanese pirates with only 53 people landed from Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and ransacked Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places. Finally, they also breached several county towns and ran rampant on the land of the Ming Dynasty for more than 80 years. day. Four to five thousand soldiers died at the hands of this gang of Japanese pirates in the Ming Dynasty.
However, due to insufficient financial support from the imperial court, coupled with the strong mobility of Japanese pirates, Jiajing has not been able to get rid of the Japanese invasion for a long time.
Late Jiajing period. The appearance of Yu Dayou , Qi Jiguang and other generals gradually eliminated the Japanese pirates.
If a pirate rebellion is enough to make Jiajing a headache, then the Tartar war in the north makes Jiajing even more troubled.
After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, after , Hongwu and Yongle dynasties, he continued to use troops against Mongolia, and the Mongolian tribes were beaten by the Ming Dynasty.In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, due to the weakening of national power, the Ming Dynasty's strategy of Mongolia became passive defense. As a result, the Ming Dynasty generals and the Mongols continued to conflict. In the three years of Jiajing, the "Datong Mutiny" broke out, and in 14 years, the "Guangning Army Rebellion" broke out. At this time, the Mongolian Tatar tribe became stronger and stronger. They had 100,000 troops and constantly attacked the defense line of the Ming Dynasty. "History of Ming Dynasty" records:
(19th year of Jiajing) Xinhai, Ji Nang Kou Datong, killed commander Zhou Qi. Xia June Xinsi, Minister Walla's money plug. In the autumn of July, Guimao, the lucky bag enters the Wanquan right guard... (Jiajing 22nd year) In the spring, I dare to enter the congestion frequently. In autumn and August, guilty of Yansui... In winter, in October, Duoyan entered the bandits and killed Chen Shun.
Under the Mongolian iron cavalry, the corrupt border defense of the Ming Dynasty was like a sieve, which was beaten time and time again. In the 29th year of Jiajing, the Tatars once again led their troops to attack Datong in order to force the Ming dynasty to trade with each other. Zhang Da, the general soldier of Datong, died in battle. The newly-appointed Datong general Qiu Luan was very frightened and even paid a lot of money to bribe the Tatars, hoping that the Tatar tribe could bypass Datong and invade the Ming Dynasty from other places.
Afterwards, the Tatar Khan really "kept the promise", gave up Datong, went all the way east, and invaded from Gubeikou instead. He drove straight in and killed countless people in the Ming Dynasty. They slaughtered and plundered for eight consecutive days in Huairou and Shunyi. The soldiers and horses of the Ming dynasty collapsed when they were touched. It was not until the Tatars were full of harvest and the Ming dynasty promised to retreat their troops arrogantly. This is the famous "Gengxu Change".
South Japanese and North Japanese prisoners, the people do not live, the "Taoist" in the palace is still asking immortals, and enjoying life.
5. Forty-five years of the Fall
Jiajing was an emperor who cared very much about his personal enjoyment. Although he was devoted to cultivating, he had countless concubines. According to historical records, Jiajing has 4 queens, 3 imperial concubines, 3 imperial concubines, 41 concubines, 31 concubines, plus other low-ranking concubines who are not on the list.The total number of concubines in the harem in Jiajing is at least 200.
In addition, Jiajing especially likes to "build a house" for herself. During Yan Song's first assistantship, Jiajing successively built more than 20 secret halls of the Zhai Palace. Each time the palace was built, it cost two to three million taels. The number of craftsmen was ten thousand. The Ming Dynasty treasury was already tense. In addition, Yan Song and others In the end, the people of the Ming Dynasty will pay for these heavy burdens. Therefore, Hairui said: "Jiajing Jiajing, homes are clean", it is not unreasonable.
In the 40 years of Jiajing, the Yongshou Palace where Jiajing lived was fired and he was forced to move to Yuxi Palace. He felt that Yuxi Palace was not as spacious as the previous Yongshou Palace, so a new palace was born. Thoughts. Jiajing asked Xu Jie for his opinion, and Xu Jie thought it was necessary to rebuild the Yongshou Palace. Jiajing was overjoyed. At that time, he was preparing to clean up Yan Song and his son, so he appointed Xujie as the young teacher, and soon served as the cabinet's first assistant.
Jiajing chose Xu Jie, not because Xu Jie was able to be the first assistant of the Ming Dynasty, but because Xu Jie could serve himself well.
Chairman Mao once commented on Jiajing:
"Practicing alchemy, faint and old, sitting in the world for more than forty years, just not doing anything."
I think Jiajing is very smart, but he takes all the cleverness Used in my own desires.
Jiajing emperor’s grand ceremony , in essence, is to win his father's name, is for himself ;
, Jiajing emperor _strong 4strong Daxing civil engineeringIn essence, to enjoy life better, is for himself;
Jiajing emperor practiced alchemy , in essence, to allow himself to live for two more years and have more time to control the court, is for himself ; _Strong4strong
Emperor Jiajing controlled Chaotang through factory guards, and did not let go of any opportunity to manipulate group officials. In essence, he wanted to make his power more stable, and was still for himself.
The author believes that during the Ming Dynasty, Jiajing Emperor Zhu Houhu was the smartest emperor. He used the emperor's power to the extreme, but he did not use his cleverness on the people. This is the sorrow of the people of the Jiajing Dynasty. The sorrow of the dynasty.
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