Time can test everything, and this sentence is also applicable to the real estate industry. After entering the 21st century, China's urbanization is in full swing. The rapid development of urbanization has promoted the rapid development of the real estate industry, and private real estate companies are like a running rhinoceros that cannot stop. A large number of private real estate companies such as Country Garden , Evergrande , Sunac , Longfor , Jinke , World Trade Center, Sunshine City and other private real estate companies have rapidly become bigger and stronger. Evergrande, Country Garden, and Sunac have become one of the world's top 500 real estate companies worth billions. They have been in the limelight for many years. Senior officials from various provinces worship them, and third- and fourth-tier cities are proud to introduce them.
2020 has entered the epidemic era, and the real estate regulation and control in 2020 has also been unprecedented. First, in August 2020, the central government launched the "Three Red Lines", delineating "three lines and four tiers" for real estate companies, restricting real estate companies financing and excessive expansion. Then, on the last day of 2020, 2020, the central government On December 31, 2000, the Central Bank and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission issued the "Notice on Establishing a Concentration Management System for Real Estate Loans of Banking Financial Institutions", which also drew "two red lines" for banks. The first red line is the "proportion of real estate loans", which is the proportion of the balance of real estate loans of banking financial institutions to the balance of various RMB loans of the institution. The second red line is the "proportion of personal housing loans", which is the ratio of the balance of personal housing loans to the balance of various RMB loans of financial institutions.
The two red lines of each bank and the proportion of the corresponding housing loan limit
As for the specific values of the "two red lines", banks of different sizes vary. The central bank and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission divide banks into five tiers. For large Chinese banks with the highest quotas, the upper limit of real estate loans is 40%, and the upper limit of personal housing loans is 32.5%. Just like the "housing for living, not for speculation" policy will be long-term, so will the housing loan limit control. When the total quota of each bank is certain, in order to increase profits, the bank will increase the mortgage interest rate of its customers. In 2021, various banks have invariably raised mortgage interest rates. The interest rates for first-home loans are generally higher than 5%. Due to the low total quota of some small and medium-sized banks, the interest rates for first-home loans have reached around 6%; for second-home loans, the interest rates are even higher.
The power of the "three red lines" of the central government's housing supply plan and the "two red lines" of banks will soon become apparent in 2021. Financing for real estate companies on the bank side has generally become more difficult, and real estate companies that have stepped on the "three red lines" can hardly raise any funds; on the client side, on the one hand, banks have increased mortgage interest rates, and have also strictly reviewed the source of customers' down payments and loan qualifications, resulting in a gradual decrease in customers buying houses in the second quarter of 2021. On the other hand, mortgage loan customers have taken longer to lend. Evergrande real estate companies are under huge financial pressure. Therefore, China Evergrande , a national leading real estate company with high debts, launched a nationwide promotion in the name of "Evergrande Home Buying Festival" at the end of May 2021, offering 30% off urban properties and 50% off suburban properties. After two months of crazy discounts, by late July 2021, Evergrande had sold almost all the packages that had obtained pre-sale certificates. Despite this, debt-ridden Evergrande was hit by a thunderstorm in early September 2021. The construction of nearly 1,000 Evergrande projects across the country has stalled. In the fourth quarter, almost all work of Evergrande, including sales and engineering, pressed the pause button.
Entering 2022, private real estate companies that have experienced thunderstorms have collapsed one after another. Not only are large national real estate companies, but also regional leading real estate companies, such as Sunac, Jinke, R&F , Rongxin , Kaisa, Sunshine City, Shimao Group , Zhenrong Group , Longguang , China Aoyuan , Zhongnan Land, Xuhui , regional leaders Jiangsu Hongyang, Yunnan Junfa, Jiangxi Xinli, Shanghai Jingrui, Guangdong Fantasia, Sichuan Blu-ray and other private real estate companies that have experienced thunderstorms are countless, and home-buying customers are everywhere. Many real estate companies with a scale of over RMB 100 billion in previous years, some of which were among the top three, top ten, and top twenty, were once famous, but in this year's annual sales rankings they are no longer in the top 20, and some are ranked at the bottom.
Take the national real estate sales ranking data from 2019 to 2022 compiled by the China Index Research Institute as an example. Starting from 2019, the top 20 private real estate companies have gradually decreased.
2 In 2022, there will be only 7 private real estate companies left in the top 20 in the country
In the top 20 nationwide rankings in 2022, there will be only 7 private real estate companies left, and only 3 in the top 10 private real estate companies. The others will all be central enterprises or state-owned enterprises, and the glory of private real estate companies will no longer exist.
There are 11 private enterprises in the top 20 in the country in 2021
In the top 20 in the country in 2021, there are only 11 private real estate companies left. The top 10 private real estate companies include Country Garden, Sunac and Evergrande. The others are all central or state-owned enterprises. Financing difficulties have intensified and private real estate companies are prone to frequent risks.
There are 12 private enterprises in the top 20 in the country in 2020
In the top 20 in the country in 2020, there are 12 private real estate companies. The top 10 private real estate companies include Country Garden, Evergrande, Sunac, and World Trade. The others are all central enterprises or state-owned enterprises, and private real estate companies account for half of the country.
There are 13 private enterprises in the top 20 in the country in 2019
In the top 20 in the country in 2019, there are 13 private real estate companies. The top 10 private real estate companies include Country Garden, Evergrande, Sunac, World Trade and New City 5. The scale and ranking advantages of private real estate companies are highlighted.
