Wang Changlin: The main task of manufacturing high-quality development
Finance and Economics
★★★★★
Summary: manufacturing is the main of the real economy, high-quality development of manufacturing is related to high-quality economic development The overall situation must be placed in a more prominent position. In this process, it is necessary to optimize the structure of products, improve the ability of products to effectively supply ; enhance the vitality of the main body, improve the level of enterprise development and quality ; strengthen the support of elements, and use multiple strategies to promote the high quality of manufacturing industry develop.
Manufacturing is the foundation of a country's development. The Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of last year will promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry as the primary task of the current economic work. This is a major strategic choice made by the Party Central Committee to comprehensively study and judge the international and domestic economic situation. At present and in the future, we must resolutely implement the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, put the promotion of high-quality development of the manufacturing industry in a prominent position in economic work, focus on the prominent problems restricting the development of the manufacturing industry, and take targeted policy measures , accelerate the promotion of the manufacturing industry to the middle and high end of the value chain, realize the transformation of China products to Chinese brands, Chinese manufacturing to Chinese creation, and reshape the competitive advantage of China's manufacturing industry.
Optimize product structure and improve the effective supply capacity of products. The supply-demand relationship in industries such as coal, coal and other industries has improved, but the problem of overcapacity in many industries is still prominent, and some deep-seated institutional problems have not been fundamentally resolved.At present and in the future, we must persist in the supply-side structural reform, consolidate the achievements of reducing overcapacity, seize the "bull nose" of disposing of zombie enterprises, and combine the reduction of overcapacity with the deepening of the reform of state-owned enterprises and the promotion of enterprise mergers and reorganizations. Revise and improve laws and regulations on asset disposal, debt repayment, bankruptcy liquidation, etc., and promote the bankruptcy and reorganization of long-term loss-making and insolvent zombie enterprises. It is necessary to speed up the construction of a long-term mechanism for marketization and the rule of law to reduce overcapacity, establish and improve market access and supervision standards in terms of environmental protection and safety, and adopt differentiated policy measures to promote the withdrawal of backward production capacity.
To improve the effective supply capacity of products, the key is to promote the reform of product quality and improve the level of the industrial chain. It must be noted that although the output of more than 220 industrial products in my country ranks first in the world, there are still relatively few high-quality and cost-effective products, which cannot meet domestic consumption needs. To this end, it is necessary to take improving product quality as an important part of enhancing competitiveness, thoroughly implement the strategy of strengthening the country by quality, carry out quality improvement actions, vigorously promote the spirit of craftsmen, create a fair competitive market environment with high quality and good prices, and comprehensively improve the quality of industrial products. It is necessary to focus on key areas such as major equipment and key basic materials, and resolve to break through the bottleneck constraints of key technologies to promote the "strengthening of muscles and bones" in the manufacturing industry.
At present, a new round of global technological revolution and industrial transformation represented by artificial intelligence, biotechnology, etc. is rapidly emerging. It is reconstructing the global innovation map, reshaping the global economic structure, and changing the development mode, optimizing the economic structure, and transforming the Chinese economy. Growth drivers form a historic intersection. It is necessary to seize historical opportunities, vigorously promote the formation and development of new technologies, new organizational forms, and new industrial clusters, increase the proportion of knowledge and technology-intensive products and industries, and accelerate the transformation of new and old kinetic energy.Focus on three aspects: First, strengthen the driving role of innovation, accelerate a number of key technological breakthroughs, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements from the laboratory to the market. The second is to strengthen the market-pulling role. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of my country's huge market size, insist on promoting development through application, promote demonstration applications, and create more commercialized scene applications for the development of new technologies, new products, new formats, and new models. The third is to establish an inclusive and prudent regulatory system, accelerate the exploration and establishment of a regulatory model that is compatible with new business formats and models that are integrated and cross-regional such as "Internet +", and formulate systems related to new technologies and new business formats such as artificial intelligence. regulations.
enhances the vitality of the main body, improves the development level and quality of enterprises, and
has a strong manufacturing industry, and enterprises must be strong. Enterprises are producers of products, organizers of factors of production, and "engines" of technological innovation, and play a key role in the supply system. Having a group of world-leading high-quality enterprises is an important symbol of developed countries and an urgent requirement for the high-quality development of my country's manufacturing industry. At present, the development of my country's manufacturing industry is relatively difficult and the quality is not high. The main reason is that the micro-main structure is not reasonable enough, and the innovation ability of enterprises is not strong. To this end, to promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, we must focus on improving the level and quality of market players and develop more high-quality enterprises.
First of all, we must actively cultivate and develop large and competitive enterprises. Large enterprises are the main force for a country's manufacturing industry to participate in international competition. At present, there are many large enterprises in my country, and there are also many enterprises in the world's top 500, but they are mainly concentrated in monopolistic industries. There is still a lack of truly competitive large manufacturing enterprises, and many industries have low industrial concentration. This is a prominent problem in the structure of my country's manufacturing industry. It is necessary to support enterprises to be market-oriented and expand their business scale through mergers and acquisitions.It is necessary to encourage large enterprises to focus on their main businesses, strengthen technological transformation and innovation, improve product chains and innovation chains, and further strengthen and optimize.
Secondly, we must vigorously improve the development level of small and medium-sized enterprises. At present, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in my country has more and more difficulties, and effective measures must be taken to create a relaxed environment for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is necessary to effectively break the various "roller shutter doors", "glass doors" and "revolving doors", and create a fair competitive environment for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of market access, approval and licensing, business operation, and bidding. It is necessary to further promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, increase fiscal, tax, and financial policy support for start-ups, support entrepreneurship service platforms to further improve the industrial chain, and promote the development of diverse "entrepreneurship departments" and "entrepreneurship clusters." Strictly implement the "Anti-Unfair Competition Law", "Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion Law" and other laws and regulations, and establish and improve a fair and orderly market competition environment that can promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Encourage enterprises to develop towards specialization and excellence, and cultivate and develop a group of small giant enterprises and individual champion enterprises with strong innovation capabilities.
Finally, it is necessary to support enterprises to enhance their innovation capabilities. Enterprise innovation ability largely determines the quality and level of product supply. It is necessary to fully implement the enterprise R&D investment deduction policy, enhance the operability and convenience of policy implementation, establish a policy implementation assessment mechanism, and guide enterprises to increase R&D investment through policies. It is necessary to effectively strengthen the role of government procurement policies in promoting innovative products of enterprises, and promote the demonstration application of the first (set) of major technical equipment. Strengthen support for enterprises to introduce talents and build innovation capabilities, promote the combination of production, education and research, and guide and promote the concentration of innovation elements in enterprises.
strengthens the support of factors to facilitate high-quality development
If an enterprise is the "engine" for the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, then production factors such as talents, technology, and capital are the "fuel".In general, the current development of my country's manufacturing industry is in a critical period of transition from old and new kinetic energy to overcoming obstacles, and there is an urgent need for scientific and technological innovation, modern finance, human resources and other production factors to coordinate with them to provide strong support. However, due to various reasons, the comprehensive cost of my country's manufacturing industry is currently relatively high, and there is still a lack of talents, technology, and funds in the development of enterprises, resulting in difficulties in the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. These problems need to be solved urgently.
's top priority is to reduce costs, effectively change the situation of "load-bearing climbing" of enterprises, and provide necessary time and space for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. It is necessary to adhere to "releasing water to raise fish", effectively increase tax reduction, and enhance the sense of gain of enterprises. It is necessary to strengthen and improve financial support and services for the manufacturing industry, and effectively alleviate the problem of difficulty in financing and expensive financing. It is necessary to improve the efficiency of the comprehensive transportation network and reduce the logistics cost. It is necessary to reduce the excessively high social security contribution rate to ensure that the actual burden of social security contributions by enterprises is substantially reduced. It is necessary to insist that the growth of income level be in line with the improvement of labor productivity, and to reasonably determine the minimum wage standard. Improve the degree of marketization of electricity trading, improve grid cost supervision, and reduce electricity prices. It is necessary to reduce administrative examination and approval, optimize environmental protection, taxation, market supervision and other law enforcement methods, create a fair competitive market environment, and strive to reduce institutional transaction costs.
At the same time, it is necessary to address both the symptoms and the symptoms, and vigorously promote the market-oriented reform of production factors. It is necessary to further relax restrictions on private capital entering the banking industry, increase the number and proportion of business of small and medium-sized financial institutions, and promote full competition. It is necessary to adapt to the requirements of emerging industries and the development of innovation and entrepreneurship, reform the systems of stock issuance, trading, and delisting, deepen the reform of the ChiNext and New Third Board, explore the establishment of an over-the-counter market under unified supervision, and vigorously develop venture capital and angels Invest in to increase the proportion of direct financing.It is necessary to deepen the reform of the household registration system, promote the urbanization of migrant workers in an orderly manner, and promote the free movement of labor between urban and rural areas. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the land market and accelerate the establishment of a unified urban and rural construction land market.
From a long-term perspective, to promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, there must be strong scientific and technological support. It is necessary to effectively strengthen the basic research of and applied basic research, achieve major breakthroughs in forward-looking basic research and leading original achievements, and focus on improving the ability of effective technology supply. It is necessary to promote the reform of the scientific and technological system, improve the industry-university-research collaboration mechanism, and improve the technology transfer mechanism. It is necessary to promote the modernization of education, deepen the examination and enrollment system and education and teaching reform, improve the vocational education and training system, optimize the and professional layout of schools, adjust the education system and curriculum according to the requirements of cultivating innovative talents, and focus on cultivating high-quality Labor and technical and skilled personnel, and accelerate the construction of an army of knowledge-based, skilled and innovative workers.
( Wang Changlin: Member of Chang'an Street Reading Club, President of China Academy of Macroeconomics )
Chang'an Street Live
Note: Authorized to publish, this article has been selected and included in the "Chang'an Street Reading Club" theoretical learning platform (People's Daily, Guangming Daily, Xinhuanet, CCTV, and The Paper’s government affairs client “Chang’an Street Reading Club” column is synchronized), reprints must be uniformly marked with the source and author of the theoretical learning platform of “Chang’an Street Reading Club”.
editor in charge: Yang Haocheng; preliminary review: Cheng Ziqian; review: Li Yufan
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