"Subject 1" high-frequency test point
"Subject 2" high-frequency test point
Short answer questions for education
Primary School—Education
1. Why is it said that school education plays a leading role in human development? (Reason)
First, school education is a purposeful, planned and organized activity to cultivate people, and it stipulates the direction of people's development.
Second, school education is carried out through specially trained teachers, and the effect is relatively good.
Third, school education can effectively control and coordinate various factors that affect students' development.
Fourth, the impact of school education on people is relatively comprehensive, systematic and profound.
2. Briefly describe the restrictive role of culture on education.
(1) Cultural concepts affect educational concepts
(2) It has a value-oriented role in education
(3) Cultural development promotes the development of school curriculum
(4) Influencing the establishment of educational purpose
(5) Selection of educational content that affects educational content Selecting
(6) Influencing the use of educational and teaching methods
3. What are the aspects of individual differences in children's physical and mental development?
From the perspective of the group, it is first manifested as the difference between men and women. It is not only a natural difference, but also includes the differences in physiological functions and social status, roles, and interaction groups brought by gender.
Secondly, individual differences are reflected in all aspects of the body and mind. Some of them are differences in development levels, while others are differences in the expression of psychological characteristics.
4. Briefly describe the current student view of advocated by in my country's basic education curriculum reform.
(1) Students are developing people, and they should understand students from a development perspective;
(2) Students are unique people;
(3) Students are independent people.
5. Briefly describe the basic concept of "Professional Standards for Primary School Teachers (Trial)".
[Big points of the answer]
(1) Student-oriented. Primary school students are characterized by developmentality and initiative. In the education process, they are student-oriented, follow educational and teaching rules, respect and care for students, induce students to actively participate in learning, and promote the happy and healthy growth of primary school students.
(2) Teacher ethics comes first. Teacher ethics is the first element of being a teacher. Therefore, we should pay attention to being a role model and the role of role models.
(3) Capability is the priority. Teachers’ professional abilities are the carrier of teachers’ professional knowledge of educational philosophy, which is directly related to the formation of students’ learning ability, practical ability and innovative ability.
(4) Lifelong learning. Lifelong learning is an important feature of contemporary society. Teachers should constantly reflect on learning, improve and enrich themselves.
6. Briefly describe the "student-oriented" in "Primary School Teachers' Professional Labeling (Trial)".
[Answer points]
respects the rights and interests of primary school students, takes primary school students as the main body, fully mobilizes and exerts the initiative of primary school students; follows the characteristics of physical and mental development of primary school students and the rules of education and teaching, provide suitable education, and promotes primary school students' lively learning and healthy and happy growth.
7. The Professional Standards for Primary School Teachers (Trial)" put forward the basic concept of "lifelong learning". How do you understand it?
[Reference answer]
Lifelong learning refers to the continuous learning process that each member of the society can adapt to the needs of social development and realize individual development, which is the continuous learning process throughout a person's life, that is, what we often call learning until old or learning endlessly.In the special society, education and life context, the concept of lifelong learning has been created, and it has lifelong, national, and extensive hot topics. After lifelong education and lifelong learning were proposed, countries generally attached great importance to it and actively practiced it. Learning inspired us to establish educational ideas and enable students to learn to learn. More importantly, they cultivate students to develop good habits of proactive, constantly exploring, updating, applying what they have learned and optimizing knowledge. Learn advanced primary school education theory, understand the experience and practices of rescheduling and development of primary school education at home and abroad, optimize the knowledge structure, and improve cultural literacy. Have the awareness and ability of lifelong learning and sustainable development, and be a model of lifelong learning.
8. What are the basic requirements for teachers to establish a good teacher-student relationship?
(1) Establish a modern concept of education.
(2) Caring for, respecting and trusting students.
(3) Adopt a fair and democratic education method.
(4) Take the initiative to interact with students and be good at educational communication.
(5) Improve self-cultivation and shape personality with personality.
9. Briefly describe the basic requirements for literature search in education research education
(1) Directionality of literature search
(2) The review should be comprehensive, that is, comprehensive
(3) The review should be careful and meticulous, that is, accuracy
(4) Diligently accumulate
(5) Good at thinking
10. What are the basic requirements for the design of the questionnaire?
(1) Clear semantics
(2) Concise statements
(3) Object-oriented
(4) Value neutral
(5) Avoid social recognition effect
11. Briefly describe the ways of moral education in primary schools.
(1) Ideological and moral courses and other subject teaching (basic approach)
(2) Social practice activities
(3) Extracurricular and extracurricular activities
(4) Activities organized by the Communist Youth League and Young Pioneers
(5) Study of school meetings, class meetings, weekly meetings, morning meetings, and current affairs policies
(6) Work of class teachers (important and special approach)
(6) Work of class teachers (important and special approach)
12. What are the common methods for cultivating morality among primary school students?
(1) Persuasion Education Method (Story Education Method)
Through language reasoning, students can understand the truth, distinguish right from wrong, and improve moral awareness. Including language and verbal persuasion and factual persuasion.
(2) Role Model Demonstration Method
Moral education method that uses the excellent moral character of role models to influence students' thoughts, emotions and behaviors.
(3) Essay Education Method
A moral education method that uses the environment and its own educational factors to subtly influence and infect students, so that they can be influenced by their own experiences.
(4) Actual exercise method
allows students to participate in various practical activities, exercise their thoughts, increase their talents, and cultivate good thoughts and behavioral habits in the activities.
(5) Self-education method
(6) Moral evaluation method
13. Briefly describe the basic methods of primary school class management.
(1) Methods to understand and study students
(2) Methods of reasoning
(3) Target management method
(4) Situational infection method
(5) Standardized constraint method
(6) Public opinion influence method
(7) Psychological counseling method
(8) Behavior training method
(8) (9) Psychological suggestion method (environment, class style, speech, body language suggestion)
(10) Self-management method
14. Briefly describe the precautions for primary school teachers to write behavioral comments.
(1) We must be realistic, focus on the main issues, and the assessment should accurately reflect the comprehensive expression and development trend of students' ideological and moral character;
(2) We must fully affirm the progress of students and appropriately point out their shortcomings;
(3) Comments should be concise, specific and appropriate, and we should strictly prevent improper words from hurting students' emotions.
15. Briefly describe the main contents of the work of the class teacher
(1) Understand and study students (prerequisites and basics)
(2) Effectively organize and cultivate excellent class collectives (central links)
(3) Coordinate various educational forces inside and outside the school
(4) Learning guidance, learning activity management and life guidance, life management
(5) Organize extracurricular and off-campus activities and guide extracurricular life
(6) Establish student files (collect-organization-identification-custody)
(7) Activity assessment
(8) class teacher work plan and summary
(9) Individual educational work
(10) Organization of class meeting activities
(11) Handling of occasional events: Education wit
16. Briefly describe the main content of the class teacher understanding and researching students.
(1) Understand and study the main contents of the class group:
① The basic composition of class members, such as student source status, age level, gender ratio, etc.;
② The academic status of the class group, including the specific situation of different academic levels and the specific situation of different academic levels;
③ The development status of the class group, such as class organization, class norms, interpersonal relationships, class public theory, class style, class tradition, etc.;
④ The daily behavior performance of the class, such as study habits, discipline inside and outside the classroom, etc. For a newly formed class, the main focus is on grasping the first item.
(2) Understand and study the main contents of individuals in the class:
① The basic situation of students, such as gender, age, physical condition, interests and hobbies, personality tendencies, etc.;
② The social relationships of students, such as parents' occupation, family economic status, family structure, family relationships, community environment where the family is located, etc.;
③ The academic and moral status of students, such as learning attitudes, learning habits, learning orientation, intelligent development level, etc.;
④ The formation of students' morality and social development status, such as behavioral habits, interpersonal relationships, interpersonal communication methods, ideological and moral appearance, etc.
♥17. Briefly describe the main measures for class teachers to cultivate a good class style;
(1) Determine the development goals of the class collective (set goals)
(2) Establish a capable class core (build core)
(3) Organize educational activities with diverse forms (carry activities)
(4) Establish normal order of the class collective (build order)
(5) Cultivate correct public opinion and good class style (setting class style)
18. Briefly describe the basic measures to establish a good class atmosphere;
(1) The class teacher leads the way;
(2) Clarify the class's goals;
(3) Control the class cadres well Team building;
(4) Environmental influence;
(5) Institutional constraints;
(6) Strengthen positive education and set a good example;
(7) Advocate democratic leadership methods for class teachers;
(8) Make full use of the class public opinion position;
(9) We must always grasp the cultural functions of education.
(1) Education can inherit culture;
(2) Education can transform culture (select and organize and enhance culture);
(3) Education can spread, communicate and integrate culture;
(4) Education can update and create culture.
19. Briefly describe the significance of aesthetic education in promoting the comprehensive development of students' morality, intelligence and physical fitness.
(1)Aesthetic education can expand students' knowledge horizons and develop students' intelligence and creativity;
(2)Aesthetic education has the educational function of purifying the mind, cultivating sentiments, and improving morality;
(3)Aesthetic education can promote the healthy development of students' physical;
(4)Aesthetic education helps students establish their labor perspectives and form their labor skills. In short, aesthetic education has an irreplaceable special education function. It is mutually conditioned with other education, complements each other, and jointly promotes the all-round development of students. Cultivating perfect people with comprehensive and harmonious development of personality and talents is the purpose of aesthetic education.
20. Briefly describe the main views of the subject-center curriculum theory.
(1) The purpose of school education is to pass on the cultural and scientific knowledge accumulated by mankind over the past thousands of years to the next generation, and the essence of these cultural and scientific knowledge is included in the various disciplines set up by the school.
(2) The teacher’s task is to teach students the knowledge of each subject, and the student’s task is to master the knowledge of each subject prepared for them in advance.
(3) The school curriculum should be based on subject classification, with subject teaching as the core, and with the goal of mastering the basic knowledge, basic rules and corresponding skills of the subject.
♥21. Briefly describe the basic principles of textbook writing.
(1) Unity of scientificity and ideological nature;
(2) Emphasize the basicity and applicability of the content;
(3) Unity of the internal logic of knowledge and the requirements of teaching methods;
(4) Unity of theory and practice;
(5) The arrangement form of textbooks should be conducive to students' learning;
(6) Pay attention to the vertical and horizontal connection with other disciplines.
♥22. Briefly describe the meaning and content of the course plan.
(1) Meaning of the curriculum plan: The curriculum plan is a guiding document on school education and teaching work formulated by the education administrative department based on certain educational purposes and training goals.
(2) Contents of the curriculum plan: It specifically specifies the setting of teaching subjects (curriculum setting), subject order (curriculum opening order), class time allocation (teaching hours), academic year preparation and learning week arrangement. Among them, which subjects (curriculum settings) are the central and primary issue of the course plan.
23. Briefly describe the main areas of comprehensive practice activities .
Comprehensive Practical Activity Course is a curriculum based on students' direct experience, closely linking students' own life and social life, and reflecting the comprehensive application of knowledge.
Its main areas include:
① Information technology education ;
②Research-based learning;
③Community service and social practice;
④Labor and technical education.
(Qiaoji: Xinyanshelai)
♥24. What are the specific goals of the new round of basic education curriculum reform in my country's ?
(1) Realize the transformation of course functions;
(2) reflect the balance, comprehensiveness and selectivity of the course structure;
(3) Close the connection between course content and life and the times;
(4) Improve students' learning methods;
(5) Establish an evaluation and examination system consistent with the concept of quality education ;
(6) Implement a three-level curriculum management system.
(Quickly remember: Evaluation of internal energy in the management)
25. Briefly describe the dialectical relationship between imparting knowledge and developing intelligence.
Modern teaching concept believes that the teaching process is both a process of imparting knowledge to students and a process of developing students' intelligence and abilities.
(1) The two teaching tasks of imparting knowledge and developing intelligence are unified in the same teaching activity and in the cognitive activities of the same cognitive subject;
(2) Mastering knowledge is the basis for developing intelligence;
(3) Developing intelligence is an important condition for mastering knowledge;
(4) Preventing the one-sided nature of simply grasping knowledge teaching or focusing only on the development of abilities;
(5) The internal mechanism of mastering knowledge and developing intelligence are mutually transformed.
26. What are the basic rules to follow in the teaching process?
(1) The law of unification of direct experience and indirect experience (indirect law);
(2) The law of unification of knowledge and development of intelligence (developmental law);
(3) The law of unification of teacher leading role and student subject role (bilateral law);
(4) The law of unification of knowledge and ideological and moral education (educational law).
(Quick Memories: Jianzhang Mission)
27. Briefly describe the meaning of the principle of unified teaching of scientific and ideological nature and the requirements for implementing this principle.
(1) The principle of unity of ideological (educationality) and scientific nature means that teaching should be guided by Marxism, grant students scientific knowledge, and combine knowledge teaching to educate students on socialist morality, correct outlook on life and scientific world outlook.
(2) The requirements for implementing this principle are as follows:
① Teachers must ensure the scientific nature of teaching;
② Teachers must conduct ideological and moral education based on the characteristics of the teaching content;
③ Teachers must conduct ideological and moral education to students through all links of teaching activities;
④ Teachers must continuously improve their professional ability and ideological level.
28. Briefly describe the basic links of school academic affairs activities.
The basic links of teachers' teaching work include lesson preparation, class teaching, homework assignment arrangement and feedback, extracurricular tutoring, and inspection and evaluation of academic performance.
Among them, class is the central link.
(Clever note: prepare for science)
♥29. Briefly describe the basic laws of the moral education process.
(1) The moral education process is a process of cultivating and improving students' knowledge, emotion, intention and behavior with multiple beginnings;
(2) The moral education process is a process of organizing students' activities and interactions and affecting students' education in multiple aspects;
(3) The moral education process is a process of promoting the movement of internal contradictions among students' thoughts;
(4) The moral education process is a long-term, repetitive, and continuous progressive process;
30. Briefly describe the basic requirements for implementing the principle of moral education that is good and saves the loss.
(1) Educators should use a two-part perspective to comprehensively analyze and objectively evaluate students' advantages and disadvantages;
(2) Educators should consciously create conditions and transform negative factors in students' thoughts into positive factors;
(3) Educators should improve students' self-awareness and self-evaluation ability, inspire them to think consciously, overcome shortcomings, and carry forward their advantages.
31. Briefly describe the basic requirements for implementing the principles of moral education in education that are consistent and coherent.
(1) Give full play to the role of teachers collectively, unify the various educational forces within the school, and make it an optimized group of division of labor and cooperation;
(2) Try for cooperation between parents and society, actively coordinate the relationship with family and social education, and gradually form a "three-in-one" moral education network centered on the school;
(3) Maintain the regularity and institutionalization of moral education work, handle the connection work well, ensure the continuity and systematicity of the impact on students, and enable students' ideological and moral character to develop step by step.
32. Briefly describe the basic conditions that the class teacher should have.
(1) Support the Party’s basic line in the primary stage of socialism and adhere to the four basic principles;
(2) Love students, love education, and be enthusiastic about the work of class teachers;
(3) Be upright in character, be able to set an example, and be a role model;
(4) Be upright in educational thoughts, have certain educational scientific knowledge and certain teaching ability;
(5) Have certain organizational management capabilities and strong sense of responsibility.
♥33. Briefly describe the basic content of the work of the class teacher.
(1) Understand and study students;
(2) Effectively organize and cultivate excellent class groups
(3) Coordinate various educational forces inside and outside the school;
(4) Learning guidance, learning activity management and life guidance, life management;
(5) Organize extracurricular and off-campus activities and guide extracurricular life;
(6) Establish student files;
(7) Perform evaluation;
(8) Work plan and summary of class teachers;
(9) Individual education work;
(10) Organization of class meeting activities;
(11) Handling of occasional events.
34. Briefly describe the main methods of class teachers to train the class collective.
(1) Determine the development goals of the class collective; (set the goals)
(2) Establish a capable class core; (build the core)
(3) Establish the normal order of the class collective; (build the order)
(4) Organize educational activities with various forms; (carry activities)
(5) Cultivate correct public opinion and a good class atmosphere.(Tree Class Style)
35.Eriksen Personality Development Theory Kindergarten stage:
⑴Infancy: Trust vs. Doubt (0-1.5 years old): Development task is to cultivate a sense of trust
⑵Childhood: Autonomy vs. Shyness (1.5-3 years old): Development task is to cultivate autonomy
⑶Pre-school: Active vs. guilt (3-6 1. 1. Briefly describe the factors influencing transfer of transfers
⑷School age: diligence against inferiority (7-12)
⑸Adolescent: self-identity against role confusion (12-18)
Psychology short answer questions
♥1. Briefly describe the factors influencing transfers
(1) Characteristics of learning materials
(2) The original knowledge structure
(3) Understanding of learning situation
(4) Psychological preparation for learning (mind)
(5) Level of learning strategy
(6) Intellectual and ability
(7) Teacher guidance
2. Briefly describe the conditions for meaningful learning of Aosubel
(1) Objective conditions refer to being affected by the nature of the learning materials themselves. The material for meaningful learning must itself meet this non-artificial and substantive standard, i.e. it has logical significance. Textbooks generally meet this requirement.
(2) Subjective conditions refer to being influenced by the learner's own factors.
is mainly manifested in:
① Learners must have a meaningful learning orientation;
② Learners must have appropriate knowledge in their cognitive structure in order to connect with new knowledge;
③ Learners must actively and proactively make this new knowledge with potential significance interact with the old knowledge related to the cognitive structure.
3. What are the common methods for cultivating morality of primary school students
(1) Effective persuasion
(2) Set a good example
(3) Use group agreement
(4) Value analysis
(5) Give appropriate rewards and punishments
Meditation: Marry a rational number
♥4. Factors that affect problem solving
(1) Problem situation;
(2) Position and function fixation;
(3) Prototype inspiration;
(4) Existing knowledge and experience;
(5) Emotions and motivations.
Mantra: Informed by the original knowledge
♥5. Briefly describe Gardner's multi-intelligence theory
Gardner believes that there are seven relatively independent intelligences in a human intellectual structure. The combination of these seven intelligences in each person is diverse, and each person's intellectual development level in different fields is not synchronized.
mainly includes:
(1) Speech intelligence
(2) Logic-mathematical intelligence
(3) Vision-space intelligence
(4) Music intelligence
(5) Sports intelligence
(6) Interpersonal intelligence
(7) Self-knowledge intelligence
The enlightenment of my country's current teaching reform is as follows:
(1) Positive and optimistic view of students.
(2) Scientific view of intelligence.
(3) Teaching concept of teaching according to your aptitude.
(4) Diversified view of talent and talent.
6. Briefly describe the hierarchy of maslow
(1) Maslow is a contemporary American psychologist. His hierarchy of needs theory is the most influential need theory.In the early days, according to the order of the appearance of needs and the order of strength and weakness, he divided the needs into seven levels, namely physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love needs, respect needs, cognitive needs, aesthetic needs and self-realization needs.
(2) Maslow further distinguished the above seven needs: the four needs located at the bottom of the demand level are called missing needs, and they are necessary for individual survival. The last three needs are growth needs. Although they are not necessary for our survival, they have very important positive significance for us to adapt to society. Lower needs must at least be partially met before the pursuit of higher needs will occur. Contrary to lack needs, growth needs are needs that will never be fully met.
♥7. According to the forgetting rules, how to reasonably organize review
(1) The review time should be appropriate.
①Review in time;
②Adjustable time allocation;
③Review in intervals;
④Review in loop.
(2) The review method should be reasonable.
①Combined scattered review and concentrated review;
②Variety of review methods;
③Use multiple senses to participate in review;
④Try to combine memory and repetitive memory.
(3) The number of reviews should be appropriate.
①The amount of review content should be appropriate;
②Promote appropriate over-learning.
(4) Pay attention to the cultivation of memory quality.
(5) Pay attention to brain hygiene.
mnemonic: Twist at the tenth power (quality guard at the power of time)
♥8. Briefly describe the basic methods to stimulate students' learning motivation.
(1) Create a problem situation, stimulate interest, and maintain curiosity
(2) Set appropriate goals;
(3) Control the difficulty of the work and appropriately control the motivation level;
(4) Express clear expectations;
(5) provides clear, timely and regular feedback;
(6) rationally use external rewards;
(7) effectively use praise;
(8) conduct competitive education for students and carry out learning and competition appropriately.
♥9. Briefly describe measures to stimulate and maintain internal learning motivation.
(1) Stimulate interest and maintain curiosity;
(2) Set appropriate goals;
(3) Cultivate the appropriate sense of self-efficacy ;
(4) Training attribution .
mnemonic: Screen community (because of the interest of the eyes)
♥10. Briefly describe Vygotsky's psychological development theory .
(1) The basic viewpoint of the "culture-historical" development theory:
① Vygotsky emphasized the role of social culture in cognitive development;
② Vygotsky emphasized that human thinking and intelligence developed in activities, and are the result of continuous internalization with the help of symbolic systems such as language.
(2) The essence of psychological development and " internalization ". Vygotsky emphasized the important role of environmental and social factors in children's development. He proposed that the essence of psychological development is the process of individuals gradually transforming into higher psychological functions based on low psychological functions under the influence of environment and education. Internalization is the core idea of Vygotsky's psychological development concept.
(3) Proximal Development Zone concept.
Vigotsky believes that children have two levels of development:
1 is the current level of children, that is, the level of development of children's psychological functions formed by a certain completed development system;
2 is the level of development that can be achieved, that is, the potential obtained through teaching. The difference between the two levels of
is the proximal development zone.
(4) In Vygotsky's view, "teaching should be ahead of development" has two meanings:
① Teaching plays a leading role in development.
② Teaching creates a zone of proximal development.
(5) Vygotsky believes that evaluating human development should be carried out from four levels. In addition to microscopic, individual, and social history, the fourth level is the cultural level.
♥ 11. Piaget Four stages of cognitive development and the characteristics of each stage:
(1) Perceptual movement stage (0 to 2 years old): object permanent
(2) Pre-operation stage (2 to 7 years old): egocentric, irreversible, unconserved
(3) Specific operation stage (7 to 11 years old): de-egocentric, reversible, conservative, sequence
(4) Formal operation stage (11 years old~adult): hypothesis-deductive reasoning, analogical reasoning, abstract logical thinking, reversibility and compensation, reflection ability, etc.
12. Psychological structure of morality (informed intentional behavior)
(1) Moral cognition (core):
The understanding of behavioral norms and their meaning is the moral manifestation of the human cognitive process.
(2) Moral emotions:
Whether the moral needs of people are realized and the inner experience it causes.
(3) Moral will:
The psychological process of individuals consciously adjusting their moral behaviors, overcoming difficulties, and achieving predetermined moral goals.
(4) Moral behavior (an important symbol for measuring morality):
refers to the morally meaningful activities that an individual expresses under the control of a certain moral consciousness .
13. Briefly describe the meaning and methods of school psychological counseling.
(1) Psychological counseling refers to the process in which school educators use professional knowledge and skills such as psychology to design and organize various educational activities in a new type of constructive interpersonal relationship based on the characteristics and laws of students' psychological development to help students form good psychological qualities, fully realize their personal potential, and further improve their mental health level.
♥ (2) Methods of psychological counseling in schools:
① Open mental health education related courses and psychological counseling activities;
② Infiltrate the content of mental health education in subject teaching;
③ Carry out mental health education in combination with class and team activities;
④ Individual psychological counseling or consultation;
⑤ Group tutoring.
Memory method: In-class + extracurricular + individual/group
14. General laws of individual physical and mental development
(1) Continuity and stage
(2) Directionality and sequence
(3) Imbalance
(4) Individual differences
15. General factors affecting individual physical and mental development
(1) Genetic. Genetic quality is the material prerequisite for the development of human body and mind.
(2) environment. Those who are close to the red and red, those who are close to the ink are black
(3) Education. School education plays a leading role in physical and mental development.
(4) Subjective ability. The individual's subjective initiative is the internal driving force for individual psychological development.
♥16. Briefly describe the methods of teachers to cultivate students' attention.
Use attention to organize teaching.
① Understand students' listening status based on their external performance.
② Use the rules of unintentional attention to organize teaching:
creates a good teaching environment;
focuses on the use of speeches, blackboard writing skills and teaching aids;
focuses on the organization of teaching content and the diversification of teaching forms.
③ Use the rules of intentional attention to organize teaching:
clarify the purpose and tasks of learning;
cultivate indirect interests; organize classroom teaching reasonably to prevent students from being distracted;
uses a variety of teaching methods.
④ Use two rules that pay attention to mutual conversion to organize teaching.
♥17. What are the main factors affecting forgetting?
(1) The nature of learning materials.
(2) Series position effect.
series position effect refers to the tendency of memory effect of memory materials close to the beginning and end than memory effect in the middle part.
(3) Memorize the quantity and learning degree of materials.
(4) The longevity and importance of memory tasks.
(5) Method for memorization.
(6) Time factor.
(7) Emotion and motivation
Mantra: Direction of emotions and materials
Memory method: Objective materials (1 2 3) + subjective person (5 6 7) + task (4)
18. Briefly describe the handling and correction of classroom problem behaviors.
(1) Handling of classroom problem behaviors:
① Use preconceived strategies to prevent classroom problem behaviors in advance;
② Treat students' classroom problem behaviors correctly.
(2) Correction of classroom problem behavior:
① Control strategy;
② Correction strategy.
19. Principles of psychological counseling
① Principles for all students;
② Principles of combining prevention and development;
③ Respect and understanding students' principles;
④ Principles of student subjectivity;
⑤ Principles of individual treatment;
⑤ Principles of individualization;
⑥ Principles of integrity
7⑥ Principles of integrity
7④ Principles of student subjectivity;
⑤ Principles of individualization Mental formula: Students should prevent and respect, and give full play to individual integrity
20. Definition and function of motivation
(1) Learning motivation refers to a psychological tendency or internal motivation that stimulates individuals to carry out learning activities, maintains the learning activities that have been caused, and makes their behavior towards certain learning goals.
(2) The functions of learning motivation are:
① Stimulate function.
Learning motivation can stimulate an individual to produce a certain learning behavior. Learning motivation is the driving force that causes a certain learning behavior and plays an initial role in learning behavior.
② Point to function.
Learning motivation can make an individual's learning behavior point to a specific goal. Learning motivation is an indicator to guide a certain learning behavior and plays a guiding role in learning behavior.
③ Maintenance and regulation functions (enhanced functions).
21. Gagne’s learning results classification
According to the learning results, psychologist Gagne divides learning into five categories:
(1) Speech information, which is manifested as the ability to state ideas.
(2) Intelligent skill is manifested as the ability to use symbols to interact with the environment.
(3) Cognitive Strategy is manifested as the ability to regulate and control one's own attention, learning, memory, thinking and problem-solving processes.
(4) Movement skills are manifested as smooth, smooth, precise and timely movement operation ability.
(5) Attitude is manifested as an individual's tendency to choose people, objects or certain events.
♥22. Constructivist view of knowledge, learning, and student view
(1) Constructivist view of knowledge.
Constructivism questions the objectivity and certainty of knowledge to a certain extent, emphasizing the dynamic nature of knowledge.
(2) Constructivist learning concept.
Constructivism emphasizes the three aspects of active constructiveness, social interaction and situationality of learning in terms of learning.
(3) Constructivist student view.
Constructivism emphasizes the existing experience structure of learners, and believes that when learning new information and solving new problems, learners can often rely on their cognitive abilities to form explanations of problems based on relevant experience. Teaching cannot ignore students' existing experience, but should take children's existing knowledge and experience as the growth point of new knowledge and guide children to develop new knowledge and experience from their original knowledge and experience.
23. Briefly describe the sense of self-efficacy and its functions
(1) Self-efficacy was first proposed by Bandulla, which refers to the subjective judgment of whether one can successfully engage in a certain achievement behavior. Bandura pointed out that human behavior is affected by the result factors and predecessor factors of the behavior.
(2) The role of self-efficacy:
① Determines people’s choice of activities and their persistence in activities
② Influences people’s attitudes in the face of difficulties.
③Sense of self-efficacy not only affects the acquisition of new behaviors, but also affects the performance of learned behaviors.
④Sense of self-efficacy will also affect the emotions during activities.
24. Briefly describe the ways to cultivate motor skills
(1) Guidance and demonstration. Due to the cognitive stage of learning motor skills, when teachers guide students to learn motor skills, they must first help students understand motor skills, clarify learning tasks, form homework expectations, and obtain certain learning strategies for completing tasks.
(2) practice. Movement skills can only be formed after a certain amount of practice. Practice refers to learning activities with the purpose of forming a certain skill, and is a repeated operation process with the goal of mastering certain movements.
(3) Feedback. In the practice of skills, letting students understand their practice results in a timely manner will help improve practice efficiency.
25. Briefly describe the ways to establish teachers' prestige.
(1) Cultivate your own good moral qualities;
(2) Cultivate good cognitive ability and personality traits;
(3) Pay attention to the development of good appearance, demeanor and behavioral habits;
(4) Give students a good first impression;
(5) Be friends and confidants of students.
♥26.How to cultivate students’ creativity?
(1) Cultivate creative cognitive ability.
①Cultivate the knowledge base of creativity;
②Cultivate creative thinking.
(2) Focus on shaping creative personality.
①Protect curiosity;
②Relieve individual fear of answering wrong questions;
③Encourage independence and innovative spirit;
④Add to be non-logical thinking ability;
⑤ Provide students with creative role models.
(3) Create a favorable social environment.
① Create a relaxed psychological environment;
② Leave full choices for students;
③ Reform the examination system and examination content.
④Cultivate a creative team of teachers
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