Wuxi General High School 2021 Autumn Semester Final Teaching Quality Sampling Test Paper
Geography
022.01
Proposition Unit: Huishan District Teacher Development Center
Paper-making unit: Wuxi Institute of Educational Sciences
Notes and instructions:
. This test paper contains two parts: multiple-choice questions (questions 1 to 40, a total of 40 small questions of 80 points) and comprehensive questions (questions 41 to 43, a total of 3 questions of 20 points), with a total of 10 pages.
. Please answer in the corresponding position on the answer sheet. Before answering, please read the answer requirements on the test paper carefully. The full score of this test paper is 100 points and the test time is 75 minutes.
1. Multiple-choice questions
On December 4, 2021, a wonderful "king of celestial phenomena"-the total solar eclipse phenomenon made a shocking debut in the southern hemisphere. Chinese astronomy enthusiasts learned about this grand event with the help of the Internet. The picture below shows a photo of a solar eclipse and a schematic diagram of the relationship between the sun, earth and moon during the solar eclipse. Complete the following questions accordingly.
1. The levels of the celestial system shown in the picture are ( )
A. One level B. Two levels C. Three levels D. Four levels
2. In Figure a, the impact of the unobstructed solar atmosphere activity is ( )
A. It affects the transportation in southern my country B. It affects the wired network communications in northern my country
C. The compass suddenly failed while the ship was sailing D. There was a sudden and abnormal increase in meteor phenomena
【Answer】1. B 2. C
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[1 question detailed explanation]
Reading the schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the sun, the earth and the moon, we can see that there is a solar system with the sun as the center, and an earth-moon system with the earth as the center. Therefore, the celestial system shown in the picture has two levels, B pair. So choose B.
[Detailed explanation of 2 questions]
The solar atmosphere is composed of photosphere, chromosphere and corona layer from the inside to the outside. The photosphere is usually visible to the naked eye. During the total solar eclipse of and , the rose-colored atmosphere on the periphery of the sun, the chromosphere, is visible to the naked eye, and the corresponding solar activity on the chromosphere is a flare. When a flare breaks out, it will produce strong high-energy charged particles. When it breaks into the earth's magnetic field, it will produce a magnetic storm, and the compass will suddenly malfunction. C is right. High-energy charged particles will not affect transportation. A is wrong. High-energy charged particles will affect radio communications but have no impact on wired network communications. B is wrong. The meteor phenomenon is a light trace phenomenon caused by meteoroids breaking into the atmosphere and burning with friction. It has nothing to do with flare activities. D is wrong. So choose C.
[Finding Point] When a flare breaks out, it will produce strong high-energy charged particles. When they break into the atmosphere ionosphere , they will interfere with radio shortwave communications; when they break into the earth's magnetic field, a magnetic storm will occur, and the compass will suddenly fail; aurora will appear at the poles.
As my country's first Mars rover, " Zhurong " has landed on Mars and carried out scientific exploration. The temperature on Mars is very low, and the lowest temperature at night may reach minus 85 degrees Celsius. Complete the following questions accordingly.
3. The main reason why the temperature of the Martian atmosphere is lower than that of the Earth is ( )
A. It is smaller than the Earth's mass B. It is farther from the sun C. It is less dense than the Earth D. There is no large area of ocean on Mars. Mars is closer to the asteroid belt
C. Mars revolution speed is fast D. The space environment of Mars is unsafe
【Answer】3. B 4. A
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of 3 questions]
The heat of Mars' atmosphere comes from the sun. Since the distance between Mars and the sun is farther than the distance between the earth and the sun, the atmospheric temperature is lower than that of the earth. B is correct and has nothing to do with the mass and density of the earth. AC is incorrect and has nothing to do with Mars having no ocean. D is incorrect, so choose B.
[Detailed explanations for 4 questions]
The high-speed friction between meteorites and the planet's atmosphere can cause the meteorites to burn and reduce the impact of the meteorites on the planet.Because Mars has a smaller mass than Earth and a thinner atmosphere than Earth, Mars is more susceptible to meteorite attacks. A is correct and BCD is incorrect, so choose A.
[Finding Point] Meteorites, also known as "meteorites", are unburned stone, iron or stone-iron mixed materials that are quickly scattered on the surface of the earth or other planets by cosmic meteors or dust fragments that have deviated from their original orbits. There is an asteroid belt between the orbits of the planets in the solar system, Mars and Jupiter , which is the hometown of meteorites. These asteroids are running in their own orbits and constantly colliding with each other. Sometimes they are knocked out of orbit and run towards the earth. When they enter the atmosphere, they rub against them and emit light and heat, which is called meteors. When a meteor enters the atmosphere, the high temperature, high pressure and internal imbalance generated cause it to explode, forming a meteorite shower .
In October 2020, British paleontologists discovered a group of well-preserved new species of dinosaur fossils in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. It was an omnivorous animal that lived 68 million years ago. It was up to two meters long and had feathers. The picture below is its restoration. Complete the following questions accordingly.
5. The geological age and biological development stage of this dinosaur is ( )
A. Cenozoic era, reptile era B. Mesozoic era, mammal era
C. Mesozoic era, gymnosperm era D. Paleozoic era, fern era
6. Regarding the geological events that occurred in this geological era, the correct description is ( )
A. The formation of the United Ancient Continent B. 95% of biological extinction C. Metal mineral mineralization D. Important coal-forming period
[Answer] 5. C 6. D
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
5 question detailed explanation]
can be based on the knowledge learned Know: Dinosaurs lived in the Mesozoic Era. During the Mesozoic Era, reptiles (dinosaurs, chromosaurs, pterosaurs, , etc.) flourished unprecedentedly, so it is called the Age of Reptiles, or the Age of Dinosaurs. Gymnosperms flourished, C is correct, A and D are wrong; the geological era when mammals flourished was the Cenozoic Era, B is wrong. So choose C.
[Detailed explanation of 6 questions]
From the analysis of the above question, it can be seen that: the geological age is the Mesozoic Era, and the United Ancient Continent was formed at the end of the Paleozoic Era, A is wrong; 95% of the biological extinction occurred in the Permian of the Paleozoic Era, B is wrong; metal mineralization mainly occurred in the Pre Cambrian , C is wrong; both the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Era are important coal-forming periods on the earth, D is right. So choose D.
[Finding Point] The lower limit of the Mesozoic Era was the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event, which wiped out 90% to 96% of marine life and 70% of terrestrial life at that time. It was also the most serious biological extinction event in the history of biological evolution. The upper limit of the Mesozoic Era is the Cretaceous -Tertiary mass extinction event, which may have been caused by the Chicxulub impact event in the Yucatan Peninsula. This extinction event caused the disappearance of 50% of species at that time, including all non-avian dinosaurs.
Indonesian On December 4, 2021 local time, the Semeru volcano located in eastern Java Island violently erupted. volcanic ash smoke quickly rose to an altitude of 12,000 meters. The smoke and dust spread everywhere, and the day near the volcano instantly turned into night. The picture on the left is a schematic diagram of the earth's spherical structure, and the picture on the right is a photo of the eruption of Semeru volcano. Complete the following questions accordingly.
7. Volcanic ash comes from the earth's inner circle ( )
A. Crust B. Lithosphere C. Asthenosphere D. Lower mantle
8. What represents lithosphere in the left picture is ( )
A. ② B. ③ C. ② and ③ D. ③ and ④
9. According to the causes and occurrence of natural disasters, volcanic eruptions belong to ( )
A. Meteorological disasters B. Biological disasters C. Marine disasters D. Geological disasters
【Answer】7. C 8. C 9. D
【Analysis】
【Analysis】
【7 questions detailed explanation】
Volcanic ash originates from volcanic eruptions, and it is generally believed that the asthenosphere is the birthplace of magma, C is right. So choose C.
[Detailed explanation of 8 questions]
The top of the upper mantle (above the asthenosphere) and the crust form the lithosphere. The Moho interface is the boundary between the crust and the mantle. In the figure, ② represents the crust, ③ represents the top of the upper mantle, and ④ is the asthenosphere. Therefore, ② and ③ represent the lithosphere, so choose C.
[Detailed explanation of 9 questions]
Volcanic eruptions occur in the lithosphere and are geological disasters, D is correct; meteorological disasters mainly occur in the atmosphere, such as heavy rains, droughts, cold waves, , etc., A is incorrect; biological disasters mainly occur in the biosphere, such as rat plagues, locust plagues, etc., B is incorrect; marine disasters refer to disasters that occur at sea or on the coast due to abnormal or drastic changes in the marine natural environment. Marine disasters mainly include disastrous waves, sea ice, red tides, tsunamis and storm surges, etc. C is wrong. So choose D.
[Finding Point] The inner circle of the earth can be divided into three basic layers, namely the crust, mantle and core. The crust and the top of the upper mantle (above the asthenosphere) are composed of hard rock, the synthetic lithosphere.
On October 16, 2021, Beijing time, the Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft was successfully launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping, Ye Guangfu3 astronauts successfully entered space and began a six-month mission. The picture below is a schematic diagram of the vertical stratification of the atmosphere. Complete the following questions accordingly.
10. The law of temperature changes experienced by the spacecraft during launch may be ( )
A. Decrease→Increase→Decrease→Increase B. Increase→Decrease one→Increase→Decrease
C. Increase→Decrease→Stay one→Increase D. Decrease→No change→Increase→Decrease
11. The correct description of the characteristics of each layer of the atmosphere in the figure is ( )
A. ① The height of the layer increases with the increase of latitude B. ① The complex weather of the layer is conducive to aviation flight
C. The ② layer contains most of the water vapor and dust D. The ionosphere in the ③ layer can reflect radio short waves
【Answer】10. A 11. D
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanations for 10 questions]
According to the material information, the spacecraft passed through the troposphere , stratosphere and upper atmosphere during its ascent. In the troposphere, as the altitude increases, the temperature gradually decreases. In the stratosphere as the altitude increases, the temperature increases. In the upper atmosphere, air temperature first decreases and then increases with increasing altitude. A fits the meaning of the question, so choose A.
[Detailed explanation of 11 questions]
The ① layer is the troposphere. Generally speaking, the troposphere is thicker at low latitudes and thinner at high latitudes. Error A. The complex weather in the troposphere is not conducive to aviation flight, error B. The ② layer is the stratosphere, which contains very little water vapor and dust. C is wrong. ③ There is an electric layer in the layer, which can reflect radio short waves. D is correct. So choose D.
[Finding Point] The troposphere has four main characteristics. ① The temperature decreases with increasing altitude (because the troposphere mainly obtains heat from the ground, so the temperature decreases with increasing altitude); ② Vertical convection motion (due to uneven heating of the ground surface, the intensity of vertical convection motion varies with latitude and season); ③ The horizontal distribution of meteorological elements is uneven (due to the troposphere being affected by the surface The surface has the greatest impact, and the ground surface is divided into sea and land areas, and the topography is undulating, so the horizontal distribution of temperature, humidity, etc. in the troposphere is uneven); ④ Its thickness is uneven at different latitudes (average thickness of the troposphere at low latitudes: 17-18km; average thickness of the convective layer at mid-latitudes: 10-12km; average thickness of the troposphere at high latitudes: 8-9km).
The picture on the left below is a photo of a vegetable greenhouse on the outskirts of a city in northwest my country. The vegetable greenhouse is covered with black nylon mesh in summer. The picture on the right is a schematic diagram of the heating process of the atmosphere. ①②③④ represents various radiations. Complete the following questions accordingly.
12. The main reason for the large temperature difference between day and night in northwest my country is ( )
A. ① weak, ④ strong B. ② strong, ③ weak C. ① strong, ③ weak D. ② weak, ④ strong
13. The vegetable greenhouse is covered with black nylon mesh in summer for the purpose of ( )
A. weaken ① B. weaken ② C. enhance ③ D. enhance ④
[Answer] 12. C 13. A
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanations for 12 questions]
From what we have learned, we can know that northwest my country has less precipitation, more sunny days, and less cloud cover during the day. The atmosphere's weakening effect on solar radiation ② is weak, and the solar radiation reaching the ground is strong, so ① is strong, and the temperature is high. AB is wrong. The weather is clear at night, the atmospheric reverse radiation is weak, and the insulation effect is weak, so ③ should be weak and the temperature is low, so the temperature difference between day and night is large, and C is correct. It has little to do with ground radiation, D is wrong. So choose C.
[Detailed explanation of 13 questions]
From the knowledge learned, the vegetable greenhouse is covered with black nylon net in summer, which can block solar radiation and reduce the solar radiation reaching the surface ①. A is correct. Covering the black nylon net does not affect the atmosphere weakening effect of ②, B is wrong. Covering the black nylon net will reduce the energy obtained by the ground in the shed, and the ground radiation ④ will be weakened, error D; covering the black nylon net will have little effect on atmospheric reverse radiation ③, error C. Therefore choose A.
[Finding Point] The reason for the large temperature difference between day and night: There are few clouds on sunny days, and the atmosphere's weakening effect on solar radiation and its effect on the ground's insulation are weak.
A geography team used the device in the picture below to conduct simulation experiments on the water cycle. Read the picture and complete the following questions.
14. The water cycle links that this experimental device cannot simulate are ( )
① Evaporation ② Water vapor transport ③ Precipitation ④ Surface runoff ⑤ Infiltration ⑥ Underground runoff
A
①③⑤ B. ②④⑥ C. ①⑤⑥ D. ④⑤⑥
15. The following measures can increase the amount of water in the tray: ( )
① Reduce the length of the glass tube ② Increase the flame of alcohol lamp
③ Increase the amount of ice cubes on the glass surface ④ Increase the size of the horizontal tray
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ①④
【Answer】14. D 15. B
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[14 questions detailed explanation]
According to the picture analysis, the water in the flask is heated and evaporates to form water vapor, which is transported to the bottom of the glass plate through the glass tube, and condenses to form precipitation when it encounters condensation. However, the water on the tray cannot infiltrate. The tray is horizontal and the water does not flow. Therefore, this experiment cannot simulate the infiltration and runoff (surface runoff and underground runoff) of the natural water cycle. It can simulate evaporation, water vapor transport, and precipitation. From this, it can be seen that item D is consistent with the meaning of the question. Therefore, exclude ABC from this question and choose D.
[15 Questions Detailed Explanation]
If you want to increase the amount of water in the tray, you should increase the amount of precipitation. You can change it to an alcohol lamp with a larger flame to provide more heat to form more water vapor. Place more ice cubes on the glass plate to increase the coverage of ice cubes, increase the cooling range, and increase the cooling area, so that more water vapor condenses to form precipitation, thereby increasing the amount of water in the tray. ②③Correct. Reducing the length of the glass tube and increasing the size of the horizontal tray have little effect on increasing the water volume. ①④Error. B is correct, ACD is wrong. Therefore, choose B for this question.
[Finding Point] The key to answering this question is to fully understand the meaning of each link of the water cycle and be able to skillfully transfer and apply the knowledge. The main links of the water cycle include: evaporation, water vapor transport, precipitation, surface runoff, infiltration, underground runoff, etc. Among them, the surface runoff link is the most easily affected by humans.
" Sponge City " means that green spaces, parks, wetlands, etc. in the city can act like sponges, "retaining water" when it rains and "releasing water" when needed. The picture below is a real picture of Chongqing Rain Garden. Read the picture and complete the following questions.
16. The most direct effect of the gap in the curb stone in the picture is ( )
A. Eliminate urban environmental pollution B. Reduce the urban heat island effect
C. Facilitate the timely drainage of rainwater in green spaces D. Facilitate the timely drainage of roadside water into sunken green spaces
17. Which of the following statements about the function of rain gardens is correct ( )
A
Water vapor transport speed is accelerated B. Seasonal changes in surface runoff are slowing down
C. Underground runoff continues to decrease D. The cycle of the water cycle is gradually shortening
[Answer] 16. D 17. B
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[16 questions detailed explanation]
Combined with material analysis, Chongqing Rain Garden is a specific manifestation of the "sponge city". The main function is to "storage water" when it rains and "release water" when needed. From reading the picture, we can see that the curb stone gap in the picture connects the road surface and the green space, so its most direct function is to facilitate the timely drainage of road surface water into the sunken green space, rather than the timely drainage of rainwater in the green space. C is wrong, D is correct; urban environmental pollution cannot be eliminated, A is wrong; the curb stone gap cannot directly reduce the urban heat island effect, B is wrong. So choose D.
[Detailed explanation of 17 questions]
Combined with material analysis, the rain garden "stores water" when it rains and "releases water" when needed, which helps to slow down the seasonal changes in surface runoff, B is correct; water vapor transport is mainly realized through large-scale atmospheric circulation , and the rain garden will not affect water vapor transport, A is wrong; it helps to increase infiltration and underground runoff, C is wrong; it helps to stabilize the water cycle, D is wrong. So choose B.
[Finding Point] The positive impact of human activities on the water cycle
① Build reservoirs to change the seasonal distribution of surface runoff, reduce runoff during flood periods and increase runoff during dry periods; at the same time, the expansion of the water surface area and the increase in infiltration will increase the groundwater level, which can increase evaporation and precipitation.
② Diverting water across basins and changing the spatial distribution of surface runoff can also increase evaporation and increase water vapor in the atmosphere, thereby increasing precipitation.
③ Planting trees and protecting wetland resources can conserve water sources, increase infiltration and reduce surface runoff.
④The laying of permeable bricks in cities can reduce surface runoff, increase infiltration, and increase underground runoff.
⑤ Implement artificial rainfall enhancement to increase precipitation.
The picture below is a graph showing the distribution of average ocean surface salinity, temperature, evaporation and precipitation according to latitude. Read the picture to complete the following questions.
18. Among the four curves ① to ④ in the figure, what represents the ocean surface salinity is ( )
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
19. According to the figure, compared with the sea near 60° north and south latitude, the surface water near the equator ( )
A. Low temperature and high salinity B. High temperature and high salinity
C. High temperature and low salinity D. Low temperature and low salinity
20. According to the figure, it can be seen that the reason why the curve value of A latitude ① is relatively large is ( )
A. The water temperature is low B. The evaporation is greater than the precipitation C. There is a lot of precipitation D. The solar radiation is strong at low latitude
【Answer】18. A 19. B 20. B
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[18 questions detailed explanation]
Based on the geographical knowledge learned, It is known that the ocean surface salinity decreases from the subtropical sea area to the high and low latitude sea areas on both sides, and the salinity of the sea area near 60° north and south latitude is different, and the salinity of the sea area near 60° north latitude is even lower (there is a large amount of land fresh water injected near the sea area), so the corresponding curve ①, A pair; curve ② should represent evaporation, ③ represents temperature, and ④ represents precipitation. Therefore choose A.
[Detailed explanation of 19 questions]
According to the above question, ① represents the average salinity of the ocean surface, ③ represents the temperature, and ④ represents the precipitation. Reading the map, we can see that compared with the sea near 60° north and south latitude, the surface seawater near the equator has higher temperature and higher salinity, B is right. So choose B.
[Detailed explanations for 20 questions]
① represents the average salinity of the ocean surface. Near latitude A is located in the subtropical sea area, affected by the subtropical high pressure zone The influence is that precipitation is less, evaporation is large, evaporation is greater than precipitation, and the average salinity of the ocean surface is high, B is true, C is wrong; latitude A is located at a low latitude, and the water temperature is not low, A is wrong; the impact on the salinity of latitude A is not only related to the low latitude, strong solar radiation and large evaporation, but also to precipitation, D is wrong. So choose B.
[Finding Point] The surface seawater of the world's oceans is affected by evaporation, precipitation, freezing, melting and land runoff, and the salinity is unevenly distributed: near the poles, the equatorial zone and sea areas affected by land runoff, the salinity is relatively small; in subtropical sea areas, the salinity of seawater is relatively large; the salinity of deep seawater changes little, and is mainly controlled by physical processes such as circulation and turbulent mixing.
The 28th Qianjiang (Haining) Tide Watching Festival will be held at Haining Yanguan Tourist Resort from September 20 to September 28, 2021 (August 14th to August 20th in the lunar calendar). Complete the following questions accordingly.
21. Regarding the tidal phenomenon, the correct statement is ( )
① There is one high tide and one low tide every day
② The main driving force of tides is the gravitational force of celestial bodies
③ When the sun, earth, and moon are roughly in a straight line, spring tides appear in all sea areas around the world at the same time
④ There are two spring tides and two neap tides in a month
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ②④ D. ①④
22. The ways in which humans actively use tides include ( )
①Rice field irrigation ②Tide entry into the port ③Tidal flat farming ④ Tidal power generation
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①②④ D. ①③④
【Answer】21. C 22. B
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of 21 questions]
The rise and fall of sea water during the day is called "tide", and the rise and fall of sea water at night is called "tide", so there are two high tides and two low tides every day, ① Wrong; Tide phenomenon is a natural phenomenon in coastal areas, which refers to the movement of sea water on celestial bodies ( It is mainly the periodic movement produced by the tidal force of the moon and the sun. Therefore, the main driving force of the tide is the tidal force of celestial bodies, ② Yes; the distance from the moon to the moon is different in different places on the earth's surface, so the tidal force of the sea water in various places is also different. Generally, it is right The tidal force is greater where the moon is facing, while the tidal force of the sea water facing away from the moon is smaller, ③ is wrong; there are two spring tides (new moon, full moon) and two neap tides ( first quarter moon , last quarter moon) in January. ④ is correct, ②④ is correct, so choose C.
[Detailed explanation of 22 questions]
Rice field irrigation requires fresh water, but tidal water is salt water and cannot be used for rice field irrigation. ① is wrong; human beings actively use tides to enter the harbor, tidal flat farming, and tidal power generation. ②③④ is correct, so choose B.
[Finding Point] Tide phenomenon is a natural phenomenon in coastal areas. It refers to the periodic movement of sea water caused by the tidal force of celestial bodies (mainly the moon and the sun). It is customary to call the vertical rise and fall of the sea surface a tide, while the horizontal flow of sea water is called a tidal wave. In order to express the moment of tide, our ancestors called the high tide that occurred in the morning and the high tide that occurred in the evening as tide. This is where the tide gets its name.
Rivers in some areas can naturally cut and straighten. The river water flows straight from the straightened part, and the original curved river channel is abandoned, forming oxbow lake. The picture below is a schematic diagram and landscape diagram of the formation process of an oxbow lake somewhere in the northern hemisphere. Complete the following questions.
23. The main function that leads to the connection of the river channels at the dotted line in the ② stage in the figure is ( )
A. Water erosion B. Water transport C. Water deposition D. Crustal subsidence
24. The natural bending of rivers can be straightened ( )
A. Reduce river flow speed B. Reduce flood disaster C. Increase shipping distance D. Enhance river sedimentation
25. The following areas are most likely to form oxbow lakes ( )
A. Hengduan Mountains B. Hulunbuir Grassland C. Loess Plateau D. Tarim Basin
【Answer】23. A 24. B 25. B
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of 23 questions]
Bent River Channels tend to erode on concave banks and deposit on convex banks. The concave banks at the two bends within the dotted line are constantly eroded. As the erosion continues to develop, the two concave banks become closer and closer to each other, and eventually connect to form a relatively straight river channel. Therefore, the main geological process that leads to the connection of the river channels at the dotted line in the ② stage in the figure is the erosion of flowing water. Water transport and sedimentation are not the main reasons for connecting river channels, so B and C are excluded; if the earth's crust sinks, the terrain is low, and the river is dominated by sedimentation, which will not cause the river to be straightened, so D is wrong. So choose A for this question.
[Detailed explanation of 24 questions]
After the river is cut and straightened, the river water flows directly through the straightened river, and the water speed is accelerated, which reduces the time it stays at the bend, which is conducive to the rapid discharge of floods, thereby reducing flood disasters. B is correct; the natural bending of the river will increase the river flow speed, A is wrong; the shipping distance is shortened, C is wrong; the river sedimentation is reduced, D is wrong. So choose B for this question.
[Detailed explanation of 25 questions]
According to the meaning of the question, we can conclude that oxbow lakes are formed by the natural bending and straightening of rivers, while continuous river bends are mostly due to the erosion of the concave banks of the river and the accumulation of convex banks. It is mostly found in plain areas in the middle and lower reaches of rivers. Options A and C are incorrect; the Tarim Basin is located in an arid area of my country, with strong evaporation and lack of water, so it is difficult to form oxbow lakes. Option D is incorrect; the Hulunbuir grassland has flat terrain, meandering landforms, and many oxbow lakes. Option B is correct. So choose B for this question.
[Finding Point] The formation process of the oxbow lake: ① The river swings to form a bend; ② The river continuously washes and erodes the river bank, and the river meander continues to develop; ③ The river meanders become more and more curved; ④ The river washes and erodes the most crooked river bank, so the river cuts and straightens; ⑤ The river flows away from the straightened part, and the original meander is abandoned; ⑥ The original abandoned river meanders into an oxbow lake.
The geography group of a school in Wuxi carried out the activity of "Observing the Landforms of Hometown". During this process, a student obtained the altitude of an observation point through a mobile APP. The picture below is a schematic diagram of the altitude of the observation point and the contour lines of the place. Read the picture and complete the following questions.
26. Height is an important content of landform observation. The relative height of observation point 5 and observation point 2 in the picture may be ( )
A. 122m B. 82m C. 108m D. 98m
27. Regarding the slope and lighting conditions of places A and B, the correct statement is ( ) )
A. Land A has a large slope and good lighting conditions. B. Land A has a large slope and poor lighting conditions.
C. Land B has a large slope and good lighting conditions. D. Land B has a steep slope and poor lighting conditions.
【Answer】26. C 27. D
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of 26 questions]
The altitude of observation point 5 is 162 meters. The altitude of observation point 2 is between 40 and 60 meters. Therefore, the relative height between observation point 5 and observation point 2 is between 102 and 122 meters. C is correct, so choose C.
[Detailed explanation of 27 questions]
Land A has sparse contours and small slopes, A and B are wrong; Land B has dense contours and large slopes. Wuxi is located in the north temperate zone . Slope A is in the south and slope B is in the north. Therefore, slope A is a sunny slope with good lighting conditions. Land B is a shady slope with poor lighting conditions. C is wrong and D is correct. So choose D.
[Finding Point] In the northern hemisphere, sunlight mainly shines from the south to the north, so the south slope is a sunny slope and the north is a shady slope.The opposite is true for the Southern Hemisphere. The sunny slope is the side where the sun shines. Usually there are more species of animals and plants than the shady slope, and the snow line is also higher than the shady slope.
Whenever the autumn wind blows, the pieces of ginkgo leaves turn from green to yellow, becoming the most gorgeous scene in autumn. From the end of October to the beginning of November, you can go to the Diaoyutai Ginkgo Avenue in Beijing. In the middle and late November, you can go to the Ginkgo Valley in Nanjing, Jiangsu. From the middle of November to the beginning of December, it is a good time to visit the Ginkgo Village in Tengchong, Yunnan. The picture below shows the ginkgo valley and ginkgo leaves. Complete the following questions based on this.
28. Regarding the characteristics of the ginkgo forest, the correct statement is ( )
①The leaves are reduced to needle-like ②The leaves are broad ③Vana and epiphytes are abundant ④Spring leaves ⑤Multiple leathery leaves
A. ①③④ B. ②④ C. ②⑤ D. ②④⑤
29. From Beijing to Jiangsu to Yunnan, the time for ginkgo leaves to turn yellow is different. The main influencing factors are ( )
A. Terrain B. Precipitation C. Light D. Heat
【Answer】28. B 29. D
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of 28 questions]
According to the material "Whenever the autumn wind blows, the ginkgo leaves turn from green to yellow", the color of the leaves changes obviously, indicating that the ginkgo tree belongs to the typical deciduous broad-leaved forest vegetation. The reduced needle-like leaves are a characteristic of desert vegetation, ① is wrong; the leaves are broad, a characteristic of deciduous broad-leaved forest vegetation, ② is correct; the abundance of vines and epiphytes is a characteristic of tropical rainforest vegetation, ③ is wrong; the leaves appear in spring, a characteristic of deciduous broad-leaved forest vegetation, ④ is correct; the leathery leaves are a characteristic of evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation, ⑤ is wrong. ②④Yes, so choose B.
[Detailed explanation of 29 questions]
It can be seen from the materials that the latitudes of Beijing, Jiangsu, and Yunnan become lower in order. The lower the latitude, the more abundant the heat. The higher the temperature, the later it takes for ginkgo leaves to turn yellow. Therefore, the main influencing factor is heat, D is right. The main factor that affects the yellowing of ginkgo leaves is temperature, and it is not necessarily related to terrain, precipitation and light. A, B and C are wrong. So choose D.
[Finishing Point] Deciduous broad-leaved forest: Distribution: Temperate monsoon climate zone and temperate maritime climate zone; Characteristics: Tree leaves are broad, leaving leaves in spring and falling leaves in autumn and winter.
The picture below shows the relationship between soil and other physical geographical elements. Complete the following questions accordingly.
30. Among the following soil-forming factors, the one that is not shown in the diagram is ( )
A. Soil-forming parent material B. Climate C. Topography D. Time
31. The plants shown in the picture are mainly involved in the soil formation process ( )
① The weathering process of solid bedrock ② The accumulation process of organic matter ③The adjustment process of water and heat ④The enrichment process of nutrient elements
A. ①③ B. ②④ C. ②③ D. ①④
【Answer】30. D 31. B
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of 30 questions]
The soil-forming factors that can be visually displayed in the graphic information: solid bedrock belongs to soil-forming parent material, precipitation belongs to climate, and slope belongs to terrain. A, B, and C are correct; no time information is visually displayed, D is wrong. Choose D if it fits the meaning of the question.
[Detailed explanations for 31 questions]
Plants are the source of soil organic matter. The transformation of parent material by plants is, first, the accumulation process of organic matter, and the second is the enrichment process of nutrient elements, ② and ④ are true; climate participates in the weathering process of solid bedrock, ① is false; climate affects the water and heat conditions of the soil and can regulate the water and heat of the soil, ③ is false. ②④Yes, so choose B.
[Finishing Point] Soil-forming factors: 1. Soil-forming parent material: It is the initial state of soil and determines the physical and chemical properties of soil to a large extent. 2. Climate: Directly affects the water and heat conditions of the soil and the nature and intensity of physical and chemical processes in the soil. Under year-round warm and humid climate conditions, microorganisms are highly active and can decompose organic matter throughout the year, causing the organic matter content to tend to decrease. Precipitation and wind also have important effects on soil formation.3. Biology: It is the source of soil organic matter and the most active factor in the soil formation process. Soil fertility is closely related to biological effects. 4. Other factors: terrain, time, human activity.
On July 22, 2021, Typhoon "Fireworks" approached the coast of Fujian and Zhejiang. The Fujian Provincial Meteorological Observatory issued a typhoon yellow warning signal at 6:42 on the 22nd. The picture below shows the sea level pressure distribution map at 5:00 on July 22, 2021 and the satellite image of Typhoon "Firework". Complete the following questions accordingly.
32. The wind direction in Fuzhou at this time is ( )
A. Southwest wind B. Northwest wind C. Northeast wind D. Due east wind
33. Using meteorological satellite cloud images cannot ( )
A. Determine the location of the typhoon center and estimate the intensity of the typhoon B. Monitor the moving direction and speed of typhoons
C. Determine the areas where violent storms will occur. D. Forecast the exact location and time of typhoon landing
34. Regarding the impact of typhoon "fireworks" on our country, the correct description is ( )
A. Summer typhoons bring foggy weather to the coast B. Autumn typhoons cause freezing damage to rice in the south
C. Huge waves destroy coastal equipment and overturn fishing boats D. The sea overturns the rivers and attracts schools of fish
35. The geographical information technology that Fujian Province needs to rely on for the statistics of the affected area and losses of the typhoon disaster and the reasonable arrangement of post-disaster reconstruction work is ( )
A. Remote sensing technology B. Global satellite navigation system C. 5G communication technology D. Geographic Information System
【Answer】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of 32 questions]
Fuzhou is located on the west side of the typhoon center. Since the typhoon center is low pressure, there is a horizontal pressure gradient force (direction from west to east) passing through Fuzhou. The horizontal pressure gradient force near the ground is also affected by friction and geostrophic deflection force. The horizontal pressure gradient force deflects to the right about 45° and is obliquely intersecting the isobars, which is northwest wind, B pair. So choose B.
[Detailed explanations for 33 questions]
The monitoring of typhoons mainly uses meteorological satellites. On the satellite cloud map, the existence and size of the typhoon can be clearly seen. Using meteorological satellite data, the location of the typhoon center can be determined, the intensity of the typhoon can be estimated, and the direction and speed of the typhoon movement and the areas where violent storms occur can be monitored. This information plays a key role in preventing and mitigating disasters caused by typhoons. When a typhoon reaches the offshore sea, radar can be used to monitor the moving direction of the typhoon. A, B, and C are correct; using meteorological satellite cloud images can only estimate and predict the location and time of typhoon landing, but cannot predict the exact location and precise time of typhoon landing. D is wrong. Choose D if it fits the meaning of the question.
[Detailed explanation of 34 questions]
Summer typhoons bring strong winds and heavy rains to the coast, so foggy weather is impossible, A is wrong; freezing damage is caused by cold waves, not typhoons, B is wrong; the strong winds generated by typhoons form huge waves on the sea surface, destroying coastal equipment and overturning fishing boats, C is correct; the sea is not conducive to the gathering of fish, D is wrong. So choose C.
[Detailed explanations for 35 questions]
According to the knowledge learned, the application fields of geographical information technology are mainly as follows: remote sensing (RS) is mainly used for resource census, environment and disaster monitoring (can estimate crop yields , helpful for disaster prevention and reduction); the Global Positioning System (GPS) is mainly used for positioning and navigation, and can provide three-dimensional coordinates, speed and time information; the Geographic Information System (GIS) is mainly used for analysis and processing (for urban information management and services, traffic road management, environmental management and urban planning, disaster prevention and reduction, etc.). According to Fujian Province's statistics on the affected area and losses of the typhoon disaster and the reasonable arrangement of post-disaster reconstruction work, the analysis, query, and processing functions of the geographic information system are useful, D right. Remote sensing has a real-time monitoring function and can only effectively monitor the disaster-stricken area but cannot count the disaster-stricken area and losses. Wrong A; Global Positioning System has positioning and navigation functions but cannot count the disaster-stricken area and losses. Wrong B; 5G communication technology is not a geographical information technology. Wrong C. So choose D.
【Finding Point】Typhoon is one of the severe natural disasters. The direct disaster caused by typhoon is usually caused by strong wind, heavy rain and storm surge. 1. Strong winds and typhoon winds can damage or even destroy buildings, bridges, vehicles, etc. on land. It can also blow debris into the air and cause personal injury. 2. Heavy rain. Heavy rain caused by typhoons can easily cause floods. 3. Storm surge. The storm surge of a strong typhoon can raise coastal water levels by 5-6 meters. As a result, houses and various facilities in coastal areas were washed away, causing a large number of casualties and property losses.
Earthquake disasters often chain other natural disasters. We cannot prevent earthquakes from happening, but we can reduce their impact through disaster prevention and mitigation. The figure below is a schematic diagram of the geological disaster chain. Complete the following questions accordingly.
36. A, B, C and D in the figure are ( )
A. Earthquake, collapse, debris flow, landslide B. Landslide, debris flow, collapse, earthquake
C. Debris flow, landslide, earthquake, collapse D. Collapse, landslide, debris flow, earthquake
37. The following description of the geographical features of areas prone to collapses, landslides and mudslides is correct ( )
A. The surface rocks are broken, loose and full of debris B. The terrain is flat
C. Bedrock is widely distributed on the surface D. Precipitation is abundant throughout the year with small seasonal changes
38. When building roads in areas prone to the above disasters, designers should pay attention to ( )
A. Artificial rain suppression to reduce the occurrence of heavy rain floods B. Excavation of slope toes in large quantities to increase road width
C. Launch satellites to monitor hazards in a timely manner and conduct satellite navigation D. Reinforce roadbed, plant trees and grass to protect slopes
【Answer】36. A 37. A 38. D
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of 36 questions]
According to the material, "Earthquake disasters often chain other natural disasters. We cannot prevent earthquakes from happening. "Combined with the figure, it can be seen that A causes other disasters, but other disasters will not affect A. From this, it is inferred that A is an earthquake. Earthquakes are generally accompanied by collapses and landslide disasters of varying degrees. The locations where landslides and collapses occur during earthquakes generally have the conditions for landslides. Strong earthquakes reduce the friction of the sliding surface, breaking the original balance of forces, causing collapse or landslide sliding. In areas with rugged terrain, landslides caused by heavy rain, snow or other natural disasters carry large amounts of sediment and rocks to form mudslides. Moreover, heavy rains intensified collapses and landslides. Collapses, landslides, and debris flows block rivers and form barrier lakes, so B and D are collapses, landslides, or landslides and collapses, C is debris flows, and A is correct. Therefore choose A.
[Detailed Explanation of Question 37]
According to the analysis of the previous question, it can be seen that earthquakes cause surface rocks to break, loosen, and have a lot of debris, which provides a material basis for collapses, landslides, and debris flows. A pair; collapses, landslides, and debris flows occur. In mountainous areas, B is wrong; areas where collapses, landslides, and debris flows may not necessarily have widespread bedrock on the surface, so widespread bedrock on the surface is not a common denominator of frequent collapses, landslides, and debris flows. False C; frequent collapses, landslides, and debris flows do not necessarily mean abundant rainfall throughout the year, because melting water from ice and snow can also trigger avalanches, landslides, and debris flows, D is wrong. Therefore choose A.
[Detailed explanation of 38 questions]
It is unrealistic to artificially eliminate rain to reduce the occurrence of heavy rains and floods, A is wrong; Excavation of large amounts of slope footing is more likely to cause geological disasters, B is wrong; Launching satellites to monitor hazards in a timely manner and conducting satellite navigation can only provide disaster situations, but cannot avoid geological disasters, C is wrong; When building roads, reinforce the roadbed and plant trees and grass to protect slopes to reduce the occurrence of landslides and debris flows, D is correct. So choose D.
[Finding Point] Debris flow refers to a special torrent that carries a large amount of sediment and rocks due to landslides caused by heavy rain, snow or other natural disasters in mountainous areas or other areas with deep ravines and steep terrain.
Landslide refers to the natural phenomenon in which the soil or rock mass on the slope slides down the slope as a whole or dispersedly along a certain weak surface or zone under the action of gravity due to factors such as river erosion, groundwater activity, rain soaking, earthquakes, and artificial slope cutting.
According to the China Seismological Network, at 13:54 on November 17, 2021, Beijing time, a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurred in the waters of Dafeng District, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province (33.50 degrees north latitude, 121.19 degrees east longitude), with a focal depth of 17 kilometers. Complete the following questions accordingly.
39. The impact of this earthquake on Yancheng was minimal. Regarding the analysis of the reasons, the unreasonable one is ( )
A. The magnitude is small B. The seismic resistance coefficient of the ground buildings is high
C. The covering layer in Yancheng area is mainly rock D. The place of occurrence is far away from the land
40. The correct way to avoid earthquakes is ( ) )
① At home (building), choose bathrooms, toilets and other places that are small and not easy to collapse to avoid shocks
② In the classroom, you can hide under the desk or in the corner
③ In a moving car, do not stop and speed away
④ In the wild, run to the mountains as quickly as possible
A. ①② B. ①③ C. ②③ D. ③④
【Answer】39. C 40. A
[Analysis]
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanations for 39 questions]
Earthquake intensity is a measure of the extent of earthquake damage. Earthquake intensity is related to magnitude, focal depth, epicenter distance, and building seismic resistance coefficients. "This earthquake had little impact on Yancheng" means that the intensity is very small. According to the material, "a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurred" means that the magnitude is small and the intensity is very small, A is correct; the ground buildings have a higher seismic resistance coefficient and are less likely to collapse, B is correct; the material does not mention that the covering layer in Yancheng area is rock, and the terrain in Jiangsu Province is relatively flat, the intensity has little relationship with the covering layer, C is wrong; the earthquake occurred in the sea area of Dafeng District, which is far away from the land, and the intensity is very small, D is correct. This question requires you to choose an unreasonable option, so choose C.
[Detailed explanation of 40 questions]
When there is an earthquake at home (building), you should choose bathrooms, toilets and other places that are small and difficult to collapse to avoid earthquakes, ① true; in the classroom, you can hide under the desk or in the corner to avoid earthquakes, ② true; when you encounter an earthquake while driving, immediately find an open place to park your car, ③ wrong; in the wild, generally grasp the principle of earthquake isolation in open areas, ④ wrong. Therefore choose A.
[Finding Point] An earthquake has only one magnitude and countless intensities. Factors that affect the intensity include magnitude, focal depth, epicentral distance, seismic resistance coefficient of buildings, etc.
2. Comprehensive questions
41. Sherlock Holmes is the great detective written by Conan Doyle. Read the material and answer the following questions.
Sherlock Holmes
One summer night, a murder occurred at the seaside resort in H City. The police station locked two suspects, A and B, but could not judge, so they were brought to Holmes for questioning respectively. Holmes asked them to tell them what they were doing when the crime occurred? A said: "I couldn't sleep all night that day. I sat on the beach, facing the sea and listened to the sound of the waves hitting the rocks. I felt the cool breeze blowing from my back. I had an ominous premonition. After sitting for a while, I went back to the house and listened to music all night." B said: "I was in a good mood that day. I talked with my friends all night long facing the sea, enjoying the comfort of the sea breeze. Feeling very comfortable." After listening to their narrative, Holmes said, "I already know who lied. The liar is the murderer!"
(1) If you think the suspect is _______ (A or B), please draw the diagram _______ in the picture below and explain the basis for your judgment. _______
(2) Please design an experiment to prove your conclusion.
Experimental equipment: a basin of hot water, a basin of ice, a glass container with a small hole on the top, a lit incense stick (can be inserted through the small hole). Draw a schematic diagram of the experiment in the picture below (including the phenomenon you observed)
[Answer] (1) ①. B ②.
③. Judgment basis: The land is cold and the ocean is hot at night, and the wind should blow from the land to the ocean
(2)
[Analysis]
[Analysis] 】This major question sets test questions based on Sherlock Holmes and thermodynamic circulation experiments, involving thermodynamic circulation principles and formation processes, thermodynamic circulation applications and other related content. It tests students' ability to acquire and interpret geographical information; mobilize and apply knowledge and basic skills; describe and explain geographical things, basic principles and laws of geography. Test students' comprehensive thinking and regional cognitive literacy.
[Detailed explanation of Question 1]
Due to the difference in thermal properties between sea and land, there is a thermal circulation between the ocean and the land. The ocean temperature is high at night, forming low pressure on the sea surface, and the land temperature is low, forming high pressure. The wind blows from the land to the ocean, creating a land breeze. According to the material information, A and B are both at the beach. What B described as "enjoying the sea breeze on his face" is the sea breeze blowing during the day. The crime occurred at night and there was a land breeze, so B is a suspect for lying. Ice cubes (left) are placed in a glass container with a small hole at the top. The smoke from a lit incense enters the glass container through the small hole. Due to the thermodynamic circulation in the atmosphere in the glass container, the temperature of the ice cube is low, and the air flow shrinks and sinks. High pressure is formed at the bottom of the ice cube, and the temperature of hot water is high. The air flow expands and rises to form low pressure. The air flow at the bottom of the container flows from the ice cube to the hot water. The air flow at the top of the container is opposite to the bottom. Therefore, you can see that the smoke from the lit incense circulates counterclockwise in the container. As shown in the picture:
[Finding Point]
42. Read the materials and complete the following questions.
Materials - The Yangtze River originates from the Geladandong Peak in the Tanggula Mountains of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and flows into the East China Sea. It has a total length of about 6,300 kilometers and a drainage area of 1.8 million square kilometers. The picture below is a schematic diagram of the Yangtze River Basin.
Material 2 The picture below shows the three landforms in the Yangtze River Basin
(1) In Material 2, the three landforms A, B and C are A________; B____ ____;
[Answer] (1) ①. ② ②. ① ③. ③
(2) ①. Slope aspect ②. Shape of landform ③. Area of landform ④. Spatial distribution of landforms/ground relief/degree of ground fragmentation
[Analysis]
[Analysis] This question uses the landform landscape map and the Yangtze River Basin map as the background to examine the distribution and causes of landforms, the observation order and content of landforms, etc., and to test students' reading and information extraction abilities of graphic information.
[Detailed explanation of Question 1]
A is the origin of the river, with high altitude and significant glacier erosion. It is a glacial landform, which corresponds to ②. B is the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, which is a karst landform and corresponds to ①. C is located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, and its landform is a delta, corresponding to ③.
[Detailed Explanation of Question 2]
In addition to height and slope, the content of landform observation should also be observation of slope direction, landform shape, area, spatial distribution of landform, undulation and fragmentation of the ground, etc.
[Finding Point]
43. A high school student plans to go on a study tour to the Yuntai Mountain Global Geopark in Xiuwu County, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province in the summer of 2022. Read the material and answer the following questions.
Materials - Yuntaishan Global Geopark was established in 2002. It is located at the southern foot of the Taihang Mountains and north of Jiaozuo City, Henan Province. It covers an area of approximately 556 square kilometers. It is a comprehensive geopark focusing on rift structure, hydrodynamic effects and geological landscapes. It is located in the mid-latitudes and has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate. The vegetation types are diverse and have vertical distribution characteristics. Different types of soil are distributed within the scenic area.
Material 2 The table below is the "examination plan table planned by the teacher and students together".
time | TBD | ||||
Location | Yuntai Mountain Global Geopark in Xiuwu County, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province | ||||
Task | ① | ||||
The first day | The second day | The third day | |||
tasks | observe, identify and describe the landforms and landscapes and their main characteristics tasks | observe, identify and describe vegetation and its main characteristics Click | Tasks | Observe, identify and describe soil and its main characteristics | |
pictures | ... | pictures | picture | ... | |
description | landform:... | description | type:... | description | ② |
Material composition (rock): ... | Features: ... | Soil texture: ... | |||
Color: ... | Others:… | Soil profile structure:… | |||
Soil forming factors | biology, ③, landforms, etc. |
(1) Read the above table and summarize the main tasks of the field trip activities ①.
Main tasks: ________
(2) Combined with the given materials, fill in the content represented by ②③ on the following horizontal lines to complete the above table.
②________, ③________
(3) There are many preliminary preparations for field practice, such as data preparation, equipment preparation, and selection of observation points and observation routes. Please list 4 pieces of equipment you think you need to prepare.
Equipment: ________
[Answer] (1) Observe, identify, describe landforms, soils and vegetation and their main characteristics
(2) ①. Soil color ②. Soil-forming parent material (climate, time, etc.)
(3) Camera, satellite locator, record book, compass, umbrella (raincoat), hat, sunscreen, etc.
[Analysis]
[Analysis] This topic is set based on the fact that a high school teacher and student went on a research trip to the Yuntai Mountain Global Geopark in Xiuwu County, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province during the summer vacation. It involves the relevant content of the field trip activities to cultivate students' geographical observation, field trips and the ability to use geographical knowledge to analyze problems. Test students' comprehensive thinking and regional cognitive literacy.
[Detailed Explanation of Question 1]
From the "Examination Plan Table Planned Together by Teachers and Students", we can see that the main task of the field trip activities is to observe, identify and describe the landforms, landscapes, soils and vegetation and their main characteristics.
[Detailed Explanation of Question 2]
According to the third day's task "observe, identify and describe soil and its main characteristics", soil characteristics should be described mainly from soil color, soil texture and soil profile structure. Combining the information in the table, ② is the soil color; according to soil-forming factors including climate, biology, parent material, terrain, and time, combined with the information in the table, ③ is the soil-forming parent material (climate, time, etc.).
[Details of Question 3]
Backpack, map, camera, satellite locator, record book, compass, umbrella (raincoat), hat, sunscreen, medicine, etc.
[The finishing touch]
