I have read "The Analects of Confucius" and taught "The Analects of Confucius". During the teaching process, I have read several annotated books of the Analects of Confucius. They each have their own characteristics and have inspired me, but they are basically research monographs and are not suitable for ordinary people, especially middle school students. Fortunately, now I finally see it. It is "The Analects of Confucius (Middle School Students Edition)" written by Teacher Cheng Xiang. Reading a complete book, I can say it is no exaggeration that it is most in line with the actual practice of classical Chinese teaching and is most suitable for teenagers.
"The Analects of Confucius (Middle School Students Edition)", Cheng Xiang's commentary book for
experts only adds pronunciation and interpretation of difficult words, and sometimes adds some tests. In addition to the pronunciation of some characters and some word definitions, Teacher Cheng's annotation also has lexical and syntactic tips. For example, the commentary of "The Master said: 'Those who are determined to be a good person and are ashamed of being a bad person and are afraid of clothes and food are not enough to discuss it.'": ①心: Use nouns as verbs and set their goals. In: preposition, and "Tao" form a preposition structure as an adverbial. The whole sentence is a post-article sentence, and the central word is "scholar". Shame: The meaning of the adjective is used, and the shame is... ② Not enough: Not worth it. Discussion: The omission of "discussion with it". Usually, this is how our middle school teachers teach. With such an annotated book, it is very convenient to use it.
There are many courses for middle school students nowadays and the amount of homework is large. It is impossible and there is no need to do professional research like experts. In addition to completing the Chinese homework assigned by the teacher, they also have to face various tests including the college entrance examination. Teacher Cheng's annotation book fully takes this into consideration, not only allowing students to understand the annotations and translations at a glance, but also compiled another book "Special Study of the Analects of Confucius" and designed thirteen special topics. Topic 6 is "Important Concepts in the Analects of Confucius", Topic 8 is "Selected Idioms in the Analects of Confucius", Topic 12 is "The Analects of Confucius and Examination", Topic 13 is "The Analects of Confucius" reading self-test questions" (including the selection of characters, explanation of real words, explanation of function words, general explanation of false words, use of word categories, filling in the blanks of famous sentences, translation of chapters and sentences, and selecting chapters and sentences)... is all in line with what students learn in class, and systematic review is convenient for students to use.
"Special Study on the Analects of Confucius"
I want to focus on "interpretation". Teacher Cheng's "interpretation" draws on the research results of many previous experts, which not only helps students understand the contents of the book, but also has a very personalized feature. Judging from the length, there is no equal effort, but if there is something, it will be long, if there is nothing, it will be short. The shortest is only one or two sentences, and the long one or two thousand words are all based on reality. The following points are particularly commendable:
is connected to real life. Interpretation of "The Master said: 'If you don't learn enough, you will still be afraid of losing it."":
This is a sincere reminder to students.
also like the interpretation of "Don't dare not help but worry about funerals, don't be trapped in alcohol":
and other reminders on learning attitudes and lifestyles fully reflect Teacher Cheng's education-oriented approach to teachers.
Analysis of the sense of proportion. Such as the interpretation of "A gentleman cherishes virtue, a villain bears earth; a gentleman bears punishment, a villain bears favor":
This is a very conscientious and realistic analysis.
inspires students to think. 's interpretation of the "Sitting" chapter is very long, about two thousand words. The last paragraph says: "At the end of this chapter, Zeng Xi and Confucius have a dialogue. There are two types of pronunciation in this dialogue. The first type is all said by Confucius alone,... The second type is a dialogue between master and apprentice. This book takes the second type, which is consistent with the unified textbook.... Some scholars also believe that the first pronunciation is good, because Confucius only laughs at Zilu and praises Ran You and Gong Xihua. There is no need for Zeng Xi to raise the following questions." In this regard, Teacher Cheng did not explain in detail, but left it to the students to think about it. Sometimes, two different insights are introduced so that students can distinguish themselves. This helps to cultivate students' ability to think independently.
appropriate citations add interest. For example, the interpretation of the chapter "Who says that microbial growth is high in straightness", Teacher Cheng quoted two experts: "Sun Qinshan's "New Notes on the Analects of Confucius" made an interesting explanation: Who said that microbial growth is simple? Someone borrowed jealous from him. He did not say that his family did not let the borrower hit a wall, but turned to the neighbors to ask for some to hand it over to that person. Bao Pengshan in "Introduction to the Analects of Confucius" directly criticized the micro-student for pleasing others with dissatisfaction. If you have it, you say there, and if you don't, you say there is no. Why is it so troublesome? "This interesting quote adds readability.
expresses his feelings and expresses his feelings. Like the interpretation of the chapter "I have Zhihu": Confucius "I once abandoned high officials in anger, left Lu , and traveled around the countries. Later generations of patriots and kind-hearted people were deeply influenced by Confucius. They were not worried about poverty and humbleness, were not eager to be rich and honorable, and were not proud of it and left... How happy! "This is a sincere appreciation of Confucius' character. From the four words "How happy", we can see that Teacher Cheng is also a person with a temperament. He wants to say it, telling the truth and expressing the true feelings.
writes a book for students, and you must understand students, which is useful to students and is easy to accept. This book is the crystallization of Teacher Cheng's serious study of spirit and rich teaching experience. It is the most suitable annotation for middle school students to read.
(the author is a special teacher in Chinese , and he taught at Jinling Middle School in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province for 51 years, now 81 years old)
(Coordination: Yibei; Editor: Siqi)
