Tsinghua Peking University New Tradition Postgraduate Entrance Examination Er, Tsinghua and Peking University both like to take the study method. Generally speaking, the test questions for research methods are mainly divided into term explanation, short answer, and fill-in-the-blank questions. The essay questions appear relatively less frequently, but they are not low in difficulty, so they also need to pay more attention. In addition, is the study of research and design, , for example: 22 Tsinghua New Transmission Master 440 real questions " designs a design research plan for rumor-refuting themes for online rumors, from the theme, content to steps, etc. ".
For Tsinghua University and Peking University New Postgraduate Entrance Examination E-school, it only takes 3 steps to master the research method, framework - understanding - memorizing. After completing these 3 steps, you can answer at least 99.999% of the research method questions.
So, today we will explain the research methods in detail to you from these three steps.
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Knowledge context
This part will introduce the entire family of research methods in detail in the form of a framework diagram to help everyone grasp the research methods from a macro perspective as a whole.
First of all, it is the long-standing Research method classification . Which ones belong to quantitative research and which ones belong to qualitative research?
In the figure below, we have listed the research method categories mainly included in quantitative and qualitative research. Students who are interested can simply remember it.
understands the general division. The next second point is the preparation work for the study - measurement and sampling .
measurement is the most basic operating method for studying a problem. Without measurement, subsequent research will lose its meaning. The second is the type and choice of sampling. Different studies need to use different sampling methods . The following figure shows you the level, scale, reliability and validity of measurements, as well as the sorting of sampling , to help everyone grasp the knowledge system of measurement and sampling from a macro perspective.
The third and most important point - different research methods ( questionnaire method survey method, experimental method, content analysis method) features, operation steps, and advantages and disadvantages . The following pictures will analyze the relationship between these and the points that need to be paid attention to for you in detail. All the useful information will not be too much to collect it!
When you look at the pictures, you should pay attention to the knowledge points involved in each research method do not need to be memorized. At this critical moment, we only need to grasp the following key points: Conceptual meaning, classification, operation steps, advantages and disadvantages, and precautions . If you examine the other contents in detail, you can take a closer look at them, but basically mastering these points is enough to deal with most problems.
After finishing the knowledge points, let’s look at what form these knowledge points will appear?
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Frequently tested question type
1. Noun explanation
Noun explanation is the most common test question in research methods. Simpler ones will be tested:
▲ Content analysis method 2
▲Experimental method
▲ Questionnaire survey method
▲Case study method
▲ 2 Reliability and validity
…
If it is a little harder, it will be tested:
▲Net ethnography;
▲ Social network analysis;
▲ Discourse analysis method
…
…
These questions are not difficult. You can answer the questions after memorizing them and get full marks in minutes!
2. Short answer
Short answer question is the second high-frequency test point for research methods. The format of the question is flexible and changeable, but the purpose is clear, so you can answer whatever you ask. Moreover, the short answer question score is not high, generally 15-20 points, so there will not be too many variables in terms of difficulty. We can take a look at the following real questions:
▲ As a research method interview, their respective characteristics and purpose. ( Peking University HSBC Business School Financial News 22 years 440)
▲ field access definitions, types, advantages and disadvantages, programs, etc. (University of Science and Technology of China 22 years 440)
▲ Comparative research methods, social views, and communication views of the school of experience and critical. (Chengdu University of Science and Technology 22 years 619)
We can find that the research methods in short answer questions are almost all theoretical knowledge, and biased questions is relatively rare. After you follow the knowledge framework we gave above to straighten out the knowledge, there will be no big problems in answering questions.
3. Discussion of
essay questions have fewer research methods, and if they are published, they will generally not be too biased.
For example, Suzhou University 440 last year issued a question: talk about the characteristics of qualitative research methods, and list two qualitative research methods and introduce them. The question of
is relatively common. The definition and hot topics of qualitative research methods are knowledge points that we are already familiar with. As for the other two qualitative research methods, you can classify them according to the qualitative research methods given in the previous article and select two detailed discussions ( Interview method , discourse analysis method, ethnography, case research method, etc. ).
If the problem is difficult is slightly higher , it will be tested for the contemporary development of research methods, which requires everyone to have some understanding of the new development of research methods. Here we have compiled several emerging research methods for for you, and you can add them to the small notebook!
Social Network Analysis : Social Network Analysis (Social Network Analysis, SNA) has developed in the fields of anthropology , psychology, sociology, mathematics and statistics. It comprehensively uses graph theory and mathematical models to study the relationships between social actors or various tangible or intangible things flowing through these relationships, such as information, resources, etc., and has gradually become a popular social science research method in recent years.
Structural Equation Model (SEM): It is a statistical method to use a linear equation system to represent the relationship between observed variables and latent variables and between latent variables.
Eye movement experiment method : Eye movement experiment method is a research method to explore human subjective feelings through eye movement experiment eye movement tracking technology. Eye movement test is a process of monitoring the user's eye movement and gaze direction when looking at a specific target through sight tracing technology, and conducting related analysis. 80% to 90% of human information are obtained through the eyes. When the eyes obtain external information, they will also produce changes and movements in the pupil area, lens curvature, eyeball position. This eye movement is regular, and it reveals the psychological mechanism of individual cognitive processing .
Common Word Analysis : It is a content analysis technology. It confirms the relationship between topics in the subject field represented by the text by (word or noun phrase pair) in the same text subject, and then explores the development of science. It can use graphs to represent the research status and structure of the current or period of time, similar to the visual research of mining results in data mining.
4. Research and design
What students are most worried about is probably the content of the research and design part.
In fact, research design is similar to practical planning, with certain operating steps and processes. As long as you master the basic steps of designing different research methods, this type of question is basically easy to grasp!
So, research and design has changed so much, what kind of research and design can win the hearts of teachers the most?
The answer is - the teacher's own paper research design.
You can find the papers published by teachers of the corresponding colleges and universities, learn from the research methods, and modify them slightly to form your own research design framework. Here we take a paper published in the International Press this year, "Collective Actions under Social Expectations: Research on the Cognitive Construction of the Public's Willingness for COVID-19 Vaccination" as an example, and explain it to you.
The basic structure of its research design is as follows
. Literature review and research hypothesis
Literature review mentioned the performance and influence of mediation on the social construction of vaccine topic; the direct effect of media contact on vaccination intention, and the explanation of the mediation role of subjective cognition, etc.
(Don’t write specific literature review content during the exam. Just put forward hypotheses after briefly describing the topic)
H1 (a): Mainstream media contact has a significant positive relationship with the audience willingness to vaccinate the new crown vaccine .
H1 (b): The contact with commercial news websites has a significant positive relationship with the audience's willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination.
H1 (c): Social media contact has a significant negative relationship with the audience's willingness to vaccinate the new crown vaccine
H2: The perception of the safety of the new crown vaccine has a significant positive relationship with the willingness to vaccinate the new crown vaccine.
H3: The perception of the effectiveness of the new crown vaccine has a significant positive relationship with the willingness to be vaccinated.
H4: Social norms have a significant positive relationship with people's vaccination intention
H5: Self-efficacy has a significant positive relationship with the willingness to vaccinate new crown
(The number of assumptions should not be too large during the exam, 3-4 are enough)
. Variable measurement
. Variable measurement
. ml0 dependent variable: willingness to vaccinate the new crown vaccine, independent variable : mainstream media contact, commercial news website contact, social media contact
3. Research methods
(I) Data collection and analysis
Questionnaire for this study is from March 13 to 22, 2021. The data was entrusted to the questionnaire Xing platform to randomly distribute 732 copies, and 602 valid questionnaires were collected, with a recovery rate of 82.2%.
(When the exam, you must also write clearly how to issue the questionnaire, how long and how many copies are distributed,
(II) Measurement model analysis (can be simplified to test during the exam)
Model validity analysis; questionnaire pre-survey and modification
(II) Structural model analysis
(II) Structural model analysis
(II) Structural model analysis
(II) Structural model analysis During the trial, it can be simplified into data analysis, such as: using SPSS software for reliability and validity test, and the correlation analysis of the relationship between variables)
. Path coefficient hypothesis verification
. Mediation effect analysis
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Discussion and enlightenment
The above is the analysis of the research design ideas of this paper!
You can make appropriate adjustments according to the actual situation when writing. Do not copy the template, otherwise it will affect your impression scores and you will also appear to be constrained when answering questions.
can be based on the above ideas. You can organize the research steps such as content analysis method, investigation method, and case research method, and form your own unique golden answering routine!
above is the entire content of this research method! I hope everyone prepares for the exam well, and is waiting for you to get ashore!
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