According to the report of " Guangming Daily " on January 4, the research team of Peking University "National College Graduates Employment Status Survey" conducted a questionnaire survey on college graduates starting from June 2021.
1 Results show that in , the number of college graduates who joined the system in 2021 reached 49.3%; the average monthly starting salary calculations for doctoral, master, undergraduate and junior college are 14,823 yuan, 10,113 yuan, 5,825 yuan and 3,910 yuan, respectively.
Survey pointed out that the employment implementation rate of graduates in 2021 is not much different from 2019 before the epidemic, and the graduate destination structure is basically similar to that in 2019. The employment ratio of graduates in units was 32.1% in 2021, a 5.3 percentage point decrease from 2019.
The role of the "reservoir" for higher education talents is significant, with the proportion of admission to the school being 29.3%, an increase of 4 percentage points from 2019. The proportion of freelancing increased slightly (up 0.8 percentage points), the proportion of self-employment was basically the same, and the proportion of overseas and other flexible employment decreased slightly compared with 2019.
Employment income
In terms of employment income, the average monthly starting salary calculations for doctoral, master, undergraduate and junior college in 2021 are 14,823 yuan, 10,113 yuan, 5,825 yuan, and 3,910 yuan ; the median of are 15,000 yuan, 9,000 yuan, 5,000 yuan, and 3,500 yuan, respectively. The survey pointed out that the average income of graduates of all levels of education increased compared with 2019 before the epidemic, reflecting that the quality of employment has not only not declined, but has also risen steadily.
It is worth noting that there are also differences in schools, disciplines and employment areas in the monthly starting salary. The monthly starting salary of first-class university construction universities can reach 10,827 yuan in 2021, the monthly starting salary of first-class university construction universities is 7,346 yuan, and the average undergraduate university is 6,043 yuan. By employment, the monthly starting salary in the eastern, central and western regions is 7,620 yuan, 5,868 yuan and 5,512 yuan respectively, and the employment income in the eastern region is relatively high.
In addition, Graduates of engineering, science and interdisciplinary disciplines have advantages in salary, ranging from 8341 yuan, 7909 yuan and 7838 yuan respectively, ranking among the top three in each discipline category. In contrast, economics and management, which are popular among college entrance examination applications, do not show special advantages in income, indicating that graduates from all disciplines have market demand. The college entrance examination application application should choose subjects and majors based on their personal interests and expertise.
Employment industry selection
In the employment industry selection, the characteristic of high employment concentration in the industry still exists. The survey found that in 2021, education, manufacturing, information transmission, software and information technology services, finance, scientific research and technical services became the five industries with the largest proportion of employment, accounting for 15.1%, 14.5%, 13.1%, 8.5% and 7.4% respectively, totaling 58.6%.
It is worth noting that compared with 2019, education still maintains first place, while the information transmission, software and information technology services industry has dropped from 2 to 3 . The financial industry is still ranked fourth, and the scientific research and technical services industry has replaced the construction industry in fifth place.
From the perspective of industry types, with the deepening of technological innovation and industrial upgrading, positions related to digitalization, R&D and innovation continue to emerge and the demand for recruitment is relatively large, such as big data analyst , automation control engineer, industrial robot system operator, chip engineer, anti-fraud algorithm engineer , cloud computing engineer, etc. The trend of "supply and demand exceeds demand" is obvious.
From the perspective of unit nature distribution, enterprises are the main units that absorb graduates to find employment, and about three-quarters of graduates who have identified work units go to enterprises (73.8%). Private enterprises account for the largest proportion, attracting more than one-third of graduates; state-owned enterprises absorb 25% of graduates, ranking second.Nearly half of college graduates (49.3%) joined the system unit (state-owned enterprises, party and government organs, and public institutions), of which 9.0% were working in primary and secondary schools and universities.
Employment concept
In terms of employment concepts, the employment concepts of "slow employment", "slow employment" and "lazy employment" increased slightly in 2021. 7.9% of graduates chose "not working to go to school" or "others not working for the time being", an increase of 1.8 percentage points from 2019.
Survey shows that there are significant differences in the implementation rate of graduates in 2021. By academic qualifications, the highest implementation rate of master's students in is 82.2% , and the lowest implementation rate of undergraduate students is 74.4%. The implementation rate of junior college students (80.6%) and doctoral students (77.9%) ranks second and third respectively. The implementation rate of graduates of all academic qualifications reaches more than 70%.
According to school types, the implementation rate of first-class university construction universities has the highest implementation rate, reaching 82.2% . The implementation rate of higher vocational colleges and universities is 81.4%, which is 0.4 percentage points higher than that of first-class discipline construction universities. The implementation rate of private colleges and universities/ independent colleges and universities is relatively low, at 70.8% and 71.6% respectively.
subjects, the implementation rates of engineering and science were significantly higher, 83.6% and 79.3% respectively; the implementation rates of education, medicine and agronomy were lower, all below 70%, 66.3%, 68.3% and 68.9% respectively.
