《Economist》Bilingual: Research finds that people who are new to fathers will shrink the cerebrum
Original title:
Parental behavior 3Dad brain
Becoming a father shrinks your cerebrum
Parental behavior
Father's brain
Being a father will make your brain shrink
That may help form parental attachments
This may help cultivate emotional connections between parents and children
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IT IS HARDLY surprise that pregnancy and childbirth, nine months of Enormous changes to a woman’s body, also change her brain.
The nine months of pregnancy and childbirth have caused a huge change in the female body and also changed her brain.
And they do, by causing certain parts of it to shrink.
This change is caused by atrophy of part of the brain.
Fathers, it might be thought, would be unaffected.
People might think that father will not have any impact.
But no. There is evidence that their brains shrink, too.
But that is not the case. Evidence shows that the father's brain also atrophy.
A paper just published in Cerebral Cortex by Magdalena Martínez-García of the Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute in Madrid, and her colleagues, divulges the details.
Magdalena Martinez Garcia of the Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute in Madrid, and her colleagues, divulges the details.
Magdalena Martinez Garcia of the Gregorio Maranín Institute of Health, Madrid and colleagues have just published a paper in the journal Cerebral Cortex, which revealed details.
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Dr Martínez-García’s study followed a group of 40 expectant fathers, 20 from Spain and 20 from America, and also, as a control, 17 Spanish men who did not have a baby on the way.
Dr Martínez-García’s study followed a group of 40 expectant fathers, 20 from Spain and 20 from America, and also, as a control, 17 Spanish men who did not have a baby on the way.
Dr Martínez-García’s study followed a group of 40 expectant fathers, 20 from Spain and 20 from America, and also, as a control, 17 Spanish men who did not have a baby on the way.
Dr Martínez-García’s study followed a group of 40 expectant fathers, 20 from Spain, 20 from America, and 17 Spanish men who did not have a baby on the way.
To measure changes to their brains the volunteers underwent two magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) scans roughly a year apart.
To measure changes to their brains, volunteer dads performed two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans roughly a year apart.
To measure changes to their brains, volunteer dads performed twice a year about two magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) scans roughly a year apart.
To measure changes to their brains the volunteers underwent two magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) scans roughly a year apart.
To measure changes to their brains the volunteers underwent two magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) scans roughly a year apart.
To measure changes to their brains the volunteers underwent two magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) scans roughly a year apart.
To measure changes to their brains the volunteers underwent two magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) scans roughly a year apart.
To measure
In the case of the new fathers, one of these scans was before, and the other after, the birth of the
child.
For the expectant father group, one MSM scan was before, and the other after, the birth of the
child.
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The researchers used the scans to compare the volume and thickness of the cerebral cortex, the part of the brain responsible, inter many alia, for things like sensing perception, language and cognition, with that of the sub-cortex, a disparate collection of structures such as the hippocampus (involved in long-term memory formation) and the amygdala (which regulates fear).
researchers used scan images to compare the volume and thickness of the cerebral cortex, which is the part responsible for other functions such as perceptual , language and cognition, while the subcort is a collection of different structures, such as hippocampus (involved in the formation of long-term memory) and amygdala (regulating fear).
They confirmed that there is a small but consistent decrease in the volume of the corticals of new fathers after the birth of their child.
They confirmed that there is a small but consistent decrease in the volume of the corticals of new fathers after the birth of their child.
They confirmed that there is a small but consistent decrease in the volume of the corticals of new fathers after the birth of their child.
They confirmed that after the birth of the child, the new father's cerebral cortex volume showed a tiny but continuous decrease in the volume of the corticals of new fathers after the birth of their child.
They confirmed that there is a small but consistent decrease in the volume of the corticals of new fathers after the birth of their child.
They confirmed that after the birth of the child, the new father's cerebral cortex volume showed a tiny but continuous decrease in the volume of the corticals of new fathers after the birth of their child.
They confirmed that after the birth of the child, the new father'
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This shrinkage is not, however, evenly distributed.
However, this brain atrophy is not evenly distributed.
The biggest reductions are in the area at the back of the cortex where information from the retinah is processed and interpreted, and in the “default-mode” network, a piece of neural circuitry distributed between three different cortical areas, which is associated with daydreaming, mind-wandering and thinking about the self and Others.
The most atrophy is the area of the posterior part of the cerebral cortex, which is the site that processes and reads information from the retina; in the "default mode" network, a neural circuit is distributed between three different cerebral cortex areas, which is related to daydreaming, distracting, and thinking about yourself and others.
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This pattern partially mimics changes found in the brains of first-time mothers.
This change pattern mimics changes found in the brains of first-time mothers.
For example, a study published in Nature Neuroscience in 2017 by some of the same researchers found that areas of the default-mode networks of their brains also shrink.
For example, a 2017 study published in Nature Neuroscience, found that the default-mode networks of their brains also shrink.
The differences in first-time fathers’ brains are less pronounced than those in mothers, and also more variable—and are, presumably, caused in a different way.
The brain changes of those who are first-time fathers are less significant and more variable—and are, presumably, caused in a different way.
But different physical means can still arrive at the same evolutionary end.
But different physiological pathways can still achieve the same evolutionary purpose.
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The mamas and the papas
Mom and dad
That end is presumably being a better parent.
This purpose is probably to become a better parent.
The authors of this earlier paper also gave the new mothers a questionnaire asking how they felt about spending time with their offspring, whether they thought they understood their babies’ signals, and whether they felt any resentment towards them.
The researchers in this previous paper also sent a questionnaire to new mothers asking how they felt about spending time with their offspring, whether they thought they understood their babies’ signals, and whether they felt any resentment towards them.
The authors of this earlier paper also gave the new mothers a questionnaire asking how they felt about spending time with their offspring, whether they thought they understood their babies’ signals, and whether they felt any resentment towards them.
They found that postpartum changes in brain volume predicted both how attached a mother feel to her child and the absence or otherwise of hostility to it.
They found that changes in postpartum brain capacity can not only predict the mother's attachment to the child, but also predict whether the mother is hostile to the child.
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Examination of the Spanish fathers in Dr Martínez-García’s latest study, by measuring their brain activity while they looked at pictures of both their own baby and other infants, found a similar effect.
Dr. Martínez García found a similar effect by measuring their brain activity when looking at photos of both their own baby and other infants.
It showed that those with the largest reductions in brain volume had the strongest MRI responses to images of their own child compared with images of others.
study showed that fathers with the most reduced brain volume had a stronger NM response when looking at photos of their children.
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Determining exactly how these pro-parental neural changes come about in men is way beyond the current skill of neuroscience.
It is necessary to know exactly the mechanism by which parents' neural changes occur in men, which is far beyond the current skill of neuroscience.
But it is intriguing to observe that, at least in the case of Homo sapiens, a rare example of a mammal in which fathers as well as mothers nurse offspring, similar postpartum parental attitudes seem to be getting wired into both sexes.
But one interesting finding is that, at least in the case of Homo sapiens, a rare example of a mammal in which fathers as well as mothers nurse offspring, similar postpartum parental attitudes seem to be getting wired into both sexes.
But one interesting finding is that, at least in the case of Homo sapiens, a rare example of a mammal in which fathers as well as mothers nurse offspring, similar postpartum parental attitudes seem to be getting wired into both sexes.
But one interesting finding is that at least in the case of Homo sapiens, a rare example of a mammal in which fathers as well as mothers nurse offspring, similar postpartum parental attitudes seem to be getting wired into both sexes.
But one interesting finding is that at least in the case of Homo sapiens, a rare example of a mammal in which fathers as well as mothers nurse offspring, similar postpartum parental attitudes seem to be getting wired into both sexes.
But at least in the case of Homo sapiens, a rare example of a mammal in which fathers as well as mothers nurse offspring, similar postpartum parental attitudes seem to be getting wired into both sexes.
But one interesting finding is that at least in the case of Homo sapiens, a rare example of a mammal in which fathers as well as mothers nurse offspring, similar postpartum parental attitudes seem to be getting wired into both sexes.
But it is intriguing to observe that, at least in the case of Homo sapiens, a rare example of a mammal in which fathers as well as mothers nurse offspring, similar postpartum parental attitudes seem to be getting wired into In their gender, this similar attitude of parents after childbirth is innate.
(Congratulations on reading, this English vocabulary is about 581) The original text of
comes from: Science & technology section of "The Economist" on October 1, 2022.
Intensive reading notes are from: The Road to Free English
Translation and compilation of this article: Fei Min
Edited and proofreaded by this article: Irene
is only for personal English learning and communication.
[Supplementary Information] (from the Internet)
In neuroscience, the default mode network , also known as the default network or the default state network, is a large-scale brain network known to have activities that are highly correlated with each other and are different from other networks in the brain. When a person does not focus on the outside world and his brain is in a state of awake rest, such as daydreaming and thinking wandering, the default mode network is the most common. But it is also active when people are thinking about others, thinking about themselves, recalling the past, and planning for the future. When a person is not involved in a task, the network is activated "default". While DMN was initially noted to be deactivated in some goal-oriented tasks, sometimes referred to as task-negative networks, it can play a role in other goal-oriented tasks such as social working memory or autobiographical tasks. DMN has been shown to be negatively correlated with other networks in the brain, such as attention networks.
A study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience in 2017, pregnancy can indeed change the brain of pregnant women . The researchers scanned and analyzed the brains of women after pregnancy, pregnancy, and delivery, and found that after delivery, the gray matter in certain areas of women's brain decreased significantly, and this phenomenon still exists two years after delivery. Researchers speculate that it may be the estrogen and progesterone produced by mothers when they are pregnant, which causes pregnancy to shape the mother's brain in a special way, making women more sensitive to babies, which is why motherhood is prone to birth.
[Key Sentences] (3)
This shrinkage is not, however, even distributed.
However, this brain atrophy is not evenly distributed.
But different physical means can still arrive at the same evolutionary end.
But different physiological pathways can still achieve the same evolutionary end.
.
That end is presumably being a better parent.
The purpose is probably to become a better parent.
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