(This article was first published on the "Bikanzi Official Document Writing Library" public account, subscribe to the "Bikanzi Official Document Writing Library" public account, and learn writing skills and writing techniques with me)
How to use punctuation marks to be considered correct? This is something most writers are particularly concerned about. People who are used to using mobile phones to communicate do not pay much attention to the use of punctuation standards, but we still need to use punctuation marks accurately when writing articles. To truly master the correct punctuation usage specifications, sometimes reading wrong examples is more effective than reading standard files. Today, let’s take a look at the following examples of punctuation misuse and check whether you have missed it.
1, silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence silence s The following misuse is prone to occur.
1. About (approximately) the number of misuse
Three or four miles away from the other side of the river are shallow mountains, like thin waves and microwaves, with soft lines...
[Tip] Here "three and four" are about (approximately) numbers, and there should be no silence.
2. There is a missing sign between parallel numbers.
This task was completed by Class 3 and 4.
[Tip] From the "joint" we can see that "three and four" are not the same class. The no-no can be missing.
3. During the "Gathering Skill" period, the relevant departments must keep a close eye on the charges of colleges and colleges.
[Tip] "College and College" is a collection of words, which have been agreed upon and cannot be disconnected. For example, " workers, peasants and soldiers ", "primary and middle school students", "three schools of public security, procuratorial and judicial system", etc.
4. Regardless of the content level abuse
Those who come here to participate in the winter camp include middle school students from Hunan and Hubei, college students from Guangxi and Yunnan.
[Tip] The dungeon in "Middle School Students, Guangxi" should be changed to a comma.
5. The dungeon number is misused between sentences
This spring, this province... diversion projects have heavy tasks, difficult projects and large scale.
[Tip] The "heavy task", "difficulty in engineering" and "large scale" in this sentence are not the juxtaposition of components inside the sentence, but the juxtaposition of three subject-predicate sentences, and commas should be used. The same is true when the verb and object phrases are parallel, such as "He often comes here to play chess, taste tea, and listen to books".
6. After the tone, the dungeon
There are so many flowers in the garden, such as Begonia , roses, Milan... colorful and very attractive.
[Point] Adding "ah", "ah", "what", etc. becomes a short sentence, and you don't need to use a comma.
7. The conjunction misuses the dungeon
to participate in this dragon boat race include Yongshun flower boat, Chenxi red boat, and Yuanling yellow boat.
2. Comma misuse
1. Misuse of comma
Our school is... training school , with its own teaching building, library, teaching equipment and teaching team.
[Tip] In this sentence, "teaching building", "library", "teaching equipment", and "teacher team" are all objects of the verb "have", and there is no level size, so just use a dumb symbol between them.
2. Regardless of the content level, abuse
This is a secluded road, with few people walking during the day, and even more lonely at night.
[Tip] Before "Day", you should use semicolon , because the three clauses of this sentence have two meanings, and you cannot display the levels if you do not. Of course, in addition to parallelism, relationships between levels may also be inheritance, turning point, and cause and effect.
3. At the end of the speech man, the comma was misused by
Li San asked: "Where to go?" "Playground!" Wang Er replied, and the two words were spoken very heavily, which made Li San a little confused.
[Pull] After the quoted words are finished, the punctuation after "say" (Tao, talk, question, and answer) can only be used with periods, and cannot be used with commas and other punctuation marks.
4. The comma was misused before the independent citation
The leader of the Chinese diving team said before going to the Athens World Cup, "The warm-up match before this Olympics is scheduled to complete three tasks, feel the venue, observe the opponent, and find out."
[Tip] The complete direct quote (the period is in the quotes) should be used before.
5. The summary was misused in the comma
Peach blossoms bloomed, red like fire; peach blossoms bloomed, white like snow; tulips also bloomed, yellow and purple colors shining together, and a brilliant spring scenery of all colors.
[Tip] "A good school... Spring Light" is the first three layers of summary, and the comma in the front should be changed to a colon.
3. Misuse of semicolons
1. The summary misuses the semicolon in the previous sentence
Those wearing red vests in the stock exchange are brokers, while those wearing yellow vests are managers and service personnel; this is unified throughout the world.
[Tip] "This is unified throughout the world" is a summary of the previous article, and the semicolon is changed to colon. The reasons for misuse are the same as 12, which means that the relationship between the previous and the next has not been clarified.
2. There are three key points to becoming successful if you don’t have commas in the sentence: one is to be healthy; the second is to be down-to-earth; and the third is to be able to endure loneliness.
[Direction] semicolon is used when the level cannot be distinguished with commas only.
3. If there is a period in the sentence, then use the semicolon
The key to learning is self-consciousness. You must have the spirit of a stupid bird flying first and put pressure on yourself; the key to learning is hard work. We must have a spirit of perseverance and persevere...
[Point] The semicolon and the same period will be replaced to clarify the hierarchical relationship.
4. colon misuse
1. The sentence briefly pauses and misuses the colon
Three middle-aged writers in this province: Ye Weilin , Han Shaogong and Peng Jianming talk about the past together.
2. The misuse of two colons in the same sentence.
. The meeting was just beginning. Principal Wang announced loudly: There are two good news to tell everyone today: First, our school’s moral education work was praised by the province, and second,...
[Tip] One colon is the end, and there can only be one sentence in one sentence. Use commas after this sentence "everyone".
3. Some of the colons were misused before citing
" Regulations on Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters " officially established the principle of "geological disasters caused by natural factors shall be governed by governments at all levels; geological disasters caused by human factors shall be governed by whoever causes them."
[Tip] This sentence quotation is only used as a sentence component and deleted by colon.
4. The same person misuses the colon
. "If you study, you are afraid of the word "serious". "Teacher Zhang said: "It makes sense to be 'attitude'." (04 Tianjin)
[Tip] Use a comma after the "two words", and the colon should be replaced with a comma, because the words "Teacher Zhang" in the sentence are divided into two parts. The colon tube should be an independent and complete sentence.
5. Misuse of question marks
1. Non-question sentences use question marks
After the news that the overpass was built in the west of the city, many people were very concerned about how the overpass would be built? What will happen to the nearly 1,000 trees there?
[Tip] Use a question mark if you have any questions in the whole sentence, that is, you need someone to answer (or ask a rhetorical question). Although some sentences contain questioning words, the whole sentence expresses the tone of statements, and the end of the sentence should be made with a period instead of a question mark. The previous question mark in this sentence should be a comma, and the next question mark should be a period.
2. I used the question marks for choosing questions
. Are you going today? Or go tomorrow? I really can't make up my mind.
[Tip] Although the selection question contains two or more options, it is still a complete sentence, expressing a complete meaning. Therefore, you can only use a question mark at the end of the sentence, and use commas between the items in the sentence. Note: The sentence emphasized here is one.
3. Choose to use question marks
Should I lead them in front of them, or stand behind them and criticize them, or stand opposite them against them?
[Tip] A group of sentences that are selected from several related questions and sentences. Question marks should be used at the end of each sentence. The above is composed of three questions.
4. Misuse
between the inverted sentences "What's going on? Comrades." said the factory director seriously.
[Point] Quotation marks are inverted components and are a sentence, so there can only be one end point, otherwise it will cause incomplete sentence structure. And can only be used at the end of a sentence. Change the method: Change the question mark to a comma, and use the question mark after "comrades". In addition, there is also this error in using exclamation mark and period, such as: ① How beautiful! Winter in Jinan. (Subject-predicate inversion) ② One or two street lights are also leaking in the cracks of the tree. Listeningly. (Attachment and central language inversion) are both misuses.
Special reminder: When the tone of rhetoric is strong, you can use exclamation mark instead of question mark. For example, where is there such a big drop!
6, ellipsis misuse
1. People from all walks of life who participated in this charity event with "Wait" and used
. The ellipsis function listed in the
[Tip] table is the same as "etc." and "etc.", and can only be retained.
7. Misuse of dash
1. The spiritual flowers and plants that grow above the snow line that are rarely visited by words such as "i.e." and "i.e.", are said to be rare treasures - that is, a very difficult-to-find gynecological medicine.
[Point] Here the dash indicates explanation, and the same meaning as "i.e." and "i.e.", can only be retained.
2. The first critical test of the nuclear reactor of the reactor of the first domestic commercial nuclear power plant independently designed and built by my country is successful. It will be connected to the grid within the year.
[Tip] "Qinshan Second Nuclear Power Plant" explains the previous part and belongs to the institutional part of the sentence (otherwise use brackets). "──" should be added before it and the quotes should be removed.
8. Misuse of the title of the book
1. Misused to use the name of courses, institutions, conferences, events, etc.
He saw the admission notice of the "Chinese Culture and World Culture Summer Workshop" jointly sponsored by the Graduate School of a certain university and the editorial board of the "Chinese Culture" in the newspaper, and immediately wrote a letter to register.
[Tip] The title of the book represents the name of the newspaper, article, play, song, etc., but the "Summer Workshop on Chinese Culture and World Culture" does not belong to this, but is the name of the institution and can be emphasized in quotes.
9. Misuse of brackets
1. The non-notation misuse of brackets
Publishing House reminds mail orderers on the order for new social science book collection in the first quarter of 1997: Be sure to write your name and detailed address on the remittance form (the name and number of books purchased are indicated in the remittance form for the remittance form).
[Tip] The words in brackets are used to comment the previous text. To determine whether it is used properly, it depends on whether the text in the brackets is in the previous content of the comment.If the "Note the title and number of books purchased in the remittance form" here is not annotated with the "detailed address", brackets should not be used, but should be deleted and a comma should be added after the "address".
2. The bracket position is incorrect
①Writing an article should strive to "no remaining words in the sentence, no long words in the article". (Jiang Kui's "Bai Shi Poetry")
② There is no road on the ground, and as more people walk, it becomes a road (Lu Xun's "Hometown HTML ").
[Point] If the text in brackets is part of the comment sentence, the brackets should be closely followed after the annotated content. If the period of sentence ① should be moved to the end of brackets; if the entire sentence is commented, it should be placed outside the period, and the period of sentence ② should be advanced to "become a road".
10. Misuse of quotes
1. Abuse of quotes
When the sun is completely obscured by the moon's figure, compared with the "Hair-Pop" comet that is looming in the goddess Prajna, clear Mercury is brightly accompanied by the blackened sun, and Venus, Jupiter is also the same as the sky now.
[Point] According to the quotation range of the quotation marks of the "Punctuation Quotation Method", it can be seen that the "Haier-Pope" in the sentence is not the object to be emphasized, nor is it a word with special meaning. Therefore, improper quotation is an abuse and should be removed.
2. Indirect quotation misuse
Wu Ming told me in the morning: "He sprained his ankle, and he can't come to class today."
[Tip] This is obviously an indirect quotation here. If it is a direct quote, it can only be "My feet... can't come to class." The quotes should be removed and the colon should be changed to a comma.
3. The range of addition is unclear
Aunt Geng said to her son: "Great success, say hello when you see someone you should say hello when you should, and be polite when you should be polite. Don't be afraid of people making jokes. As the saying goes, 'It's not a big deal for people to be polite.'"
[Tip] There are two errors in this question: one is that the range of addition is unclear. Generally speaking, quotes indicate words directly quoted in the text, some specific titles, words with special meanings, or objects that need to be emphasized. This sentence should be said to be "There are many rituals and people don't blame each other", so the word "女" should be placed after single quotes, because it is the tone of the speaker. Another point is that the colon should be deleted after "as the saying goes".
4. The punctuation position at the end of the quote is wrong
①Lu You 's poem says: "If you want to learn poetry, your skill is beyond poetry."
② Composition should be done as "the characters of flatness show strangeness, common characters show dangerousness, old characters show newness, and plain characters show color."
[Point] Quotations are independent, and the punctuation at the end should be placed in the quotes; if it is only part of the author's own words, no other punctuation at the end is used. Therefore, ①② is just used reversely. Special attention: If the punctuation at the end of the quotation is a question mark or an exclamation mark, it should generally be retained even as an integral part of the author's words. For example, Luda walked to the door and called "Zheng Tu!"; if there are quotations in the quotes, then use single quote .
