(I) Ancient Chinese literature
1. Pre-Qin literature
(1) my country's first collection of poetry - " Book of Songs "
① "Book of Songs": my country's first collection of poetry, which contains 305 poems from the Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn Period.
② In the pre-Qin period, the Book of Songs was collectively called "Book of Songs" or " Poems Three Hundred "; it was not until the Emperor Wu of Han that it was named "Book of Songs".
③The content is divided into three parts: "Feng", "Ya" and "Song"; the expression method is "Fu", "Bi" and "Xing".
④The famous works of the Book of Songs include: "号比比", "号比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比比�
⑤The Book of Songs laid the realistic foundation of Chinese classical poetry.
(2) Qu Yuan
① The great patriotic poet in the history of Chinese literature lived in the middle and late stages of Warring States .
② " Chuci " is a poetic style created by Qu Yuan, a great poet in the Warring States Period. The work uses the literary style and dialect rhyme of Chu (now the two lakes and one area), and describes the mountains, rivers, characters and historical style of Chu, and has strong local characteristics. The sentences are uneven and lively and free, and the word "光" is often used.
③China's first collection of romantic poems - "Chu Ci"
"Li Sao" is Qu Yuan's representative work, an immortal romantic masterpiece, and the first lyric poem in ancient my country . The famous line in the poem is: "The road is long and arduous, and I will search up and down." It laid the foundation of romanticism in our classical poetry.
④ There are often "Fengcao" in the history of Chinese poetry;
"Feng" refers to the "National Style" in the Book of Songs, and "Sao" refers to "Li Sao".
The first political lyric poem in ancient my country - "Li Sao";
The first long narrative poem in Han Dynasty - Han Dynasty · "The Peacock Flying Southeast".
2. Poetry and prose from the pre-Qin period
(1) Pre-Qin historical prose
① " Shangshu ": Ancient books, which record ancient history, from Tang and Yu to Shangzhou. The author is unknown.
② " Spring and Autumn ": my country's first chronicle history book, with more than 240 years of history from Lu Yin Gong to Lu Ai Public. Kongzi compiled. The notes are simple, similar to the current news title.
③ "Zuo Zhuan": The first chronicle historical book in my country that has been recorded in detail was written for the Spring and Autumn Period. It has been recorded for 13 years more than "Spring and Autumn Period". The author is the historian of Lu State Zuo Qiu Ming .
④《Mandarin》: my country's earliest national-style historical book, with content ranging from Zhou Wang Mu to Zhou Zhending King , Zhou Zhending King , rumored that the author is Zuo Qiuming.
⑤ "National Policy": also known as "Warring States Policy", it is a compilation of historical materials from in the Warring States Period and a national historical book. Western Han Liu Xiang compiled.
(2) Prose of the pre-Qin philosophers
① Confucian classics—Four books: " University ", " Doctrine of the Mean ", "Analects of Confucius", " Mencius "
a. "Analects of Confucius": Quotations, Spring and Autumn· Confucius, named Qiu; it is a collection of quotations compiled by Confucius' disciples and disciples who recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples; "benevolence".
b. "Mencius": Discussion on the style of the lecture, Mencius of the Warring States Period, was named Ke; "benevolent government", "benevolent theory", "benevolent in nature", "people are more valuable than kings".
c. "The Great Learning": Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period· Zeng Zi , an important work discussing educational theory in ancient China;
d. "The Doctrine of the Mean": "The Warring States Period·Zi Si, a moral philosophy monograph on the realm of life cultivation.
② "Xunzi": Confucian works.
a. Author: Xunzi of the Warring States Period, name Kuang, the last representative of Confucianism;
b. Materialist thinker proposed "theory of evil nature", "Water carries a boat, and water conquers a boat", "Heaven moves forever, not for Yao, not for Jie to perish";
c. Meng Tian , Li Si , Han Fei , etc. are their disciples.
③ Taoist —— Laozi , Zhuangzi
a. "Laozi": Spring and Autumn·Laozi, named Er, founder of Taoism;
b. "Zhuangzi": Zhuangzi, named Zhou in the Warring States Period;
c. Anecdotes and allusions: The debate between Haoliang; the material and the non-material; Zhuangzhou dreams of butterflies; singing in the drum basin.
④《Mozi》: The Mohist important works
a. Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period·Mozi, famous as Zhai, founder of the Mohist school;
b. He put forward the views of "ethnic love", "not attack", "respect for virtuousness", "suprememberment", "suprememberment", "suprememberment", "non-destiny", "non-joyment", "sacrifice", "sacrifice", "sacrifice", and "sacrifice of use". He took sacrifice and use as the core, and took sacrifice and use as the fulcrum.
c. has created a complete set of scientific theories with outstanding achievements in geometry, physics and optics. During the Warring States Period, the Hundred Schools of Interests contend with , and is known as "being neither Confucianism nor Mohism".
d. Two major shows the knowledge of —Confucianism and Mohism.
⑤Other
a. "Han Feizi" important works by Legal . Reflecting Han Fei's thoughts (Han Fei, the master of the pre-Qin Legalists)
b. " Sun Tzu ": my country's first military theory work (Sun Tzu, famous Wu, ancient Chinese military strategist)
c. " Lu Lan ": Miscellaneous representative work. Lu Buwei compiled the disciples. (Lu Buwei, once the prime minister of Qin)
Five Classics :
Poems - "Book of Songs"; Books: "Shangshu"; Rites: " Book of Rites "; Easy: " Zhouyi "; Spring and Autumn: "Spring and Autumn"
Spring and Autumn Three Biography:
"Zuoshi Spring and Autumn Biography", " Gongyang Biography " "Guliang Biography"
(II) Historical
1. "Records of the Grand Historian"
(1) Author: Sima Qian (145-90 BC), a great historian, writer, and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty in my country.
(2) my country's first general history of biography, starting from Huangdi , and then to the Taichu period of Emperor Wu of Han, it is called my country's first "official history".
(3) Lu Xun called "the masterpiece of historians, the Li Sao without rhyme."
(4) Two Sima in the Han Dynasty: Sima Qian , Sima Xiangru .
The first four histories: Records of the Grand Historian, Han Book , Later Han Book , Three Kingdoms .
2. "Han Shu"
(1) Author: Ban Gu, historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
(2) my country's first biography of " Chronicle History ". The Book of Han records the history of the 230 years of the Western Han Dynasty, starting from the first year of Emperor Gaozu of Han (206 BC) to the fourth year of Emperor Dihuang (23 AD).
class Biao family
class Biao: Eastern Han historian and writer;
class Gu : Eastern Han historian, author of "Han Shu";
Ban Chao: Military strategist and diplomat in the Eastern Han Dynasty, who joined the army and was ordered to go on mission to the Western Regions;
class Zhao : Eastern Han historian, writer, daughter of historian Ban Biao, works: " Eastern Expedition Fu " and "Female Instructions".
3. " Zizhi Tongjian "
(1) Author: Sima Guang, Northern Song Dynasty
(2) Chronicle historical book, a total of 294 volumes, completed in 19 years. It is the first general history of chronology in China.
(3) The title of the book "Zizhi Tongjian" means "In view of the past, it is based on governance."
chronological style·chronological style·country style
chronological style
chronological style genres arranged and described year by month in order of time.
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Country style
Taking the country as the unit, it records historical genres that are historical events separately.
