China Youth Network, Beijing, September 2 (Reporter Li Huaxi) Starting from January 1 this year, the "Family Education Promotion Law" will be officially implemented. Article 3 of the "Family Education Promotion Law" clearly states: Family education has the fundamental task of cultivating moral character, cultivating and practicing core socialist values, promoting the excellent traditional culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture of the Chinese nation, and promoting the health of minors. growing up.
So, why is it said that family education has the fundamental task of cultivating moral character and cultivating people? What is the importance and significance? How does family education cultivate morality and cultivate people? What should parents do? What other methods are there? A reporter from China Youth Network had an exclusive interview with associate professor of Capital Normal University and director of China Preschool Education Research Association Xia Jing.
Family is the first environment for "building morals", and family education should shoulder the educational task of building morals and cultivating people
Xia Jing said that to clarify the importance of cultivating morals and cultivating people, we must first trace the origins of the two words. "Establishing virtue" comes from the record in "Zuo Zhuan" that "the most important thing is to establish virtue, the second is to perform meritorious service, and the third is to establish words. Even if it is not abolished for a long time, this is called immortality". "Tree Man" mentioned in " Guanzi Quan Xiu ": A one-year plan is better than tree valley; a ten-year plan is better than trees; a lifelong plan is better than tree people.
"This shows that the Chinese nation has attached great importance to the cultivation of good moral character since ancient times. Not only that, cultivating people with moral integrity is also the fundamental task of education in our country, carrying the responsibility and mission of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." She believes that family is the first priority for children. In a school, parents are their children's first teachers, and family education, as a part of education, should shoulder the educational task of cultivating people with moral integrity.
Xia Jing said that cultivating people with moral integrity, as the fundamental task of education, fundamentally answers the important questions of "who should we train people for, what people should be trained, and how to train people." As the fundamental task of national education, cultivating people with moral integrity needs to be implemented by educational institutions and educators at all levels, including family education.
"Family education is an important part of my country's national education system. It is not only related to the all-round development and healthy growth of young people, but also to the future and destiny of the country and the nation." She said that family education should also be based on cultivating morality and cultivating people. The fundamental task is to cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development morally, intellectually, physically, and aesthetically in coordination with school education and social education.
The "Family Education Promotion Law" proposes to establish and improve a family-school-social collaborative education mechanism. Family education plays a very important role in the collaborative education of "home-school-club". Xia Jing believes that compared with school education and social education, family education has its own particularity and fundamentally has the nature of "building morals" and "nurturing people."
She explained that the particularity of family education is determined by the nature and tasks of the family itself, and is an objective social law. The particularity of family education lies first in enlightenment.
"Family is a child's first school, and parents are their children's first teachers, even lifelong teachers." Xia Jing said that from the moment a child is born, he or she receives all kinds of information from his or her caregivers and is influenced by the environment. All kinds of stimulation, this is the learning process.
From the time a child is born, he or she acquires the understanding of everything in the objective world and the basic foundation of personality and moral character from the family, and the various educational influences they receive in the future are formed and developed at the growth point of the family. She believes that only by raising children upright and exerting the correct influence of family education during childhood can they lay a solid and good foundation for the lifelong healthy development of individuals; on the contrary, if the direction of family enlightenment education is wrong, it will hinder or delay the development of children.
"At the same time, family education has the characteristics of permeability and randomness." Xia Jing said that unlike school education, which is purposeful and planned, family education occurs in daily life and in the interactions between parents and children. What happens in parents’ examples of words and deeds to their children and feedback on their children’s behavior can be said to be education and learning everywhere.
She believes that family is the educational environment, life is learning material, and parents and children are teachers and students of each other.It is this characteristic of permeability and randomness that makes good family education require relatively consistent, stable and correct educational concepts and methods among family members, as well as a good family atmosphere and family culture.
"Therefore, family is the first environment for 'morality'." Xia Jing said that from the moment a child is born, under the influence of his parents, his character begins to enlighten, that is, he gradually forms morals and values, forming a stable and unique character. Personality, and continuous socialization while acquiring sociality, from lawlessness to heteronomy and finally to self-discipline.
"Morality" in the family requires cultivating people, that is, the educator himself has a good character and can become a role model for the children. At the same time, educators need to continue to learn, update educational concepts, improve educational capabilities, and master educational methods. In addition, cultivating people in the family is a long-term process that requires educators to be fully prepared and patient, and the whole family to be consistent and act together to accompany the children's healthy growth.
How does family education cultivate morality and cultivate people?
Xia Jing believes that to explore how family education can cultivate moral integrity and cultivate people, we must understand the difference between being a person and educating people. She said that being a human being and educating people are fundamentally consistent. Therefore, if you want to cultivate virtue in family education, you first need to cultivate virtue yourself.
"Children do not listen to what adults say, but watch what adults do." She said that children's values and morals are formed not by parents' preaching, but by observing and imitating parents' words and deeds in daily life.
For example, she said that if parents want to cultivate their children to be resilient, they need to show the correct attitude towards stress and setbacks in the family, as well as ways to resist frustration and pressure. In the face of setbacks and pressure, do not be discouraged, do not give up, do not blame others or feel sorry for yourself, but actively seek solutions to problems.
At the same time, parents should adopt some good methods to cope with the stress and setbacks in life, such as communicating with others, reading, exercising, etc. Parents also need to do a good job of "explaining", that is, analyzing with their children the problems they face, the way they view the problems, and the positive solutions to the problems.
"It is also important to create a family atmosphere of respect and equality." Xia Jing said that only by growing up in a good family atmosphere can children develop a stable sense of security and secure attachment. A sense of security can enable children to have better emotional perception, recognition and control abilities. It also allows children to dare to explore boldly, not be afraid of making mistakes, and develop independent and proactive personality traits.
"The secure attachment relationship established with the primary caregiver can also enable children to develop more complete personality traits and form a good, long-term parent-child relationship." She believes that the true meaning of education lies in the relationship between the educator and the recipients. Relationships among educators. A good parent-child relationship is like opening a window for parent-child communication. Children will be more willing to get close to and communicate with adults, and will be more willing to imitate the good behaviors of adults. At the same time, they can correctly face criticism from adults, which also helps to develop a sense of order. Establish.
Xia Jing reminds parents that a family atmosphere of respect and equality does not mean letting things go. On the contrary, certain family rules need to be established. Family rules need to be discussed with the children and ultimately made clear to the children. At the same time, the whole family needs to abide by and maintain the rules. "That is to say, in the family, parents do not use emotions to demand their children, but allow their children to enjoy full freedom within the rules."
"Parents must also achieve character cultivation purposefully." Xia Jing believes that families The moral character in is actually character education , which means enlightening morality, cultivating a sound personality and good social abilities. “Then, cultivating people with moral integrity also requires parents to purposefully cultivate character on the basis of understanding the laws of their children’s development."
She gave an example, such as reading excellent picture books, allowing children to empathize with the protagonist during the reading process, so as to think, form their own value judgments, and regulate their own behavior; another example is to establish a stable and reasonable Family rules help to cultivate children's sense of right and wrong, internal order, etc.; another example is holding regular family meetings to communicate through chatting about various things and problems faced by each other in work, study and life, and to solve problems. method, subtly Let children build their own understanding of the world, and at the same time enhance the understanding between parents and children.
Xia Jing suggested that in the process of character development, we should pay attention to encouragement, praise, rewards and criticism, and punish them in parallel. We should pay attention to the development and changes of children, especially To grow up, provide immediate reinforcement; certain behaviors of children, such as intentionally hurting others, lying, doing things that endanger the safety of themselves and others, etc., should be restricted, even criticized and appropriately punished
Source: China Youth Network
.
