- Read the graphic materials and answer the following questions.
Namtso is located in the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and in the central part of the Tibet Autonomous Region (as shown in Figure A). It is the second largest lake in Tibet and the third largest saltwater lake in my country. In recent years, the lake level has risen. The lake is 4,718 meters above sea level. It is approximately rectangular in shape, more than 70 kilometers long from east to west, more than 30 kilometers wide from north to south, and covers an area of more than 1,920 square kilometers. The wind around the lake area is strong and changes significantly. Due to the special geographical environment of the Lake District, Lake District A weather station detected that there are many nights of rain in the rainy season (as shown in Figure B); at the same time, the daily average temperature range during the year changes significantly with the seasons (Figure C).
(1) infers the main reason for the rise in lake water level in Namtso in recent years.
(2) Please use the principle of thermodynamic circulation to explain the reason why Namtso has many nights of rain in summer.
(3) Analyze the reason why the average daily temperature range of a meteorological observation station in August is smaller than that in January.
(4) Do you support the large-scale development of wind energy resources around Namtso? Please explain why.
2. Read the graphic materials and answer the following questions.
When the sea breeze advances from the sea to the land, it encounters the hotter air mass on the land. The interface has front-like characteristics and is called the sea breeze front . The sea breeze front is one of the triggering mechanisms for midsummer convection. A research team observed and studied the spatiotemporal characteristics and circulation background of the Shanghai sea breeze front in the summer of 2011 to 2014 (June to September). The north branch sea breeze front landed from the Yangtze River Estuary (Figure a), and the landed from Hangzhou Bay It is the southern branch of the sea breeze front (Figure b). The research results also show that there are obvious differences in the wind directions in Shanghai when different types of sea breeze fronts occur (Figures c and d).
(1) The sea breeze front in Shanghai mainly appears during the daytime in summer. Analyze its reasons.
(2) explains the formation mechanism of the North Branch sea breeze front in Shanghai from the perspective of wind direction.
(3) Compared with the northern branch of the sea breeze front, the probability of heavy rain caused by the southern branch of the sea breeze front is lower. Try to analyze the reasons.
3. Read the graphic materials and complete the following questions.
Due to the difference between the temperature on the surface of the glacier and the surrounding temperature at the same height, the wind formed by the flow of air masses along the surface of the ice and snow is called glacier wind. The Rongbuk Valley on the northern slope of Mount Everest runs roughly in a north-south direction, and is surrounded by high mountains on the east, south and west sides. Experimenters set up three stations A, B, and C along the bottom of the valley. It was measured that all three stations would be affected by southerly winds during the day. The southerly wind measured at station A was significantly stronger than that at stations B and C. The strength of the southerly wind is jointly affected by glacier wind, valley wind, etc. The picture below is a schematic diagram of the north and south sections of the Rongbuk River Valley.
(1) Briefly explain the formation principle of the southerly wind measured at the three stations during the day.
(2) analyzes the main reasons why the southerly wind at site A is stronger than that at sites B and C.
(3) Briefly analyze the role of the valley wind on the east and west sides of the valley during the day on the southerly wind.
4. The picture below is a simplified diagram of the near-surface weather situation in a certain area of the world on a certain day. Read the picture and answer the following questions.
(1) The order of air pressure from high to low in places A, B, C and D in the picture is ____________________.
(2) The wind with the smallest force among A, B, C and D is ________, and the wind direction in A at this time is ________. )
(3) If place A is not currently affected by frontal weather, then compared with Beijing, the smaller temperature difference between day and night is ____. What is the reason?
(4) After front passes through, the weather changes in Beijing are _________ in temperature, _________ in air pressure, and _________ in cloudiness and sunshine.
(5) Among the 128 patients with cerebral hemorrhage treated in a certain hospital, 116 cases were caused by the passage of cold front . In addition, tuberculosis patients cough up blood, especially infant pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma , etc., have a high incidence rate when the cold front passes through. why is that?
5. Read the graphic materials and complete the following questions. The extensive use of fossil energy will continue to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; the development and utilization of new energy can reduce carbon dioxide emissions and reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Figures A and B in the figure reflect two ways to develop and utilize new energy.
(1) On a sunny day in winter, the maximum indoor temperature in the "sunshine room" shown in Figure A (most of the roof and walls are glass) can reach 22°C without using any heating equipment. Please analyze how the "Sunshine Room" achieves this thermal insulation effect.
(2) In order to reduce the restrictions of natural conditions on agricultural production, many areas in my country use greenhouse technology to grow vegetables, flowers and other crops in winter. According to this explanation, what natural conditions are transformed by greenhouse technology to develop agriculture?
(3) In order to ensure fresh indoor air, ventilation fans A and B and are installed in the "sunshine room". Which one is the exhaust fan? and analyze the reasons.
(4) The development and utilization of new energy can slow down global warming . Please use the relevant knowledge of atmospheric thermodynamics to explain the reasons.
6. Read the graphic materials and answer the following questions.
material 1 Yunnan Shangri-La is located in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an altitude of about 3,300 meters, and the clear sky is very blue. The solar radiation here is strong, but the temperature is low. Local residents make efficient use of solar energy and use glass to build an insulated greenhouse on the south side of the house. The greenhouse forms a circulating air flow with the inner room through the vents to heat the inner room.
material 2 The picture shows the Shangri-La house model.
(1) analyzes the reasons for the high temperature in the greenhouse.
(2) Using the principle of thermodynamic circulation, explain how the greenhouse heats the inner room through the two vents 1 and 2.
(3) analyzes the reasons why Shangri-La has strong solar radiation but low temperature.
Answers and analysis
1. [Answer]
(1) is mainly supplied by melting water from mountain ice and snow. Due to global warming, ice and snow meltwater has increased, and the amount of water flowing into the lake has increased, causing the lake water level to rise.
(2) In summer, the monsoon brings abundant water vapor. Affected by the difference in thermal properties between lakes and land, updrafts prevail in the lake area at night, and water vapor easily condenses to form precipitation.
(3) There is more precipitation in August. The clouds have a strong weakening effect on solar radiation during the day. It is cloudy and rainy at night. The atmospheric reverse radiation is strong and the thermal insulation effect is good. In August, the temperature is high, there is a lot of melted ice and snow, and the lake water area is large, and the lake water has a strong effect on heat preservation. The temperature adjustment effect is obvious, so the temperature difference is small.
(4) Agree. The area has strong winds all year round and is rich in wind energy resources. The development of wind energy will drive the development of related industries, improve infrastructure, drive employment, and increase residents' income. Disagree. The area has a sparse population and low demand for energy; the power transmission distance is long, the geology and terrain are complex, and construction is difficult, resulting in high costs; the wind direction changes greatly and is unstable; the ecological environment is fragile, etc.
[Analysis] (1) The changes in the water level of Namtso are related to its geographical environment and water supply.
(2) Thermal circulation is mainly due to the difference in thermal properties of sea and land, which leads to different air pressures on different underlying surfaces, resulting in different wind directions, which affects precipitation.
(3) The factors that affect the temperature mainly include latitude factors, terrain factors, sea and land factors, atmospheric circulation , pressure and wind belts, ocean currents, weather, underlying surfaces, etc.
(4) This question is an open question, as long as the point of view is correct and reasonable. This question group of
examines the natural environment and development of regional geography and by reading pictures. It is a basic question and is analyzed and answered according to the location and textbook content.
2. [Answer] (1) The temperature difference between sea and land is large in summer, the land heats up quickly during the day, and the sea breeze is strong; Shanghai has a large population, a large urban built-up area, the city heats up quickly during the day, the temperature is higher, and the urban wind is strong; in the northeast and north of Shanghai, In the southeastern suburbs, the sea breeze has a similar direction to that of the city, so the sea breeze is strengthened and can easily push toward the land to form a sea breeze front.
(2) The sea breeze from the north of Shanghai (east) blows the cold air masses from the sea to the northern suburbs of Shanghai (east); the southerly wind from Shanghai blows the warm air masses from the urban area of Shanghai to the northern suburbs of Shanghai (east), and the cold and warm air masses The intersection forms a sea breeze front.
(3) When the wind direction in Shanghai is northeasterly (northern wind), the northeasterly wind (northern wind) has a significant cooling effect on Shanghai, causing the temperature difference between sea and land to decrease and the sea breeze to be weaker. At this time, the south wind that lands in Hangzhou Bay The updraft caused by the sea breeze front is weak and the probability of heavy rain is low.
【Analysis】 (1) According to the materials, the formation of the sea breeze front is caused by the sea breeze encountering the hotter land air masses as it advances to the land; the formation of sea and land breeze is related to the difference in thermal properties of sea and land; in summer, the temperature difference between the ocean and land is large, and during the day The land heats up quickly, and the sea breeze is stronger Strong; the urban area of Shanghai is large, the city heats up quickly, the temperature is high, and the urban wind is strong, so the urban heat island effect is strong during the day. In the northeast and southeast directions, the suburban wind and the sea breeze superimpose, which strengthens the sea breeze and makes it easier for the sea breeze to move to the land. , thus forming a sea breeze front.
(2) According to the materials, sea breeze fronts are formed when cooler sea breezes and warm land air masses meet. Reading Figure c, we can see that when the North Branch sea breeze front forms, southerly winds prevail in Shanghai. The southerly winds bring the warm air masses in Shanghai to the northeast, where they meet the cold air masses brought by the sea breeze from the northeast to form a sea breeze front.
(3) According to the data, the probability of heavy rain is related to the strength of the sea breeze. Reading Figure d, we can see that when the South Branch sea breeze front forms, the northeast wind prevails in Shanghai. The northeast wind comes from the ocean and the temperature is low, which is conducive to lowering the temperature in Shanghai urban area, reducing the temperature difference between sea and land, and the sea breeze is weak. Due to the lower temperature in Shanghai urban area, resulting in The updraft caused by the sea breeze front is weak, and the probability of heavy rain is low.
3. [Answer] (1) The albedo of the ice and snow surface is high and it absorbs less solar radiation. In addition, the melting of the ice and snow surface will continue to absorb heat, making the surface temperature of the ice and snow lower than the atmospheric temperature at the same height; the air near the glacier surface shrinks and sinks. , the airflow flows downhill (north) along the ice and snow surface, forming a southerly wind (glacial wind).
(2) During the day, the valley is less heated, the temperature is lower, the airflow sinks, and the air pressure in the valley is higher, generating airflow moving southward, which has a certain blocking effect on the southerly wind going north. Stations B and C are located in the north. The obstruction is more obvious. Station A, which is closest to the glacier, is most affected by the glacier wind, and the southerly wind is stronger.
(3) Valley wind prevails in the valley during the day. The valley wind pushes the air to the east and west slopes, attracting the south glacial wind to the north, thus expanding the scope of the glacial wind's influence and strengthening the southerly wind.
[Analysis] (1) From the knowledge learned, it can be known that the surface of ice and snow is smooth, has high albedo, and absorbs less solar radiation; in addition, melting of the surface of ice and snow will continue to absorb heat, causing the surface temperature of ice and snow to drop, which is lower than the atmospheric temperature at the same height. should be lower; so the air near the glacier surface shrinks and sinks, and the airflow flows downhill along the ice and snow surface; according to the indicator in the picture, it can be seen that a southerly glacier wind is formed at this time.
(2) It can be known from the knowledge learned that during the day, the Rongbu River valley is less heated, the temperature is lower, the airflow shrinks and sinks, high pressure is formed in the valley, and the airflow moves southward, which has a certain offset against the southerly wind from the north. effect. Stations B and C, which are located in the north, are farther away from the glacier wind and are blocked by the wind, so the wind force is smaller. Station A is the closest to the glacier, so it is most affected by the glacier wind, and the southerly wind is stronger.
(3) From the knowledge learned in the second question, we know that valley breeze prevails in the valley during the day. From "The Rongbuk Valley on the northern slope of Mount Everest runs roughly in a north-south direction", it can be seen that the valley breeze pushes the air to the east and west slopes, thus making the south side The glacial wind moves northward, thus expanding the scope of influence of the glacial wind and strengthening the southerly wind.
4. [Answer] (1) A, B, D, C
(2) B northwest wind
(3) Beijing Beijing is located behind the cold front, and the weather is cloudy and rainy. During the day, the atmosphere has a strong weakening effect on solar radiation, and the temperature is not too high; at night, the atmosphere It has strong thermal insulation effect and the temperature will not be too low.
(4) Decrease Increase Clear
(5) When a cold front passes through, a sudden drop in temperature can induce pneumonia and other diseases in infants; increased air pressure can easily induce cerebral hemorrhage.
[Analysis] This question mainly tests the thermal conditions of the atmosphere, the horizontal movement of the atmosphere, and related knowledge of weather systems. It is designed to test students' ability to read pictures and analyze and mobilize basic knowledge to solve problems. Obtaining system information from graphs is the key to solving problems. The air pressure difference when reading the image in
(1) is 5 hectopascals. According to the value of the air pressure, A is 1020 hectopascals and B is 1015 hectopascals, which is the largest value between 1010 and 1015 hectopascals. Then B should be greater than 1015 hectopascals and less than 1015 hectopascals. 1020 hPa; C is between 1000 and 1005 hPa; D is 1010 Hectopascal, so the order of air pressure in the four places from high to low is A, B, D, and C.
(2) Read the picture to compare the isobars of place B. is the sparsest and has the smallest pressure gradient force. Therefore, the wind force in place B is the smallest. A is located on the east side of the high pressure. Between the pressure gradient force, geostrophic deflection force and friction The northwest wind is formed under the influence of force.
(3) Read the picture. Place A is currently not affected by frontal weather. Compared with Beijing, Beijing has a smaller temperature difference between day and night. Because Beijing is located behind the cold front and has rainy weather, the atmosphere has a strong weakening effect on solar radiation during the day, and the temperature Not too high; the atmosphere has a strong thermal insulation effect at night and the temperature will not be too low.
(4) After the cold front passes, the cold air mass and the warm air mass control the local area. The temperature decreases, the air pressure increases, and the weather becomes sunny.
(5) After the cold front passes, the cold air mass and the warm air mass control the local area. The temperature decreases and the air pressure increases. The sudden drop in temperature can induce diseases such as pneumonia in infants; the increase in air pressure can easily induce cerebral hemorrhage.
5. [Answer] (1) Most of the solar radiation energy reaches the indoor ground through the glass of the "sunshine room". The ground absorbs the solar radiation energy and heats up, and transfers the heat to the indoor atmosphere in the form of long-wave radiation. The ground and atmospheric longwave radiation cannot penetrate glass, thus retaining heat inside the home. At the same time, the closed space also isolates the exchange of indoor and outdoor heat, enhancing the thermal insulation effect.
(2) Light, heat and moisture
(3) A Solar radiation passes through the glass of the "sunshine room" to heat the room. The indoor air expands due to heat (low density) and rises. From the ventilation fan exclusion area A, the outdoor air temperature is relatively low and the density is high. , flows in from the ventilation fan B, thereby forming a thermal circulation to circulate indoor air.
(4) The development and utilization of new energy will reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and the ground radiation absorbed by the atmosphere will also be reduced. Atmospheric reverse radiation will become weaker, and the insulation effect of the atmosphere will weaken, slowing down the temperature increase trend.
[Analysis] (1) This question tests the principle of "sunshine room" insulation, aiming to test students' ability to obtain and interpret information and their ability to mobilize and apply knowledge. Accurate interpretation of the materials and mastering the principles of the atmospheric heating process are the keys to solving the problem. Greenhouse glass plays an effect similar to atmospheric insulation by isolating heat exchange between inside and outside. It can be seen from the figure that most of the solar radiation energy reaches the indoor ground through the glass of the "sunshine room". The ground absorbs the solar radiation energy and heats up, and transfers the heat to the indoor atmosphere in the form of long-wave radiation. The ground and the atmosphere have long-wavelength waves. Radiation cannot penetrate the glass, thus retaining heat inside the home. At the same time, the closed space also isolates the exchange of indoor and outdoor heat, enhancing the thermal insulation effect.
(2) This question examines the agricultural natural conditions of greenhouse technological transformation, aiming to test students' ability to mobilize and apply knowledge. Mastering agricultural location factors and its changes is the key to solving the problem. Greenhouse planting can enhance the lighting effect, ensure indoor heat, and at the same time help maintain indoor moisture and reduce soil moisture loss caused by evaporation. Therefore, the three conditions of light, heat and moisture are mainly modified.
(3) This question tests the principle of thermodynamic circulation and is designed to test students' ability to obtain and interpret information and their ability to mobilize and apply knowledge. Mastering the principles of thermodynamic circulation and accurately interpreting material information are the keys to solving problems. According to the principle of thermodynamic circulation, solar radiation passes through the glass of the "sunshine room" to heat the room. The indoor air expands due to heat (low density) and rises from the ventilation fan exclusion zone A above. The outdoor air temperature is relatively low and the density is high, forming high pressure. The ground flows in from ventilation fan B, thereby forming a thermal circulation to circulate indoor air. Therefore, the air outlet fan is A.
(4) This question examines the heating process of the atmosphere and aims to test students' ability to mobilize and apply knowledge. Mastering the principle of atmospheric heating is the key to solving the problem. Carbon dioxide is the main substance that the atmosphere absorbs long-wave radiation from the ground. The development and utilization of new energy can reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, thereby reducing the ground radiation absorbed by the atmosphere. Atmospheric reverse radiation will become weaker, and the insulation effect of the atmosphere will weaken, causing the temperature to increase. The trend is slowing down.
6. [Answer] (1) The short-wave radiation of the sun can reach the greenhouse through the glass, causing the temperature to rise, but the ground long-wave radiation in the greenhouse can rarely be transmitted out, thus keeping the heat in the greenhouse.
(2) The greenhouse receives more heat, the air expands and rises, and the inner room receives less heat. The air cools and sinks, so the air in the upper layer flows from the greenhouse with high pressure to the inner room with low pressure through 1 vent; the air in the lower layer flows from the greenhouse with high pressure. The inner room flows to the greenhouse with low air pressure through 2 vents. The greenhouse forms a circulating air flow with the inner room through the vents to heat the inner room.
(3) Shangri-La has a low latitude, and the sun has a high altitude; is high; the altitude is high, the air is thin, and the atmosphere's weakening effect on solar radiation is weak, so the solar radiation is strong during the day; but the air is thin, the atmospheric reverse radiation is weak, and the atmosphere's thermal insulation effect is poor , which is not conducive to heat storage, so the temperature is low all year round.
[Analysis] (1) Solar radiation is relatively short-wave radiation, which can reach the shed through the glass and increase the temperature; but the ground in the shed absorbs solar radiation and heats up while radiating outward. The ground radiation is infrared Long-wave radiation, long-wave radiation is rarely transmitted, so that the heat is retained in the greenhouse.
(2) According to the picture, vent 1 is on the top and vent 2 is on the bottom. The greenhouse receives more heat, and the air expands and rises. The inner chamber receives less heat, and the air cools and sinks. Therefore, the air in the upper layer flows from the greenhouse with high pressure to the inner chamber with low pressure through 1 vents; the air in the lower layer flows from the inner chamber with high pressure through 2 The vents flow to the greenhouse with low air pressure, and the greenhouse forms a circulating air flow with the inner room through the vents to heat the inner room.
(3) According to the materials, Shangri-La is located in the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It has high altitude, thin air, and sunny days. The atmosphere’s weakening effect on solar radiation is weak. It also has a low latitude and a high solar height, so the solar radiation is strong during the day; however, Due to the high altitude and thin air, atmospheric reverse radiation is weak at night, and the atmosphere's thermal insulation effect is poor, which is not conducive to heat storage, so the temperature is low all year round.
