#Wutai Mountain##The meaning of human survival##Jinshan Temple#The meaning of human survival#Fanzhi Shangshuangjing Village Jinshan Temple In the five thousand years of history of China, the Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty. The Kangxi and Qianlong prosperous era in the e

Fanzhi Shangshuangjing Village Jinshan Temple

In the long history of China for five thousand years, Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty. The Kangxi and Qianlong prosperous eras in the early Qing Dynasty were not only the most glorious period in the Qing Dynasty, but also the last prosperous era in ancient China.

During the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty, it opened up a vast territory for China, truly achieved effective military control and administrative jurisdiction over the border, and formed a stable national unified situation. "The East, East, Han and the Han dynasties and the Tang dynasties both increased the area of ​​1.7 million square kilometers to China, but they were lost soon. The Qing government added territories to China exceeded four times the inheritance from the Ming dynasty" (Bai Yang's words).

The ancients said: Use martial arts to gain foundation, and use literature to cure it. The cultural and academic undertakings in the early Qing Dynasty were unprecedented. " Ming History ", " Ancient and Modern Books Integrated ", and " Siku Quanshu ", which have been compiled for a hundred years, are the three iconic cultural classics. During the Qianlong period, the story of " Dream of the Red Chamber " was published. At that time, there was a good story circulating in Beijing: "If you don't talk about "Dream of the Red Chamber", it will be useless to read all your poetry and books." Huang Zunxian commented: "Dream of Red Mansions is the first good novel from ancient times to the present. It should be the same as the sun and the moon, and will never be polished forever." By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the study of " Redology " had appeared.

268 years of the Qing Dynasty, it has experienced primitive society, slave society, , and feudal society. This achievement is hard-won and transcends ancient and modern times.

shunzhi Zen Kangxi worship Buddha

Shunzhi is an emperor who studies hard and works hard to govern. He once said, "I am extremely unfortunate. When I was five years old, Emperor Taizong had already had a banquet. The Empress Dowager gave birth to me and was extremely spoiled. No one taught me a lesson. She lost school here. At the age of fourteen, the Nine Kings ( Dorgon ) died, and they began to take charge of the power. I was confused when I read the memorials of the ministers, so I went to study hard." Emperor Shunzhi At the age of fourteen, in addition to handling military and national affairs, he reads at the fifth day of every day, and the sky is clear and bright, so he can recite it. I studied for nine years and vomited blood. He once wrote to himself in the right place: "Don't wait until old age to learn the Tao, all lonely graves are young people." He encouraged himself with warnings.

Emperor Shunzhi started to contact the monk Hanpu of Haihui Temple in Beijing at the age of 20, and understood the general meaning of Buddhism and gave him Zen Master Mingjue. The following year, he summoned the monk Yulin Tongxiu to the capital. Duomeng asked questions and gave him the title of Zen Master Dajue Puji. Yulin's name is Tongxiu, and he was a disciple of Qingshan Yuanxiu in the 31st generation of Linji. Emperor Shunzhi held the etiquette of his disciples and called himself "The Dao Ren". The next year, Mu Chen Daoqin brought his disciples Lu'an Benyue and Shan Xiao Benxi to Beijing. Emperor Shunzhi personally went to the abbot's room to ask about the law, but he did not ask him to submit to his ministers and worship him. When Dao Ni returned to the mountain, the emperor personally sent it out of the north gate, gave it the title of Zen Master Hongjue, and shook hands and said goodbye calmly, with his love exceeding that of his teachers and friends. From this we can see that Emperor Shunzhi must have experience in meditation, and is by no means comparable to those who have only a single understanding of it.

Emperor Kangxi was a talented and very talented and diligent in 61 years. He was the longest-time holy lord in China. He said that he was a weak person to read and recite scriptures and had no time to read Buddhist scriptures. Although he did not personally receive Zen joy like Emperor Shunzhi, he reigned for 60 years and had more protection for Buddhism after his predecessors. Whenever you visit the southern tour, if you meet a Taoist scholar in the mountains and forests, you will be very generous. Emperor Kangxi personally wrote an inscription on the rebuilding of Tianzhu Temple, saying, "The ability to be kind is equal to the favor of life. The achievement of Buddhism and Taoism is related to the hidden secrets of the people. The gate of Prajna will be opened according to the direction, and the territory of benevolence and longevity will all rise to the world." The idea of ​​consistency between Confucianism and Buddhism is obvious.

Emperor Kangxi respected Buddhism and worshipped Mount Wutai five times in his life. He gave two Sanskrit scriptures, fifteen plaques, fifteen poems, more than twenty inscriptions, more than twenty temples, and seven statues of gold-filled Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. He held eight various Dharma meetings and awarded more than six thousand taels of gold and silver. It was difficult to count rare items. He was called the "Son of Buddha's Heart".

In the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, that is, the Mid-Autumn Festival in 1683, Emperor Kangxi climbed to the Falei Temple in the west of Wutaishan, in the territory of Fanzhi , and ordered the rebuilding and personally wrote the inscription: "There is a Falei Temple in the top of the west, and it is located in the city of wide and the secrets of Manjushri. The glazed ground is laid, and the moon is hanging on the peak of the moon... I pity this galan for a long time, and I ordered the tile to regain its tiles... When the dragon and elephant are walking, the golden pavilion is far away from the talisman, and the divine light appears again."In his poem "Looking at Beitai", he wrote: "Looking at the land and sea with vain, this place is the place."

Medical and Consciousness of Zen Qianlong engraving sects

Yongzheng Emperor has been very accomplished in Zen. In the "Imperial Quotations" he said: "When I was young, I was happy to read the inner scriptures, but I only admired the Buddhist affairs... The Holy Ancestor was granted the title of the initiation of Puhui, Guangci, Zhangjia, Hutuketu Lama, and was truly a new person. He was a great good teacher... He got the power and convenience of his goodness, so he knew the final result." Zhangjia Hutuketu Lama, known as " Zhangjia Living Buddha ".

Emperor Yongzheng called himself Yuanming Layman. He liked Zen principles and advocated Pure Land to understand the empty evils of Zen. The Pure Land ancestor took Master Lianchi as a model. He believed that the book "Yunqi Fahui" written by Master Lianchi in the Ming Dynasty was all correct in his knowledge and views, "I want to express the Pure Land to make scholars sit in the water and moon temple, so that they will not discriminate against it and mistakenly slander Prajna."

The 19 volumes of "Imperial Selection Quotations" compiled by Emperor Yongzheng, which are included in the 119th volume of "Wanxuzang". Sui Dynasty Li Shiqian compared the sun with Buddha, Tao with moon, and Confucian with stars. Emperor Yongzheng believed that there was no need to make this obstructive view, but in the same light place, the three religions are different but the same body, and they are parallel and not contrary.

Emperor Yinzheng paid homage to Mount Wutai Manjushri Bodhisattva , entered the mountain from the entrance of Fanzhi Nanyu, and wrote "Six Poems of Qingliang Jiyou", which says "The stone stands like a guide, and I suspect that I have seen a blue bun transform into a child." The Zen poem "The boundless sea of ​​enlightenment enters the head, and there is no need to meditate at the source of the eight waters."

Emperor Qianlong succeeded to the throne at the age of 25. Just when R&F was strong, the country's population exceeded 200 million and the arable land area reached more than 7.4 million hectares. Political stability and economic prosperity were the most glorious era of the Qing Dynasty.

Emperor Qianlong’s “Siku Quanshu” was completed in more than ten years, and the “Translation of the Sutra” took eighteen years to complete. He said: "It is not the ultimate truth of the Buddha to avoid misfortunes and blessings. The first truth is that Buddha does not have any, let alone misfortunes and blessings." It is convenient method of Buddhism to lure sentient beings with good fortune and to stop evil and to do good. There are 18 letters in the Mandarin "Canpu" and 699 volumes, and 2,466 volumes. Emperor Qianlong hoped to popularize the Chinese and foreign people through translation of the Buddhist scriptures, so as to achieve his ideal of unification in the country.

According to statistics, Emperor Qianlong visited Mount Wutai six times in his life, built sixteen temples, wrote more than 200 poems, wrote fifty-one couplets, engraved eleven steles, and built twenty-one palaces along the road. There are three places in the territory of Wutai County, just three places: Tailu Temple , Baiyun Temple and Taihuai Palace, which cost 120,000 taels of silver. Emperor Qianlong pursued the holy traces of the Emperor's ancestors and climbed to the top of the Eastern Terrace in Fanzhi, writing the beautiful poem "Looking at the sea peak and looking at the Yuanyun of the Emperor's ancestors" "The snow-covered mountains are wrinkled and white, and the leaves are dyed yellow by frost. The holy traces the imagination, and the clouds are slim."

Shangshuangjing Village Historical Geography

Shangshuangjing Village is under the jurisdiction of Shahe Town, Fanzhi County, Shanxi Province. It is about 2.5 kilometers north of Chuancaoping Village. Chuancaoping Village is the largest of the four ruins of Liulangcheng in the Song Dynasty in Fanzhi. At an altitude of 1,542 meters, the city walls are built with the mountains, the city is irregular in shape, with a widest place of about 500 meters in the east and west and north and south. Local fellows said that there is a treasure buried under the mounds in Liulang City, and no one can know it.

There is a flat ground in front of Liulang City, called "Jiuchangliang", which was the place where Yang Liulang trained his troops at that time. The place where horse grass is stored is called "Ducao Lawn". Later, due to the flat terrain, it was changed to Sichuan Lawn. There is "Macayu Village" nearby, which is where the Yang family generals are drinking horses. Jiepailing Village was originally named Williamling. It was a place where the Yang family generals in the Song Dynasty practiced archery, simulated mutual attacks, and set up arms. Yangjiayao Village is the residence of the descendants of the Yang family. There is Yuanfeng Temple in the village, which has a long history.

About fifty miles north of Chuancaoping Village is the big, , small stone mouth , which is one of the eighteen passes in Yanmen. " Song History " records: "There are Fanqi, Ruyue, Dashi, Yixingye, Baoxingjun , Bottle Shape, Meihui, Magu Bajiao". Among them, Dashikou and Xiaoshikou are closer to Shangshuangjing Village. They have been defended by garrisons throughout the ages. They were originally under the jurisdiction of Fanzhi, and were only classified as Yingxian after liberation.

Ming Dynasty " Shanxi Tongzhi " believes: "The city is designed to protect residents.Shanxi is under the border, and its defense is particularly strict. It is suitable for its regulations and is beyond the reach of other places. As for towns and camps, it also has forts, and its defense is also dense." Fanzhi is covered with mountain rocks and is away from the pass. It has been a place of war since ancient times. People call it the strange way of peeping Sanjin , which violates the clever classics of Yanzhao . It is actually a key battle between the Song and Liao dynasties. It is the key to the gateway of the country.

Fanzhi's territory from west to east: Malankoudun, 30 miles to Ruyuekoudun, 30 miles to Xiaoshikoudun, 10 miles to Dashikoudun, 40 miles to Beiloukoudun, 50 miles to It is 50 miles southeast to Tai'anlingdun, 50 miles to Tuanchengzidun, 50 miles to Boiling (now flat-shaped) Lingdun. Dashikou and Xiaoshikou are 10 miles apart. Take a shortcut from Shangshuangjing Village, and it is only about 30 miles to Xiaoshikou.

Shangshuangjing Village Shuangjing River

Fanzhi Shangshuangjing Village consists of two new and old villages. The old village is located on the mountainside to the west, with an altitude of 1,228 meters. The new village is located on the ridge on the east, with an altitude of 1,295 meters. The total administrative area is 11.61 square kilometers, with the maximum number of people in the village, and the surnames Zhang and Fan are large families. In the jurisdiction of Fanzhi, the village is the largest village.

There is an ancient castle on the top of the mountain in the northwest of Shangshuangjing Village. I don’t know when it was built. From the small path in the west of the village, through Yinping Village and Xiaoshikou, and traveling north for more than 100 kilometers, you can reach the Desheng Fort and Shahukou of Datong Ma City.

opened from Jiajing in the thirteenth year (1534) At first, Mongolian cavalry went south to invade border many times, burning, killing and looting, resulting in the " Gengxu Incident ". The military and civilians defended the border and resisted humiliation, and were generous and tragic. In the fifth year of Longqing (1571), under the planning of cabinet ministers Gao Gong , Zhang Juzheng and others, the Ming Dynasty reached an agreement on the title of kings, tribute and trade against Altan Khan , ending the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia has been hostile in nearly two hundred years. The reconciliation of the Ming and Mongolian people and the mutual exchange of existence and non-existence provided an opportunity for the Shanxi merchants to successfully go out of Shanxi, go to the whole country, and even enter Eurasian .

Because of the Ming Dynasty, the later Shanxi merchants were found. With the Shanxi merchants, the famous " Go Westward " was found. According to the "Suiyuan Tongzhi", "So those who do business and move, those who work in business and move in farming and return in spring and autumn all move and gradually settle down. , from being alone, gradually becoming a family. At that time, "rest on the border", "the war is not alarmed, the three armies are sleeping in banquets, the people in the border guards protect each other's family, farmers are in the two fields, and merchants are walking at night". In the market, the shops have their own names, including Nanjing Grossgrain Shop, Suhang Silk Shop, Luzhou Silk Shop, Zezhou Pat Shop, Linqing cloth silk shop, velvet thread shop, grocery shop, and each transaction shop extended for about four or five miles. It can be seen that the grand occasion and scale of the transaction. During this period, more than 13 million people left Inner Mongolia in Shanxi alone.

Mingmen and Mutual Markets emerged and commerce flourished. Many prefectures and counties in Shanxi have passed through Ma City and have become famous commercial ports in the northern region. The scene of "nine sides are like Datong , and their prosperity and prosperity will not go to the south of the Yangtze River" has appeared.

By the early Qing Dynasty, the Manchus and Han families were all together. Shanxi merchants carried out trade with Mongolia and Russia due to the encouragement and support of the Qing court's policies, and with their own geographical advantages. It can be said that the trade between Shanxi merchants in the Qing Dynasty against Mongolia and Russia was a typical long-distance trafficking trade. They went south to buy tea and trafficking north, and tea and horses were traded with each other. They communicated with each other, and almost traveled to most of the Qing Dynasty. Its trade goods include everything from silk to onion and garlic. At the same time, "traveling business" and "sitting business" businessmen appeared. They either form caravans or camel teams, or set up shops or businesses, and have organized and planned to invest money in the field of commodity trading in order to obtain high profits.

Dashengkui Business Name is the largest trade in goods against Mongolia opened by Shanxi people in the Qing Dynasty. The number of traders in the business reached thousands of people, and the trade volume of goods reached 10 million taels of silver. At this time, the number of Shanxi merchants in Outer Mongolia alone reached 110,000.

It can be said that the rise of Shanxi merchants supported half of the prosperous times of Kangxi and Qianlong in the early Qing Dynasty.

In summary, Shangshuangjing Village, Fanzhi, Shanxi Province is located at an important node of the historical road. It can provide convenient transportation conditions for Mongolian and Han merchants, and is also conducive to solving the accommodation and dietary problems of Mongolian and Han merchants. In addition, the qi and customs in the country are smooth and the customs are pure, and there are hundreds of them, and they are good at learning.The land is fertile, with lush flowers and fruits, and abundant water resources. It is an ideal planting place for rice, small grains, Chinese herbal medicines and other products in history. It can provide Mongolians with abundant rice and grain products, and even includes plowshare , iron pot, kitchen knives, needles and threads, saline and alkali , candy, cloth, and forged silk and other production and living materials that are prohibited by Mongolians. The products brought by Mongolian merchants include cattle, horse, donkey, sheep and fur products, meat products, Mongolian knives, tea sets, etc.

Shangshuangjing Village Jinshan Temple is the original appearance of Jinshan Temple

Tuyang Ancient Temple Jinshan Temple

Fanzhi Shangshuangjing Old Village Jinshan Temple is one of the larger temples in history on the north bank of Hutuo River . According to the stone carvings inside the temple, the temple was first built in the ninth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1376) and was moved here in the 31st year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1603). The terrain is like a dragon-shaped ridge, the mountains and rivers are still surrounded by mountains and phoenixes, and the left and right springs are always spring all year round. It is actually a place where the sacred traces are enshrined.

"Preface to the Reconstruction of Merits of Jinshan Temple in Shangshuangjing Village" was engraved in the 35th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, that is, in 1770. There are two places in total, and they are now in the temple.

According to the rubbings of the inscription in Li Hongru's "Wutai Mountain Buddhism·Fanzhi Jinshi Chapter": "There is a Jinshan Temple in Shangshuangjing Village. It is a long way to read it, and it has been old in the past years. It is described in recent times, and things can be verified. It has been moved here since the autumn of Wanli of the Ming Dynasty." The temple is first entered into the second courtyard, and it is a huge scale. There were three Buddhist halls, three Ksitigarbha Hall, three Dragon King Hall, three Galan Hall, three Zushi Temple, and three main building, divine shed, theater tower, Guanyin Pavilion, Tianwang Hall, second floor of bell and drum, and large and small mountain gates.

This renovation during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty was mainly a new sculpture Kuixing , which was used to connect the cultural fortune and opened a main entrance to connect the inside and outside. The rest were still slightly rectified due to the old rules, and the carved beams, painted buildings and walls were completely renewed, and the theaters of the gods were very impressive.

The first persons of the manager's association: Zhang Ziyue, Chai Ai, Fan Yingrang, Guo Zhi, Zhang Qing, and Zhang Tiancheng. It can be seen that the surnamed in the village is a big family.

In the second year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, that is, in 1863, because the good people from all directions were enthusiastic and willing to lose, they all gave their own resources, Jinshan Temple was able to rebuilt. This time, the four steles were rebuilt, and the other three steles were named steles for donating flowers, which shows how many names the donors were. The paintings are carefully crafted and elixirs are magnificent, and the scholars and the people pray for the autumn rewards in spring and good weather. "The Monument of the Reconstruction of Jinshan Temple" was written by Wensheng Fan Tingju and Li Yujin. At this time, Fan's has become a prosperous clan in the village and has produced many talents.

In recent years, Jinshan Temple has been rebuilt on its original site, making it more majestic.

Jinshan Temple, photographed in 2022,

Conclusion

Wutai Mountain is the only Buddhist holy place among the four famous Buddhist mountains, which has both Han Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhist temples. In order to unite the Han, Mongolian, Manchu, Tibetan and other nations and consolidate the country, the four emperors visited Mount Wutai many times. All the four living Buddhas came here to recite scriptures and preach the Dharma, and the Mongolian and Tibetan believers even came to kowtow at the age of year, making Mount Wutai a holy place for Mongolian and Tibetan believers to pay homage. Emperor Qianlong believed that: "Mongolian vassals respect Buddhism and value Huangjiao . My emperor's ancestor built a temple here and lived in a lama. In the middle and outside, each of them came to kowtow during the year, and agreed to the teachings of the gods."

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Shanxi merchants walked on the business path for five hundred years and created the historical miracle of "going to the world and connecting to the world", and became the giant of the top ten Chinese merchant gangs at that time. The author believes that the moon will be the first to be close to the water. Jinshan Temple in Shangshuangjing Village is located in a special geographical location, located on the historical "Tea and Horse Trading Ancient Road" between Fanzhi Shajian Post and Da and Xiaoshikou. During the 500th year of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it provided accommodation and food for Mongolian and Han merchants and monks and laymen who went to Wutai Mountain to enjoy incense, which was its main source of incense. Therefore, Jinshan Temple has become a prosperous ancient temple in Tuoyang that has gathered for more than 600 years, praying for blessings and comforting the soul.

Editor of this article: He Xiansen

Author of this article: Qingliang Yiren, President of Shanxi Fanzhi Qingliang Academy, President of Hanshan Culture Research Association, and President of Shichang Education Foundation.

The Double Ninth Festival of Renyin Year, burning incense and bathing hands and writing in Fanzhi Qingliang Academy "Guan My Hall".

Qingliang Academy Introduction:

"Qingliang Mountain in the East Zhendan Kingdom is the transformation of Manshu, also known as Wutai Mountain."

- Excerpted from "Qingliangshan Zhi"

Qingliang Academy is named after it. It was formerly known as Shanxi Fanzhi Student Bookstore (currently 3 branches). It was established on January 8, 2002 and is committed to promoting China's excellent traditional culture for 20 years. It is divided into the first ten years, mainly to promote classic reading projects in four schools including Nanguan Primary School and County Workers' Kindergarten, Experimental Primary School, to continue the Chinese cultural gap. In the next ten years, the bookstore team started its own self-awakening journey and carried out a number of private bookstore "Activate Life Series" training courses in Shanxi Province.

September 1, 2019 Qingliang Academy was established, committed to exploring the local humanistic characteristics of Fanzhi people's "equality, , straightforwardness, and wisdom", building a spiritual home, and continuing the cultural context of thousands of years. The academy holds more than 200 public welfare activities such as traditional festival culture, smart parents lecture halls, and Zhengxin music tea classes every year. The new era spiritual civilization practice point named for the Fanzhi County Propaganda Department, the Fanzhi County Committee for the Elderly's Workshop.

Registered on January 11, 2022 Shanxi Qingliang Pufan Culture Communication Co., Ltd. The Qingliang Pufan culture is spread, based on culture and business as the carrier, and deeply cultivates the regional cultural and tourism characteristics of Dasheng Wutai Mountain's "broad and converge and wisdom" so that people can live in the golden world of Manjushri. Talk about the world, literature and businessmen join together, holding a cool fan in hand, the merciful wind and rain fill the world!

with wisdom and compassion for dual purpose

The vast and unobstructed career