The hundreds of years of Buddhism spreading in Tibet has emerged, with many excellent living Buddhas, some promoting the development of Buddhism, some making political achievements, and some building literature and poetry. Here are some living Buddhas who I personally think are more famous and influential.
1. Padmasambhava: It can be said that the status of Padmasambhava in Tibetan Buddhism is equivalent to the status of Sakyamuni in Buddhism. Padmasambhava is a master of Indian Tantric Buddhism. His Buddhist thoughts are the "Middle Theory" system of Nagarjuna . At the same time, he is proficient in Tantric mantras and is well-versed in profound rituals. During the Chisong Dezan period, when Jihu went to Tubo to pass on the second time, he brought Master Padmasambhava. He defeated the witchcraft of Tubo Bon Buddhism with Tantric magic, which actually defeated Bon Buddhism in terms of discrimination. With the support of Chisong Dezan, Samye was built. He played a very important role in promoting the development of Tibetan Buddhism . The secret methods he passed on were inherited by Nyingma School in later generations and was respected as the ancestor.
Guru Padmasambhava
2, Atisha : If Guru Padmasambhava is the most important master in the previous period of the Hong period, then the most important master in the later period of the Hong period is Atisha. Later generations regarded Atisha as the first person to revival Tibetan Buddhism. Atisha also comes from India. He became a monk at a young age. After studying everywhere, he returned to India at the age of 44. King Damopola welcomed him to Chaojie Temple to serve as a prefect. He also served as the abbot of Nalanda Temple and was famous.
In 1042, King Aliguge invited him to Tibet to spread the Dharma, and began his series of rectifications of the chaotic situation of Tibetan Buddhism at that time, such as prescribing the stage of practice, correcting the tantric rituals, translating sutras and treatises, writing books and missions, etc. He has been teaching the Dharma in Wei and Tibet for 9 years, and his disciple Zhongdunba Jiewazinai founded the Kadam Sect , which has a profound influence on Tibetan Buddhism.
Given that Atisha had a relatively prominent position in the history of Tibetan Buddhism, later generations respectfully called him "Buddha" and summarized his role as: the systematization of doctrines and the standardization of practice.
3. Renqin Sangbo: is the most representative in the post-propagation period of Tibetan Buddhism, and is a very influential translator. He was born in , Ali area, and became a monk at the age of 13. At that time, in order to revitalize Buddhism, King Yixiwo of Aliguge selected 21 promising young people to go to the area of Kashmira (now Kashmiri ) to seek the Dharma, including Renqin Sangbo. However, there were many difficulties along the way, most of them died, and in the end, only Renqin Sangbo and Ma Lebe Xirao learned and returned to Ali . The two of them went to Kashimira times to seek famous teachers. While practicing the local language, they practiced the translation and learned the teachings of exoteric and esoteric Buddhism. They also found it at any time to invite the famous Panzhida monks.
After returning to Ali with many eminent monks from India and other places, they translated many Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures into Tibetan in in Tolin Temple and Tibetan . According to historical records, Renqin Sangbu translated and proofreaded a large number of Buddhist scriptures throughout his life. In terms of , the exoteric teachings, , a total of 17 classics and 33 treatises were translated; in terms of tantras, 108 Tantras were translated. In addition, many medical works have been translated, which also laid the foundation for the development of Tibetan medicine. Therefore, the master was respected as "Lochin" (Great Translator), and was the first five html to re-translate the mantras during the later period. The esoteric scriptures translated from Renqin Sangbo were called "new esoteric methods"; the previous ones were called "old esoteric methods". Therefore, the Nyingma School is the only sect in Tibetan Buddhism that inherits the "old secret teachings".
1042, Renqin Sangbo, who was 85 years old, still worshipped Atisha as his teacher and studied Tantric Buddhism. Because he made great contributions to Buddhism throughout his life, King Lad of Guge respectfully called him "Vajra Amuli". Not only did he allocate certain taxes for him, but he also granted him the Xieer place in Alipuran as a "Keiku", thus setting a precedent for the Tibetan local government to grant land to monks and temples.
4, La Qin Gongba Rao Sai: This master should be the most representative master in the bottom lane propaganda. He was born in the home of a religious believer in the southeastern part of Hualong, Qinghai Province. At the age of 15, he became a disciple of the "Three Sages" (Zangresai, Yue Geqiong and Ma Shakyamuni) who practiced the Dharma at Dandou Temple. He received the Noble Mi precepts, and the Dharma name was Gewarao Sai.Later, he searched for masters from various ways to study Buddhism and took the precepts of monks at the age of 20. Soon after, he went north to Ganzhou (now Zhangye ), and studied under Gaorong · Senggezaba and obtained the Four Laws. He studied under the official Kezaba who had studied in India for 12 years and systematically practiced the "100,000 Prajna Paramita Sutra" and commentary, such as Mahayana Buddhist scriptures. After returning to Dandou Temple, Laqin Gongba Raosai spread Buddhism locally and actively built temples, which became famous. Many disciples came to apprenticeship, including the "Six Jiashi of Kangdi".
At the same time, after hearing the news that Dan Dou spread the Dharma, Yixijianzan, the sixth-generation grandson of Yun Dan, a descendant of the Tubo royal family in Shannan area, sent 10 people to Dan Dou to learn the Dharma in order to develop Buddhism. Then, the precepts of monks were taught by La Qin Gongba Raosa, Zangresai and Yuegeqiong as standardizers, and Ma Shakyamuni and others as Ping. After these 10 people finished their studies, they returned to the Samye Monastery in Shannan to recruit monks and promote Buddhism, thus slowly reviving Buddhism in the Weizang area.
La Qin Gongba Raosa spread the Dharma everywhere. In his later years, he came to Mazang Cliff and lived in seclusion in the cave and reciting until he passed away. Therefore, this place is also called "Mazan Lachin" by later generations. People also painted mud on the master's body and shaped it into images and worshipped to this day. It is said that when Master Atisha came to Tibet to preach the Dharma, he was amazed when he heard the deeds of La Qin Gongba Raosa. He said: "How can all living beings achieve such achievements? La Qin Gongba Raosa may be the incarnation of Bodhisattva."
5, Zhuomi ·Sakya Yixi: He is also a very outstanding tantra master and great translator. He was born in the and hid the Mangka place. Among the 10 people who returned from Dokang's study at that time, Lodun Dorje Wangqiu, at the request of the third son of Zhasiziba, the son of Bekozan, the descendant of Rhondama, sent two disciples to Rula area to preach the Dharma. In order to promote Buddhism, the two selected some young people to study the Dharma in India, including Zhuomi ·Sakya Yixi. Later, Zhuomie ·Sakyayixi studied in India with Nepal for 13 years. After returning to
, Zhuomi ·Sakya Yixi first established Mugulong Temple in Houzang, where he accepted disciples and preached the Buddhist scriptures. During this period, India's Gayadare Panzhida came to Gongtang. Zhuomi went to welcome the teacher to Niugulong Temple and presented 500 taels of gold. His master taught him all the great treasure Buddhist teachings.
Zhuomi Sakyamuni was a member of many disciples throughout his life, the most famous of which was Gong Kejiebu, the founder of the Sakya School, which mainly focuses on " Daoguo Dharma ". Master Zhuomi can be said to be the first Tibetan monk to spread the Buddhist secret method of "Daoguo Dharma" in the Tibetan area. In addition, there are the ancestors of Nyingma Sect, the ancestors of Kagyu Sect, and the ancestors of Kagyu Sect, Marba , etc. Therefore, Marpa once said: "I should learn statements and recitations in front of the translator Zhuomi of Jixiangniugulong Temple. I should know all the favors."
Zhuomi Sakyamunihi is also a great translator. He translated many classics and taught them, thus allowing the profound " Prajna Paramita " to be spread in the Weizang area. In 1075, Master Zhuomi passed away at Mugulong Temple at the age of 83.
6, Niang Ding'Ezeng: A legendary monk's image. After Chisong Dezan's death, Munizan succeeded him as Zanpu , but he was poisoned to death after only one year and nine months in power. It is said that his mother's queen Cai Bang's family was committed. Na Nang and Cai Bang in the foreign relatives group (Shang) fight endlessly, and the political situation is chaotic. At this time, monks and other monks promoted Chisong Dezan's youngest son Sainarai Jiangyun to Zanpu, namely Chisongsong. Niang Ding'Ezeng is the teacher arranged by Chisong Dezan for his sons. With the strong support of Niang Ding'ezeng, Chidesongzeng succeeded to the throne and overcome various difficulties and consolidated his rule. Therefore, Chidesongzeng was very grateful and appointed Niang Ding'ezeng as the monk's prime minister, which set a precedent for monks to take charge of politics and opened the era of monks.
Niang Ding'Ezeng is a capable and virtuous monk. When he was the prime minister, he still adhered to the etiquette of his subjects, followed the teachings of monks, performed his duties conscientiously, and was loyal to the royal family. He also participated in defining the Tubo scriptures and establishing the Tubo scripture translation principle, which played an important role in the improvement of the Tubo scriptures and the business of translation.Due to his remarkable achievements, Chidesongzan specially erected a monument to praise his merits in Xielakang Temple, northeast of Lhasa. The inscription stated twice that without Zanpu issued an edict, he would always protect his descendants' official position and status; he would not implicate his descendants' convictions; all his slaves, pastures, grasslands, gardens, etc. would always be inherited by his descendants, and would not be confiscated or transferred to him; the matters recorded in the inscription shall never be changed. He was killed during the period when Langdama destroyed the Buddha.
7, Saban Gonggajianzan : The fourth ancestor of the "Five Patriarchs of Sakya" was the first person in the Sakya sect to establish a relationship with Yuan Dynasty , and made important contributions to the Yuan Dynasty's unification of Tibet. In addition to being profound in Buddhism, also understands the five major and small wisdoms, such as Nei Mingxue, Declaration, Mingxue, Art, Art, Medicine, Words, Poetry, Rhythm, Rhythm, Rhythm, Song and Dance, and Astronomy Calendar. Therefore, it is regarded as "Banzhida".
He wrote many works throughout his life, covering a wide range of subjects and rich content. Among them is a book " Sakya Maxim ", which is the first collection of philosophical and motto poems in Tibetan people, and the first work of motto poetry. The book "Sakya Maxim" is full of four sentences, , seven-character poems. These poems mainly express the author's proposal for governing the country, philosophy of life, moral concepts, and Buddhist thoughts. So he is also a great poet.
8, Milarepa : He has a very high status in the hearts of Tibetans. He is the second generation of the Kagyu Sect in , and is also a famous yogi, tantric master, ascetic monk and Taoist singer in Tibetan Buddhism. Milleri Klang was born in Gongtang area in Houteng (now Jilong County, Gatse Prefecture). He lost his father at the age of 7 and his property was occupied by his uncle and aunt. He and his mother lived in poverty. Later, he learned the Bon spell and destroyed his uncle and other relatives and friends. After that, I regretted and believed in Buddhism and atoneed my sins. First, I will seek the Dharma from Master Rongdun Laga of the Nyingma Sect and practice the "Great Perfection Dharma". Later, he was introduced to Loza to seek Dharma from the Marpa translator, and he learned all the teachings of Marpa seven years later. His disciple Taporaj founded Tapo Kagyu.
His missionary method is unique and he often teaches his disciples by singing. Later, it was collected by his disciples and compiled into the "Milareba Dao Song Collection", which was widely circulated among the Tibetans. Although "Tao Song" is a Buddhist content, he often uses metaphorical techniques to write people's narratives. The words are fresh and smooth, and the dialogue is vivid and timeless. It has an impact on the development of Tibetan poetry in later generations and has occupied a certain position in the history of literature. Therefore, he is also a great poet.
mil Rareba
9, Tsangyang Gyatso: He is Gelug The Sixth Dalai Lama. This reincarnated living Buddha was supported by the three power struggles and died in this struggle. After the death of the Fifth Dalai Lama, he did not cause any funerals for the sake of the situation in Tibet and concealed Kangxi for fifteen years. Kangxi was furious when he found out, forcing the then Diba (i.e., King of Tibetans) Sangjie Gyatso to tell the truth. Sangjie Gyatso admitted his mistake and asked the court to admit the reincarnated spirit child he found many years ago, namely Tangyang Gyatso. At that time, Tsangyang Gyatso was 14 years old. took 5 Panchen Lama Luo Sang Yixi as his teacher. He was banished by novice jail and was named Luo Sang Renqin Tsangyang Gyatso. However, all the real power is in the hands of Sang Jie Gyatso, and Sang Jie Gyatso has conflicts with the great-grandson of the Mongolian Heshuote tribe leader Gushihan Lazang Khan . In the end, the two sides fought, and Sang Jie Gyatso was defeated and executed. Lazang Khan also reported to the court that Tsangyang Gyatso was a fake Dalai Lama, and he liked wine and sex, and did not abide by the Qing rules and should be deposed. Therefore, Kangxi ordered the detention of Yang Gyatso to Beijing, but died of illness on the way at the age of 24.
Cangyang Gyatso's life actually has no space for independence and is controlled by others, so his life is not actually happy. The spiritual freedom that can bring him is his poetry creation. He created dozens of poems, mostly describing love stories between men and women, and is deeply loved by Tibetans and has an important position in the history of Tibetan literature. Although Tsangyang Gyatso has made no achievements in Buddhism and politics, his poetry is widely spread and is very popular across the country, especially for literary and artistic youth.
10. Tang Dongjiebu: This is a very special living Buddha, he is the inheritor of Shanba Kagyu. Not only did he have high attainments in Buddhism, he was also a master Jianqiao and the father of Tibetan opera .When Tang Dongjiebu was traveling around to preach, he realized the hardships and dangers of the masses trekking through high mountains and rivers and canyon rapids, determined to build an iron chain bridge over the river and rapids to benefit the people. Angren 's Riwuqi Iron Cable Bridge, Duolong Iron Cable Bridge, Qushui Ferry Crossing Iron Cable Bridge, etc. were all built under his leadership. When building the Iron Cable Bridge at Qushui Ferry, he lacked funds. He organized the seven sisters in Shannan (some say seven brothers and sisters) to edit and perform Weiba dances and sing folk arts such as "Lama Mai" to raise money and build the Iron Cable Bridge. Afterwards, he improved his performance, wrote many dramas, and raised a lot of money to build the bridge. It is said that he built 50 iron chain bridges and 60 wooden bridges in his lifetime. In addition, in his later years, he brought the Tibetan opera form " Ajilam " created by him to his hometown and created the first opera troupe in Tibet.
Tang Dongjiebu's status in the ranks of Tibetan monks is not very high, but he has a high status in the hearts of Tibetans, especially Tibetan traditional Tibetan opera artists. In the past folk Tibetan opera activities in Tibet, Tang Dongjiebu was worshipped as a god of opera. The Tibetan opera performance venue centers include statues of Tang Dongjiebu or portraits of Thangka. The opening scene is mainly about chanting Tang Dongjiebu. When viewers donate things, they must first offer Hada to the statue of Tang Dongjiebu . People have always regarded him as the "ancestor" of the opera god who created Tibetan opera and the "ancestor" of the craftsmen who built bridges.
11. Majiula Zhong: This is an outstanding female Tantric master. "Majiu" is a respectful title, which means "the only mother" or "the only mother". The Awakening Sect was inherited from her, and most of her disciples were women, so since her vein was called the Female Awakening Sect. Majiula Zhong has a good family atmosphere and has received a good Buddhist education since she was a child. She is also very smart and has strong learning ability. However, misfortune soon came. Her 13-year-old mother passed away, her 16-year-old father passed away, and her 20-year-old sister passed away. Although this blow was heavy, she quickly emerged from the blow and pursued Buddhism more firmly. Afterwards, she visited many monks to learn Buddhist scriptures as teachers.
It is worth mentioning that at 23:00, I met Indian Pandida Bazhaya who came to Tibetan to preach and studied with him. In the end, the two became husband and wife and had two sons and one daughter. The eldest son later became her favorite disciple and made contributions to the development of the Jueyu Sect. At the age of 34, she left her family and re-entered her Buddhist career. She came to Sonam Lama to study with Basang again. Later, she taught a propaganda and traveled to study hard, and finally achieved great achievements. From then on, she began to recruit disciples to promote Buddhism, and the female Awakening Realm was established.
When Majiulazhen spread the doctrine of the female Jueyu School, she cultivated a large number of nun scholars, which played a huge role in improving the overall quality and status of Tibetan Buddhist nuns. Most importantly, under the great influence of Majulazhen, the female living Buddha was finally born on the snowy plateau, which is another great innovation after the Tibetan Buddhist living Buddha (male).
12, Basiba : The fifth ancestor of the "Five Patriarch of Sakya". During the Yuan Dynasty, he was a master who reached the peak of both politics and religion. He studied Buddhism with Saban Gonggajianzan since he was a child, and after Saban Gonggajianzan passed away, he succeeded as the leader of Saban Gonggajianzan. In 1253, Basiba taught the Sakya sect’s Hi Vajra empowerment to Kublai , and established a master-disciple relationship. This is the first time in history that the prince who led a large army of Mongolia became a disciple of Tibetan Buddhism leaders through religious rituals. Later, after Mengge Khan died, he won the war against Alibuge for the Khan throne. Because he took the lead, the Sakya faction won the dominance of Tibet. In fact, Kublie had invited Karma Bashi, the leader of the Karma Kagyu Sect, hoping that he would be by his side for a long time, but Karma Bashi received the invitation from Mengge and Alibuge. If he stood in the wrong team, he would lose the opportunity to grow bigger.
After Kublai Khan ascended the throne, Basiba was respected as the national teacher, and also established the general agency in central government , as the central agency in charge of Buddhist affairs and administrative affairs in the Tubo region, and appointed the national teacher Basiba to lead the general agency. Then Basiba reformed the administrative system of Tibet and set up Sakya Benqin, Langqin and others to manage 130,000 households.Later, he accepted the task arranged by Kublie to create Mongolian characters, and was promoted to the Great Treasure Dharma King for these achievements. In 1270, the National Master was promoted to the Imperial Master. From then on, the Yuan Dynasty always set up the Sakya monks to serve as the Imperial Master, forming the unique Imperial Master system in the Yuan Dynasty. In 1280, Baspa died in Lacona Chapter of the Sakya Temple at the age of 46.
13, Jiangqu Jianzan: Following Basiba, another leader who created a ruling regime of politics and religion. He was born in the Lang family. He received the precepts of lay Buddhists at the age of 7. He was named Jiangqu Jianzan, received the precepts of novice monks at the age of 9. He went to Sakya Temple to study the Dharma at the age of 14. 1322 The Yuan Dynasty conferred him the title of the head of Wanhu, Pazhu, when he was facing the declining scene of the treasury of Wanhu Mansion, different people's hearts and difficult government orders to be implemented. He rectified the administration of officials, vigorously encouraged agriculture and animal husbandry, and developed the economy. In less than three or four years, the debt was paid off and the surplus in revenue and expenditure was achieved.
Then he fought with his neighbor Yasang Wanhu many times, and he was defeated repeatedly at the beginning. Therefore, Jiangqu Jianzan summed up the lessons and prepared his troops. He defeated Yasang Wanhu in 1346. When the ruling Sakya sect was not happy, so they joined forces with Cai Ba and Yang Zhuo to attack Jiangqu Jianzan. However, because the Sakya sect changed its command in the last battle, they were internally disagree and miscommanded, and they were eventually defeated. From then on, Jiangqu Jianzan took the initiative and won many victories in the later war with the Sakya faction. In 1358, Jiangqu Jianzan formally confiscated the Great Seal of Sakya Benqin from the Sakya faction, and the power of Sakya was officially transferred to Jiangqujian's hands. Pazhu Kagyu Sect replaced the dominance of the Sakya faction in Tibet. It was overthrown by the Karma regime established by Tibetan Pahan in 1618. The Pazhu regime ruled Tibet for 264 years.
Jiangqu Jianzan reformed the originally very loose and independent 130,000 , established an administrative unit of "Zeng" to replace the "Zeng" system during the Sakya period, and established thirteen major sects. Each sect has a sect book. The sect book is directly appointed by Jiangqu Jianzan and replaced every three years. This is an innovation in the political structure of local in Tibet. In 1364, Yiqu Jianzan died and his nephew Zhaba Jianzan succeeded him.
14, Tongkhaba : I won’t introduce it much, he has a lot of information and has been briefly introduced in the previous Gelug article. He was the founder of the Gelugs and the great Reformer. If the Yuan Dynasty was the Sakya school that united politics and religion to rule Tibet, then Ming Dynasty is the Phazhu Kagyu, and from the late Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty is the Gelug sect founded by Tsongkhapa. Of course, the Gelug Sect dominated the ruling position from the fourth Panchen Lama and the fifth Dalai Lama. At that time, the Gelug Sect was oppressed by the Disizhaba regime controlled by the Karma Kagyu. Later, the Fourth Panchen Lama and the Fifth Dalai Lama jointly eliminated the Disizhaba and gained dominance. From then on, the Gelug Sect was the largest sect in Tibet.
At the same time, after hearing the news that Dan Dou spread the Dharma, Yixijianzan, the sixth-generation grandson of Yun Dan, a descendant of the Tubo royal family in Shannan area, sent 10 people to Dan Dou to learn the Dharma in order to develop Buddhism. Then, the precepts of monks were taught by La Qin Gongba Raosa, Zangresai and Yuegeqiong as standardizers, and Ma Shakyamuni and others as Ping. After these 10 people finished their studies, they returned to the Samye Monastery in Shannan to recruit monks and promote Buddhism, thus slowly reviving Buddhism in the Weizang area.
La Qin Gongba Raosa spread the Dharma everywhere. In his later years, he came to Mazang Cliff and lived in seclusion in the cave and reciting until he passed away. Therefore, this place is also called "Mazan Lachin" by later generations. People also painted mud on the master's body and shaped it into images and worshipped to this day. It is said that when Master Atisha came to Tibet to preach the Dharma, he was amazed when he heard the deeds of La Qin Gongba Raosa. He said: "How can all living beings achieve such achievements? La Qin Gongba Raosa may be the incarnation of Bodhisattva."
5, Zhuomi ·Sakya Yixi: He is also a very outstanding tantra master and great translator. He was born in the and hid the Mangka place. Among the 10 people who returned from Dokang's study at that time, Lodun Dorje Wangqiu, at the request of the third son of Zhasiziba, the son of Bekozan, the descendant of Rhondama, sent two disciples to Rula area to preach the Dharma. In order to promote Buddhism, the two selected some young people to study the Dharma in India, including Zhuomi ·Sakya Yixi. Later, Zhuomie ·Sakyayixi studied in India with Nepal for 13 years. After returning to
, Zhuomi ·Sakya Yixi first established Mugulong Temple in Houzang, where he accepted disciples and preached the Buddhist scriptures. During this period, India's Gayadare Panzhida came to Gongtang. Zhuomi went to welcome the teacher to Niugulong Temple and presented 500 taels of gold. His master taught him all the great treasure Buddhist teachings.
Zhuomi Sakyamuni was a member of many disciples throughout his life, the most famous of which was Gong Kejiebu, the founder of the Sakya School, which mainly focuses on " Daoguo Dharma ". Master Zhuomi can be said to be the first Tibetan monk to spread the Buddhist secret method of "Daoguo Dharma" in the Tibetan area. In addition, there are the ancestors of Nyingma Sect, the ancestors of Kagyu Sect, and the ancestors of Kagyu Sect, Marba , etc. Therefore, Marpa once said: "I should learn statements and recitations in front of the translator Zhuomi of Jixiangniugulong Temple. I should know all the favors."
Zhuomi Sakyamunihi is also a great translator. He translated many classics and taught them, thus allowing the profound " Prajna Paramita " to be spread in the Weizang area. In 1075, Master Zhuomi passed away at Mugulong Temple at the age of 83.
6, Niang Ding'Ezeng: A legendary monk's image. After Chisong Dezan's death, Munizan succeeded him as Zanpu , but he was poisoned to death after only one year and nine months in power. It is said that his mother's queen Cai Bang's family was committed. Na Nang and Cai Bang in the foreign relatives group (Shang) fight endlessly, and the political situation is chaotic. At this time, monks and other monks promoted Chisong Dezan's youngest son Sainarai Jiangyun to Zanpu, namely Chisongsong. Niang Ding'Ezeng is the teacher arranged by Chisong Dezan for his sons. With the strong support of Niang Ding'ezeng, Chidesongzeng succeeded to the throne and overcome various difficulties and consolidated his rule. Therefore, Chidesongzeng was very grateful and appointed Niang Ding'ezeng as the monk's prime minister, which set a precedent for monks to take charge of politics and opened the era of monks.
Niang Ding'Ezeng is a capable and virtuous monk. When he was the prime minister, he still adhered to the etiquette of his subjects, followed the teachings of monks, performed his duties conscientiously, and was loyal to the royal family. He also participated in defining the Tubo scriptures and establishing the Tubo scripture translation principle, which played an important role in the improvement of the Tubo scriptures and the business of translation.Due to his remarkable achievements, Chidesongzan specially erected a monument to praise his merits in Xielakang Temple, northeast of Lhasa. The inscription stated twice that without Zanpu issued an edict, he would always protect his descendants' official position and status; he would not implicate his descendants' convictions; all his slaves, pastures, grasslands, gardens, etc. would always be inherited by his descendants, and would not be confiscated or transferred to him; the matters recorded in the inscription shall never be changed. He was killed during the period when Langdama destroyed the Buddha.
7, Saban Gonggajianzan : The fourth ancestor of the "Five Patriarchs of Sakya" was the first person in the Sakya sect to establish a relationship with Yuan Dynasty , and made important contributions to the Yuan Dynasty's unification of Tibet. In addition to being profound in Buddhism, also understands the five major and small wisdoms, such as Nei Mingxue, Declaration, Mingxue, Art, Art, Medicine, Words, Poetry, Rhythm, Rhythm, Rhythm, Song and Dance, and Astronomy Calendar. Therefore, it is regarded as "Banzhida".
He wrote many works throughout his life, covering a wide range of subjects and rich content. Among them is a book " Sakya Maxim ", which is the first collection of philosophical and motto poems in Tibetan people, and the first work of motto poetry. The book "Sakya Maxim" is full of four sentences, , seven-character poems. These poems mainly express the author's proposal for governing the country, philosophy of life, moral concepts, and Buddhist thoughts. So he is also a great poet.
8, Milarepa : He has a very high status in the hearts of Tibetans. He is the second generation of the Kagyu Sect in , and is also a famous yogi, tantric master, ascetic monk and Taoist singer in Tibetan Buddhism. Milleri Klang was born in Gongtang area in Houteng (now Jilong County, Gatse Prefecture). He lost his father at the age of 7 and his property was occupied by his uncle and aunt. He and his mother lived in poverty. Later, he learned the Bon spell and destroyed his uncle and other relatives and friends. After that, I regretted and believed in Buddhism and atoneed my sins. First, I will seek the Dharma from Master Rongdun Laga of the Nyingma Sect and practice the "Great Perfection Dharma". Later, he was introduced to Loza to seek Dharma from the Marpa translator, and he learned all the teachings of Marpa seven years later. His disciple Taporaj founded Tapo Kagyu.
His missionary method is unique and he often teaches his disciples by singing. Later, it was collected by his disciples and compiled into the "Milareba Dao Song Collection", which was widely circulated among the Tibetans. Although "Tao Song" is a Buddhist content, he often uses metaphorical techniques to write people's narratives. The words are fresh and smooth, and the dialogue is vivid and timeless. It has an impact on the development of Tibetan poetry in later generations and has occupied a certain position in the history of literature. Therefore, he is also a great poet.
mil Rareba
9, Tsangyang Gyatso: He is Gelug The Sixth Dalai Lama. This reincarnated living Buddha was supported by the three power struggles and died in this struggle. After the death of the Fifth Dalai Lama, he did not cause any funerals for the sake of the situation in Tibet and concealed Kangxi for fifteen years. Kangxi was furious when he found out, forcing the then Diba (i.e., King of Tibetans) Sangjie Gyatso to tell the truth. Sangjie Gyatso admitted his mistake and asked the court to admit the reincarnated spirit child he found many years ago, namely Tangyang Gyatso. At that time, Tsangyang Gyatso was 14 years old. took 5 Panchen Lama Luo Sang Yixi as his teacher. He was banished by novice jail and was named Luo Sang Renqin Tsangyang Gyatso. However, all the real power is in the hands of Sang Jie Gyatso, and Sang Jie Gyatso has conflicts with the great-grandson of the Mongolian Heshuote tribe leader Gushihan Lazang Khan . In the end, the two sides fought, and Sang Jie Gyatso was defeated and executed. Lazang Khan also reported to the court that Tsangyang Gyatso was a fake Dalai Lama, and he liked wine and sex, and did not abide by the Qing rules and should be deposed. Therefore, Kangxi ordered the detention of Yang Gyatso to Beijing, but died of illness on the way at the age of 24.
Cangyang Gyatso's life actually has no space for independence and is controlled by others, so his life is not actually happy. The spiritual freedom that can bring him is his poetry creation. He created dozens of poems, mostly describing love stories between men and women, and is deeply loved by Tibetans and has an important position in the history of Tibetan literature. Although Tsangyang Gyatso has made no achievements in Buddhism and politics, his poetry is widely spread and is very popular across the country, especially for literary and artistic youth.
10. Tang Dongjiebu: This is a very special living Buddha, he is the inheritor of Shanba Kagyu. Not only did he have high attainments in Buddhism, he was also a master Jianqiao and the father of Tibetan opera .When Tang Dongjiebu was traveling around to preach, he realized the hardships and dangers of the masses trekking through high mountains and rivers and canyon rapids, determined to build an iron chain bridge over the river and rapids to benefit the people. Angren 's Riwuqi Iron Cable Bridge, Duolong Iron Cable Bridge, Qushui Ferry Crossing Iron Cable Bridge, etc. were all built under his leadership. When building the Iron Cable Bridge at Qushui Ferry, he lacked funds. He organized the seven sisters in Shannan (some say seven brothers and sisters) to edit and perform Weiba dances and sing folk arts such as "Lama Mai" to raise money and build the Iron Cable Bridge. Afterwards, he improved his performance, wrote many dramas, and raised a lot of money to build the bridge. It is said that he built 50 iron chain bridges and 60 wooden bridges in his lifetime. In addition, in his later years, he brought the Tibetan opera form " Ajilam " created by him to his hometown and created the first opera troupe in Tibet.
Tang Dongjiebu's status in the ranks of Tibetan monks is not very high, but he has a high status in the hearts of Tibetans, especially Tibetan traditional Tibetan opera artists. In the past folk Tibetan opera activities in Tibet, Tang Dongjiebu was worshipped as a god of opera. The Tibetan opera performance venue centers include statues of Tang Dongjiebu or portraits of Thangka. The opening scene is mainly about chanting Tang Dongjiebu. When viewers donate things, they must first offer Hada to the statue of Tang Dongjiebu . People have always regarded him as the "ancestor" of the opera god who created Tibetan opera and the "ancestor" of the craftsmen who built bridges.
11. Majiula Zhong: This is an outstanding female Tantric master. "Majiu" is a respectful title, which means "the only mother" or "the only mother". The Awakening Sect was inherited from her, and most of her disciples were women, so since her vein was called the Female Awakening Sect. Majiula Zhong has a good family atmosphere and has received a good Buddhist education since she was a child. She is also very smart and has strong learning ability. However, misfortune soon came. Her 13-year-old mother passed away, her 16-year-old father passed away, and her 20-year-old sister passed away. Although this blow was heavy, she quickly emerged from the blow and pursued Buddhism more firmly. Afterwards, she visited many monks to learn Buddhist scriptures as teachers.
It is worth mentioning that at 23:00, I met Indian Pandida Bazhaya who came to Tibetan to preach and studied with him. In the end, the two became husband and wife and had two sons and one daughter. The eldest son later became her favorite disciple and made contributions to the development of the Jueyu Sect. At the age of 34, she left her family and re-entered her Buddhist career. She came to Sonam Lama to study with Basang again. Later, she taught a propaganda and traveled to study hard, and finally achieved great achievements. From then on, she began to recruit disciples to promote Buddhism, and the female Awakening Realm was established.
When Majiulazhen spread the doctrine of the female Jueyu School, she cultivated a large number of nun scholars, which played a huge role in improving the overall quality and status of Tibetan Buddhist nuns. Most importantly, under the great influence of Majulazhen, the female living Buddha was finally born on the snowy plateau, which is another great innovation after the Tibetan Buddhist living Buddha (male).
12, Basiba : The fifth ancestor of the "Five Patriarch of Sakya". During the Yuan Dynasty, he was a master who reached the peak of both politics and religion. He studied Buddhism with Saban Gonggajianzan since he was a child, and after Saban Gonggajianzan passed away, he succeeded as the leader of Saban Gonggajianzan. In 1253, Basiba taught the Sakya sect’s Hi Vajra empowerment to Kublai , and established a master-disciple relationship. This is the first time in history that the prince who led a large army of Mongolia became a disciple of Tibetan Buddhism leaders through religious rituals. Later, after Mengge Khan died, he won the war against Alibuge for the Khan throne. Because he took the lead, the Sakya faction won the dominance of Tibet. In fact, Kublie had invited Karma Bashi, the leader of the Karma Kagyu Sect, hoping that he would be by his side for a long time, but Karma Bashi received the invitation from Mengge and Alibuge. If he stood in the wrong team, he would lose the opportunity to grow bigger.
After Kublai Khan ascended the throne, Basiba was respected as the national teacher, and also established the general agency in central government , as the central agency in charge of Buddhist affairs and administrative affairs in the Tubo region, and appointed the national teacher Basiba to lead the general agency. Then Basiba reformed the administrative system of Tibet and set up Sakya Benqin, Langqin and others to manage 130,000 households.Later, he accepted the task arranged by Kublie to create Mongolian characters, and was promoted to the Great Treasure Dharma King for these achievements. In 1270, the National Master was promoted to the Imperial Master. From then on, the Yuan Dynasty always set up the Sakya monks to serve as the Imperial Master, forming the unique Imperial Master system in the Yuan Dynasty. In 1280, Baspa died in Lacona Chapter of the Sakya Temple at the age of 46.
13, Jiangqu Jianzan: Following Basiba, another leader who created a ruling regime of politics and religion. He was born in the Lang family. He received the precepts of lay Buddhists at the age of 7. He was named Jiangqu Jianzan, received the precepts of novice monks at the age of 9. He went to Sakya Temple to study the Dharma at the age of 14. 1322 The Yuan Dynasty conferred him the title of the head of Wanhu, Pazhu, when he was facing the declining scene of the treasury of Wanhu Mansion, different people's hearts and difficult government orders to be implemented. He rectified the administration of officials, vigorously encouraged agriculture and animal husbandry, and developed the economy. In less than three or four years, the debt was paid off and the surplus in revenue and expenditure was achieved.
Then he fought with his neighbor Yasang Wanhu many times, and he was defeated repeatedly at the beginning. Therefore, Jiangqu Jianzan summed up the lessons and prepared his troops. He defeated Yasang Wanhu in 1346. When the ruling Sakya sect was not happy, so they joined forces with Cai Ba and Yang Zhuo to attack Jiangqu Jianzan. However, because the Sakya sect changed its command in the last battle, they were internally disagree and miscommanded, and they were eventually defeated. From then on, Jiangqu Jianzan took the initiative and won many victories in the later war with the Sakya faction. In 1358, Jiangqu Jianzan formally confiscated the Great Seal of Sakya Benqin from the Sakya faction, and the power of Sakya was officially transferred to Jiangqujian's hands. Pazhu Kagyu Sect replaced the dominance of the Sakya faction in Tibet. It was overthrown by the Karma regime established by Tibetan Pahan in 1618. The Pazhu regime ruled Tibet for 264 years.
Jiangqu Jianzan reformed the originally very loose and independent 130,000 , established an administrative unit of "Zeng" to replace the "Zeng" system during the Sakya period, and established thirteen major sects. Each sect has a sect book. The sect book is directly appointed by Jiangqu Jianzan and replaced every three years. This is an innovation in the political structure of local in Tibet. In 1364, Yiqu Jianzan died and his nephew Zhaba Jianzan succeeded him.
14, Tongkhaba : I won’t introduce it much, he has a lot of information and has been briefly introduced in the previous Gelug article. He was the founder of the Gelugs and the great Reformer. If the Yuan Dynasty was the Sakya school that united politics and religion to rule Tibet, then Ming Dynasty is the Phazhu Kagyu, and from the late Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty is the Gelug sect founded by Tsongkhapa. Of course, the Gelug Sect dominated the ruling position from the fourth Panchen Lama and the fifth Dalai Lama. At that time, the Gelug Sect was oppressed by the Disizhaba regime controlled by the Karma Kagyu. Later, the Fourth Panchen Lama and the Fifth Dalai Lama jointly eliminated the Disizhaba and gained dominance. From then on, the Gelug Sect was the largest sect in Tibet.
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