. Stay away from the fire source:
(1) Extinguish the flames as soon as possible and take off the clothes that are on fire;
(2) Do not stand or run and call when the fire is on fire;
(3) Leave the scene in time.
. Rinse in time:
(1) Suitable for burns with not too large area, such as limbs;
(2) Wash the wound under flowing water to avoid the water flowing too quickly;
(3) or soak in cold water for half an hour to one hour.
. Protect the wound:
If the burn is serious and the skin is damaged, you can protect it with clean fabric or gauze.
. Keep respiratory tract unobstructed:
(1) Keep respiratory tract unobstructed;
(2) People with carbon monoxide poisoning should move to a ventilated place;
(3) Inhaling oxygen if necessary.
. Seek medical treatment in time:
If the burn area is large, it will cause infectious shock. You should go to a regular hospital in time.
. Treat chemical burns:
(1) Quickly remove pollutants and immediately rinse the wound with flowing water for more than 20 to 30 minutes.
(2) was sent to the hospital for treatment in time.
(1) Stay away from stoves, natural gas, coal ball furnaces and other dangerous items that may cause burns in children.
(2) Must place strong acid and alkali in a place that children cannot reach.
. Rinse:
4 Rinse with clean running cold water for about 30 minutes. The water flow should not be too fast.
. Take off:
(1) Carefully remove the clothes covering the surface of the wound in cold water.
(2) Use scissors to carefully cut the clothes when necessary to avoid breaking the blisters.
. Foam:
(1) Continuously soaking in cold water for 10 to 30 minutes can relieve pain and dissipate calories.
(2) If the baby is young and the scald area is larger, you should pay attention to the baby's body temperature.
. Cover: After treatment with the above, cover the wound with a clean or sterile gauze and towel and fix it.
. Send:
Send the baby to a regular hospital that can treat burns for treatment.
. The hot dishes and cups containing hot water should not be placed on the edge of the table or stove, so as not to be caught by the baby.
. For heating in winter, wrap the hot water bag with a towel. The temperature should not be too high and tighten it to prevent water leakage. Avoid using heating products such as "baby warming" for your babies. When using heating equipment such as electric blankets, electric heaters, etc., do a good job of protection.
.Educate your baby not to touch dangerous items at will.
. If the wound is shallow and there is not much bleeding, you can deal with it yourself:
(1) Clean the wound: Rinse the wound with clean water.
(2) Bandage: You can apply a band-aid patch on a small wound, and use a clean gauze for the wound to scab.
(3) Change the dressing in time: If the bandage and gauze are stuck to the wound, use normal saline to wet it and gently remove it.
(4) Pain relief: first soothe the child's emotions, and consider taking painkillers if necessary.
. Situation that needs to be handled by the doctor:
(1) The cut is very deep, or at the joint.
(2) The wound is not clean, there are foreign objects, etc., and the wound cannot be cleaned.
(3) Cuts caused by animal minions, sharp tools with dirty surfaces, etc.
(4) There is no sign of healing in the wound within a few days, or there are symptoms such as redness, swelling, suppuration or persistent pain.
(5) The baby has not been injected with the tetanus vaccine or has been more than ten years since the last injection.
(6) Before being sent to the hospital, you can preliminarily treat the wound with clean water and rinse it with clean gauze or towel. Pressure and stop bleeding.
. If emergency treatment is required, immediately sent to the hospital:
(1) The wound is bleeding very severely, and the blood even gushes out in a jet-like manner.
(2) After 10 minutes of pressurization and stopping bleeding, the blood flow continued and even showed signs of shock.
※When sent to the hospital, the injured area is higher than the heart level, which can reduce blood outflow to a certain extent.
. For older children, teach them to use scissors and other tools correctly.
. You can consider buying safety scissors with round and blunt blades for your children to use.
. Stop the bleeding first:
After washing your hands, press the wound tightly with a disinfectant gauze for 5 to 15 minutes.
. Clean the wound:
Rinse the wound with clean water or normal saline.
. Applying medicine:
Use a cotton swab dipped in iodine (or iodine cotton swab) for disinfection, and then apply a breathable band-aid to avoid wounds from touching other dirt. If the wound is slightly red and swollen and suspected of infection, you can apply erythromycin ointment or mupirocin ointment to the wound.
. Severe abrasions require medical treatment:
(1) The bleeding is spray-like or the bleeding cannot be stopped by pressing
(2) The wound is deep or fat and muscle are exposed on the wound;
(3) The dirt on the wound cannot be removed;
(4) The wound does not heal for a long time or it may cause redness, swelling and pain.
. Before exercising, guide your child to do warm-up exercises to avoid falling.
. Pay attention to interior decoration and avoid falling due to ground slippage.
. Stop moving to prevent aggravation of damage.
. Applying ice (cold) to the sprained area can alleviate inflammation and swelling caused by sprains, and can also reduce pain.
Recommended for the number of ice application times: 24 hours before, 1 time/hour, 20 minutes once; 24-48 hours, 3-4 times/day, 20 minutes once.
. Go to the hospital for treatment and rule out the possibility of fractures.
When any of the following situations occurs, you should take your child to see an orthopedic doctor in time:
(1) You cannot move at all, and it will hurt even more as soon as you move.
(2) The pain did not improve after ice and rest.
(3) The injured area turns purple-cyan, numb, unconscious or tingling.
. Elastic bandage bandage:
can be used to bandage and fix the sprained area under the advice of a doctor to reduce swelling.
. Try to raise the injured area:
After confirming that there are no serious conditions such as fractures, when the child is resting or sleeping, you can place a pillow under his feet to raise the injured ankle to relieve congestion and relieve swelling.
. First observe:
If the following situations indicate that it is not serious: stay awake and have normal reactions; normal face; normal spirit and consciousness; free movement of both hands and feet; from crying to returning to normal, it usually does not exceed 10 minutes; in rare cases, pain and crying may cause the child to vomit 1 to 2 times, and then slowly disappear.
. Cold compress:
If the child is not seriously injured, does not bleed, etc., just apply cold compress to the damaged area, which can reduce local bleeding and swelling.
. When the following situation occurs, seek medical attention immediately:
(1) Continuous headaches and keep crying.
(2) vomited more than 2 times, or vomited several hours after the injury, or vomited in spray.
(3) Unstable walking, weak limbs on one side, abnormal sensation, blindness or vision loss, sudden strabismus, ears are not heard clearly, and speech are not clear.
(4) Answer questions inaccurately, sleepy, not easy to wake up after sleep, or coma, etc.
. Observe the child's situation;
. Put the child in a flat and soft place, such as a carpet or bed;
. Let the child lie on his side, with his head tilted to one side, loosen the collar and clothes;
. Let the child lie on his side, with his head tilted to one side, loosen the collar and clothes;
. Use a soft cloth to clean the sleeping fluid and residue in the child's mouth to prevent it from hindering breathing;
. Make relevant records; such as start time, duration, child status, etc.;
. Take off clothes and turn on the air conditioner to cool down;
. Convulsions Seek the doctor as soon as possible;
. When the following conditions occur, it is recommended to find a pediatrician in detail:
(1) Convulsions last for more than 5 minutes;
(2) Respiration is abnormal;
(3) Consciousness cannot recover quickly after convulsions;
(4) Body temperature exceeds 40℃:
(5) Convulsions more than once a day;
(6) Symptoms such as extreme drowsiness, severe vomiting, and stiff neck;
(7) Convulsions are twitching every time you get fever.
Febrile convulsions cannot be prevented, and usually it rarely occurs after the baby is 3 years old.
. Soothe the child's emotions.
. Let the child's head lean slightly forward, pinch the junction of the hard bone and cartilage of the child's nose with his thumb and index finger (about the center of the nose), and press for about 10 minutes.
. If the bleeding is still not stopped, or there is a lot of bleeding, take the child to the hospital in time.
. Stop children from picking their noses. Picking their noses may damage the capillaries in the nasal cavity and cause bleeding.
. Open windows frequently to breathe, or use an air purifier; keep children away from possible allergens and things that are prone to dust accumulation.
. You can use an air humidifier, or apply some moisturizing ointment to your child's nasal cavity, such as Vaseline.
.Drinke immediately and dilute the toxins.
. If the child is awake, use his fingers or chopsticks to stimulate the child's throat and spit out the food in his stomach as much as possible.
※When inducing vomiting, you should pay attention to the child being in a forward position to avoid accidentally aspirating vomit and causing ventricular breathing.
. Seal the food that children have eaten to avoid more people from being harmed.
. Bring the food that caused the poisoning, and immediately call for help from the emergency center.
. Do not buy or eat spoiled, expired, or unknown foods. Do not eat sprouted potatoes, wild mushrooms, puffer fish and other foods that may contain toxic and harmful substances.
. Keep the kitchen environment and tableware clean and hygienic.
. The cooked food should be eaten within 2 hours. If not finished, you can store it in the refrigerator at low temperature. Food should be stored in an airtight container, and raw and cooked food should be stored separately. Fresh and leftover food should not be mixed.
. If you find that the drug is passive, or the child shows symptoms of possible poisoning, such as drowsiness, burning your lips, abnormal drooling, vomiting, etc., you need to be extra vigilant.
. Judge the type of drug:
(1) If you take general medicine by mistake and the dose is small, you can let the child drink more water and closely observe the child's condition;
(2) If the dose of the drug you are taking is large, or toxic or corrosive, you should seek medical attention immediately.
. First aid before arriving at the hospital:
(1) Take iodine wine by mistake and let the child drink some starch-containing liquids such as rice soup and noodle soup;
(2) Take strong alkali drugs by mistake, and you should give the child lemon juice, vinegar and orange juice, etc.;
(3) Take corrosive drugs or liquid by mistake, and you can give the child milk, soy milk, etc. to reduce the corrosion to the digestive tract.
. When going to the hospital, you should bring the wrong medicine or medicine bottle to help the doctor understand the situation.
. Don’t lie to the child to say it’s sugar when feeding the child. Younger children may believe it and take the medicine secretly.
. Please check the label on the medicine box repeatedly to make sure that you are feeding the child the correct medicine and the correct dosage.
. Don’t take medicine in front of your child, as younger children may imitate adults.
. Put all poisons and drugs in a high cabinet that children cannot reach or lock them.
. Regularly clean up expired drugs.
. Do not use the original container of food to hold drugs or poisons.
. First, quickly cut off the power supply: immediately use insulated objects such as wooden sticks to separate the child from the conductive object.
. Perform first aid: If cardiac arrest occurs, perform artificial respiration and external chest heart compression.
. Contact 120 urgent items.
. If there is no cardiac arrest and there is a burn wound visible to the naked eye on the surface of the skin, can perform simple wound treatment:
(1) Timely cold compress:
(1) l4 When the burn area is not too large, rinse with running water or soak the wound with clean cold water;
(2) Protect the wound:
Use clean fabric or gauze to avoid contamination of the wound;
(3) and then send it to the hospital for treatment in time.
. Use a safety socket and check the plugs and wires of household appliances on time. If there are quality problems, replace them immediately.
. Pay attention to children's safety education and try not to let children contact with electrically charged equipment.
. First, ensure the safety of the rescuer (parent):
Try to use ropes and life-saving facilities for shore rescue; try to rescue as many people as possible.
. Treatment after the drowning child is rescued ashore:
(1) Wake up, breathe and pulse
immediately call 120, then stay by the child and keep warm, wait for rescue personnel or send them to the hospital for observation.
(2) Coma (no response to call), breathing and pulse
Call immediately 120. Clean foreign objects on the mouth and nose, and check whether the drowning person has any trauma. Those with trauma should avoid moving by themselves; those without trauma should be kept in a lateral position, and the respiratory and pulse conditions should be closely observed during the waiting for rescue personnel, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed if necessary.
(3) Coma, no breathing, there is pulse
is similar to a state of false death, no breathing, the pulse is weak and on the verge of stopping. At this time, foreign objects in the mouth of the drowning person should be cleaned up and artificial respiration should be performed, and the pulse and heartbeat can be rapidly enhanced.After regaining breathing, take a lie on your side, keep warm, and wait for the arrival of 120.
(4) In a coma, no breathing, no pulse
Immediately clean foreign matter from the mouth and nose, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, and continue to perform artificial respiration and chest compressions until the patient's respiratory pulse recovers or the emergency personnel arrive.
. Do a good job of monitoring and do not let children swim in the wild rivers, lakes and other prohibited areas.
. When taking the boat, wear life jackets for your children.
. When playing in the swimming pool, take good care of the child and don’t let him enter the deep water area.
. Eye injury:
Once the eyes are damaged, cover the injured eyes with a clean towel or clothing, and seek medical attention immediately.
If the eyes are locally swollen, painful, and there is no open wound on the surface of the skin, use a cold towel to wet.
If a foreign object flies into the eyes, open the child's eyelids and gently stick it out with a clean cotton swab.
. Facial injuries:
Most of these are burns. After wiping them with a clean towel or clothes, rinse them immediately with a lot of cold water, and then seek medical attention immediately.
. Hand and foot injury:
If it is a burn, the treatment method is the same as that of a facial injury.
If there is severe bleeding, hemostatic should be stopped first. Use a towel or cloth to tie the bleeding end close to the heart, and raise the injured area and seek medical attention immediately.
. Once discovered, open the window immediately for ventilation, transfer the child to the outdoors, and breathe fresh air.
. Be sure to call 120 for help as soon as possible or go to the nearest emergency room.
. All gas equipment must be inspected every year, including heaters, stoves, heaters, fireplaces, etc.
. Do not use fuel or gas heaters in confined spaces such as camp houses, RVs, trailers, and tents.
. Do not let the car idle in the garage, even if the garage door is open; do not ride behind the bus; do not swim behind the idle steamer.
. If the fracture site is bleeding, you can press the upper part of the wound blood vessel with your fingers or use a clean bandage to help stop the bleeding.
. Take off or cut off the clothes on the injured area, and make sure to move gently.
. If possible, use an ice bag or a towel to wrap some ice cubes on the injured area.
. Do not move the injured limbs, just make simple fixes at the location where the problem occurs.
Temporary splints can be made of small wooden boards, cardboard sheets or even folded multi-layer newspapers. Roll it up and secure it to the fracture with elastic bandages or straps.
. Take the child to seek medical treatment as soon as possible after simple treatment. Before seeing a doctor, do not let the child eat and drink in case surgery is needed.
. Parents should avoid suddenly pulling their children's limbs hard in their daily lives.
. You should also pay attention to the care of your children at home. Children's safety doors can be used at the upper and lower entrances of the bedroom and stairs, which can effectively protect infants and young children.
.Educate children to wear helmets, elbow pads, knee pads, etc. correctly.
. If the child is prone to repeated fractures, parents should consider that the child may have other diseases and take the child to medical examination in time.
. Call 120 emergency number immediately.
. Observe the section. If bleeding continues, press the injured area with a clean cloth, towel or gauze to bandage and stop the bleeding.
If pressure bandaging cannot effectively stop bleeding, you can bind the area above the injured area to stop bleeding, and relax once every half an hour later.
. Wrap broken limbs with sterile gauze or relatively clean cloth towels. The outside is sealed with plastic film. Place it in a clean container, place ice cubes around it, and transfer it to the hospital with the patient. Limbs that are not completely separated should be fixed before transferring.
. Seek medical treatment as soon as possible
The faster the injured, the better, and strive to undergo replantation within 6 to 8 hours.
If there is no ice cube, popsicles or ice cream can be used instead.
. Do not inhale with your nose to prevent foreign objects from moving deep into the nasal cavity or even the trachea.
. For older children, you can block the nostrils on the side without foreign objects, and then let the child blow his nose and blow the foreign objects out.
. If the baby cannot complete the blowing of his nose by himself, and the foreign objects are round objects such as paper rolls, peanuts, beans, etc., and the child can also cooperate, can try the blowing method:
(1) Let the child sit upright or stand and open his mouth, and the parents also open their mouths to the child's mouth;
(2) While the child is exhaling, block the nostrils without foreign objects, and then blow a breath into the child's mouth.
※If parents cannot master this method well, they should seek help from their doctors.
. When any of the following situations occur, seek medical treatment in time:
(1) The blowing method cannot blow out foreign objects;
(2) The foreign objects are irregular or sharp;
(3) The foreign objects have been around for a long time, and pus or smelly nose appears in the nasal cavity;
(4) The child has difficulty breathing.
. Try not to eat raisins, corn, candy, etc. for children under 3 years old.
. Try to place small parts such as screws, button batteries and other places that the baby cannot touch.
.Educate children not to plug foreign objects into their nostrils.
. Little fish bone
If the fish bone is not very big, you can ask the child to try to cough hard and let the small fish bones fall off with the airflow.
. Big fish bone
If the fish bone is big and hard, the child feels it is particularly painful, so he should seek medical attention immediately.
You must remove the fish bones when eating fish for children. You can also choose to eat fish without fish bones, such as cod, salmon, etc.
. Check whether there are abnormalities in the child's eyes, such as redness, swelling or similar acne.
. Turn up the child's eyelids and take it out with a clean wet cotton swab. It can also make the child blink more and stimulate tears, and small foreign objects may flow out with the tears. If
still doesn't come out, use clean water (such as mineral water) to let the child turn his head over, let the eye that enters the thing clear down, rinse it with running water, and blink it constantly.
. If you can't get out again, you need to ask a doctor to help.
In addition, if you find other abnormalities in the eyes, such as the redness, swelling and similar acne mentioned above, you should also seek medical treatment in time.
.Don't let the child pick his eyes or rub his eyes with his hands to avoid infection or foreign objects.
. Avoid going to places where foreign objects will splash, such as factories, places under renovation or demolition.
. Insect-like foreign objects:
(1) In the dark, lights or flashlights are illuminated into the insect's ears to let the insects come out.
(2) Drop warm water, baby oil, vegetable oil, etc. into the ears to let the insects breathe, pour it out after a few minutes, and wipe the water or oil in the ears with a cotton swab to avoid infection.
. Ordinary foreign objects:
(1) If the foreign objects in the ear are very close to the outlet and the baby is willing to sit still, you can try to pick them up with tweezers.
(2) If it doesn't work, you can tilt your baby's head to one side and turn the ears with foreign objects downwards to help the baby shake the material gently.
(3) If it is a chemical powder, in addition to pouring, you can also add a dry cotton swab to gently wipe it near the external auditory canal.
. Ear wax:
(1) Don't let the baby dig his ears with his hands.
(2) For the baby's earwax, if there is no symptoms, parents should not help clean their ears. If there is itching, pain, hearing loss, etc., it is recommended to ask a specialist to deal with it.
※If the above methods are ineffective, and it is not certain whether the foreign object is removed, or if the baby has obvious pain in the ears, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible and ask the ENT department (or ENT department) doctor to deal with it.
. Make sure that the toys that the baby plays with in daily life are suitable for his age.
. It is recommended that babies not sleep with their pets to prevent small insects from entering the ear canal.
. If you want to go to the jungle, wild or park with dense plants, take certain protective measures for your baby.
. When the child choked and could not breathe, he should call 120 while preparing to rescue him.
. Heimlik First Aid Method
(1) Children over 1 year old
Method 1: The rescuer knelt behind the child, hugged the child's abdomen from behind, wrapped his arms around the waist and abdomen, clenched one hand, and pressed the heart of the fist inward on the child's abdomen; cover the other hand and pressed it on the fist quickly and forcefully, and repeatedly until the obstruction is spit out.
Method 2: Let the child lie flat on the ground, put five fingers together with both hands, put the root of the palm on his waist and abdomen, and squeeze it quickly until the foreign object is spit out or the ambulance arrives.
(2) Children under 1 year old
① Smack the back five times first: Parents or the edict holder sit on a chair, so that the baby crawls on his legs, face the ground, support the head, neck and chest with one hand, and pats or presses the back with the other hand. After slapping the back five times, if the foreign object is not discharged, continue the following movement.
② Press the chest five times: Let the baby lie on his back, stabilize the baby's head and neck with one hand, and quickly squeeze the chest five times with two fingers of the other hand. The squeezing depth should be 1/3 to 1/2 of the chest wall. If the foreign object is not discharged, please continue to repeat until the rescue arrives.
※This first aid method is not suitable for the stage when the child is still coughing loudly or crying after choking:
(3) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation if necessary
When the child cannot wake up, he should immediately undergo CPR suscience
. Do not make fun of the child or talk to him when eating.
. Do not buy detachable toys for children under 3 years old.
. Children under the age of 4 should avoid the following foods: hot dogs, nuts, chunky meat and cheese, whole grapes, soft or hard candies, popcorn, chewing gum, etc.
. Quickly take the child out of the area where the jellyfish exists to avoid being stung again.
. Use tweezers, sticks or gloves to remove the tentacles on the child's stinging area. Do not touch the tentacles or the stinging area directly with your hands.
. Rinse is absolutely forbidden before removing the tentacles. After removal, soak or rinse the wound with sea water or vinegar for 15 to 30 minutes, which can inhibit the release of toxins by activated prickly silk capsules.But don’t use fresh water!
. After the above treatment, seek medical treatment immediately.
. If conditions permit, the treatment that can be performed (the following treatment must be performed after the tentacles are removed):
(1) If you carry shaving cream or soda cream with you, you can apply it to the sting area to prevent the inactivated thorn sac from releasing toxins.
(2) If you have card items such as razors or bank cards around you, you can shave the stinging area to shave out the thorny silk sac.
(3) If you carry anti-allergic drugs (pharmaceutical, diphenhydramine or loratadine) and painkillers (acetaminophen), you can take the medication according to the instructions to relieve allergic symptoms and local pain.
. Treatment of special sting sites
(1) Eye sting can be used to wipe the skin around the eyes with artificial tears or a towel soaked with cool acid, and be careful not to let acetic acid enter the eyes.
(2) Intraoral stings can be rinsed with diluted cool acid and spit out.
.Don’t let your children play in unsafe baths or sea areas.
. Avoid swimming in the sea after rain. When it rains, jellyfish will approach the beach, making jellyfish stings more likely.
. Pay attention to taking care of the child when playing by the beach. Even jellyfish that have died on the beach may still stab the child.
. Wash thoroughly with at least soapy water and running water for 15 minutes, and then wash the wound with clean water or normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution).
. After cleaning, dip the wound with a clean cotton ball and disinfect it with iodine or alcohol.
. After being bitten by a cat or dog, there is a certain chance of getting infected with rabies virus. Therefore, after simple treatment, you should go to the hospital for consultation and inquiry for rabies vaccination.
. If the wound is deep, you should go to the hospital for regular income de-examination and prevent tetanus.
. Don’t get close to strange cats or dogs at will, and don’t tease them at will.
. Do not disturb cats and dogs when they eat, sleep or take care of their cubs.
. When playing with cats and dogs, parents must be around to supervise.
. Do not actively attack, intimidate, or tease strange cats and dogs.
. Soothe the child's emotions and keep the child calm. Irritability and exercise will make the toxin spread faster. At the same time, let him sit or lie down, and the wound is lower than the heart.
. Tie it about 5 cm above the wound with a wide cloth strip or elastic bandage to prevent the spread of venom. The bandage does not need to be too tight, as it is best to be able to penetrate one finger with force, leaving a slip knot.
. If conditions permit, you can use 0.05% potassium permanganate solution or 3% hydrogen peroxide to rinse the wound. If not, you can rinse the wound with cold water, soapy water, salt water, etc. Avoid using ice cubes or ice water!
. Remember the shape and color of the snake, which may be helpful for subsequent treatment.
. Quickly send the bitten person to the nearby hospital
. Avoid sitting and lying in places where snakes appear, such as grass, mounds, etc., and are prohibited from reaching into mouse holes and tree holes with your hands.
. Before and after rain, when in fields, ditch edges, grass wetlands, etc., you should especially protect your hands and feet, wear shoes and socks, and tie your trousers and legs tightly.
. Even if the snake's head has been cut off, it is possible to bite people for a period of time.
. Use soapy water to clean the stinged area of the child.
. If possible, try to remove the poison needle.
. Applying ice cubes to the stinging place can relieve pain and swelling.
. If the child has unbearable pain, you can also take painkillers; if the child has unbearable itching, you can take anti-allergic drugs. But please be careful to see if the medicine can be used for younger children.
. Generally speaking, bees' bite will only cause local skin discomfort, but in rare cases it may also lead to severe allergic reactions. If rescue is not promptly done, life-threatening.
. If the child experiences severe redness, rash, fever, or even difficulty breathing, you must seek medical treatment in time.
. If you take your child to the wild, the whole family recommends wearing light colors and smooth textures, and the tighter you wear, the better.
. Maintain personal hygiene and try not to apply perfume to your children or use fragrance bath products.
.Don't let your children come into contact with flowering plants.
. The child of the husband must not poke a hornet's nest if he recognizes the appearance of the honeycomb.
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