覃學苦練（62）：精讀碩士論文摘要

2025年08月10日21:43:10 科技 1839

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「覃學苦練（62）：精讀碩士論文《考慮原製造商雙向公平關切的閉環供應鏈決策研究》摘要」
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"Qin Xueku Lian (62): Intensive reading of the master's thesis "Study on closed-loop supply chain decision-making considering the two-way fairness concerns of the original manufacturer" abstract"
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一、思維導圖（Mind mapping）

該摘要分析聚焦原製造商雙向公平關切對雙渠道閉環供應鏈的影響，涵蓋研究背景、目的、方法、內容、結論與意義，系統呈現了研究核心邏輯與價值。

This summary analysis focuses on the impact of original manufacturers' two-way fairness concerns on the dual-channel closed-loop supply chain, covering the research background, purpose, methods, content, conclusions and significance, and systematically presents the core logic and value of the research.

二、精讀內容（Intensive reading content）

（一）研究背景（Research background）

1.現實驅動（Reality-driven）

該研究的背景植根於兩大現實趨勢：一方面，電子商務的蓬勃發展促使雙渠道供應鏈成為企業主流運營模式，線上線下融合的銷售網路重塑了傳統商業格局；另一方面，廢舊產品數量逐年攀升，加劇了環境污染與資源短缺問題，回收再製造作為循環經濟的核心路徑，因其顯著的社會效益與經濟效益，吸引了大量原製造商與第三方再製造商參與其中。

The background of this study is rooted in two real trends: on the one hand, the booming development of e-commerce has prompted dual-channel supply chains to become the mainstream operating model of enterprises, and the integrated online and offline sales network has reshaped the traditional business landscape; on the other hand, the number of waste products has increased year by year, exacerbating environmental pollution and resource shortages. Recycling and remanufacturing, as the core path of the circular economy, have attracted many original manufacturers and third-party remanufacturers to participate due to their significant social and economic benefits.

2.核心矛盾（Core contradiction）

在這一背景下，混合再製造模式因其更高的企業利潤與社會價值逐漸受到關注，但該模式中存在多重複雜關係：原製造商對產品擁有專利保護，第三方再製造商需支付專利許可費才能參與再製造，而企業的公平關切行為可能進一步影響供應鏈決策，這些現實矛盾為研究提供了必要性。

In this context, the hybrid remanufacturing model has gradually attracted attention due to its higher corporate profits and social value. However, there are multiple complex relationships in this model: the original manufacturer has patent protection for the product, and the third-party remanufacturer must pay patent licensing fees to participate in remanufacturing. The fairness concerns of enterprises may further affect supply chain decisions. These real contradictions provide the necessity for research.

（二）研究目的（Research objectives）

本研究的核心目的是探究原製造商的「雙向公平關切」行為對閉環供應鏈的具體影響，通過對比不同決策模型的均衡解，研究旨在明確這種行為偏好如何作用於供應鏈的定價決策、企業利潤、消費者剩餘、社會福利及協調機制，最終為企業應對與管理雙向公平關切行為提供理論依據和實踐指導，同時探索有效的供應鏈協調方案。

The core purpose of this study is to explore the specific impact of the original manufacturer's "two-way fairness concern" behavior on the closed-loop supply chain. By comparing the equilibrium solutions of different decision-making models, the study aims to clarify how this behavioral preference affects the pricing decisions, corporate profits, consumer surplus, social welfare and coordination mechanisms of the supply chain. Ultimately, it will provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for enterprises to respond to and manage two-way fairness concern behaviors, while exploring effective supply chain coordination solutions.

（三）研究方法（Research methods）

研究採用模型構建與對比分析相結合的方法論框架，系統探究原製造商雙向公平關切的影響機制。

The study adopts a methodological framework that combines model construction and comparative analysis to systematically explore the impact mechanism of the original manufacturers' two-way fairness concerns.

1.模型設定（Model setup）

模型設定以受專利保護的原製造商、零售商及第三方再製造商構成的雙渠道閉環供應鏈為載體，構建三種決策模型：集中決策模型（以系統總利潤最大化為目標）、公平中性分散決策模型（各主體僅追求自身利潤，不考慮公平關切）、原製造商雙向公平關切下的分散決策模型（原製造商以公平效用最大化為目標，關注與上下游企業的利潤分配公平及與第三方再製造商的利潤差異公平）。

The model is based on a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain with patent-protected original manufacturers, retailers and third-party remanufacturers, constructing three decision models: a centralized model (maximizing total system profit), a fair-neutral decentralized model (each entity pursues its own profit without fairness concerns), and a decentralized model under the original manufacturer』s bidirectional fairness concerns (aiming to maximize fair utility, focusing on profit distribution fairness with upstream/downstream enterprises and profit difference fairness with third-party remanufacturers).

2.求解與對比（Solution and comparison）

在求解與對比環節，研究運用博弈論中的 Stackelberg 博弈方法，以原製造商為領導者、零售商和第三方再製造商為跟隨者，依次求解三種模型的均衡解，重點對比不同情形下的定價策略、市場需求量、企業及系統利潤等關鍵指標，以此揭示雙向公平關切對供應鏈決策的具體作用路徑。

In the solution and comparison phase, the study applied the Stackelberg game method in game theory, with the original manufacturer as the leader, and the retailer and third-party remanufacturer as followers, to solve the equilibrium solutions of the three models in turn, focusing on comparing key indicators such as pricing strategies, market demand, corporate and system profits under different situations, in order to reveal the specific role of two-way fairness concerns in supply chain decision-making.

3.契約驗證（Contract verification）

研究還引入收益共享契約進行協調驗證，通過設定合理的收益分配比例，分析契約能否緩解雙向公平關切導致的「雙重邊際效應」，並結合數值算例模擬不同參數下的結果，進一步佐證理論結論的有效性，確保研究方法的嚴謹性與結論的可靠性。

The study also introduced a revenue-sharing contract for coordination verification. By setting a reasonable revenue distribution ratio, it analyzed whether the contract could alleviate the "double marginal effect" caused by two-way fairness concerns. It also combined numerical examples to simulate the results under different parameters to further verify the validity of the theoretical conclusions and ensure the rigor of the research methods and the reliability of the conclusions.

（四）研究內容（Research content）

研究內容圍繞雙渠道閉環供應鏈中雙向公平關切的作用機制展開，具體涵蓋供應鏈結構解析、公平關切的差異化影響分析、多維度指標評估及協調機制探索等方面，形成系統性研究框架。

The research content revolves around the role mechanism of two-way fairness concerns in dual-channel closed-loop supply chains, specifically covering aspects such as supply chain structure analysis, differentiated impact analysis of fairness concerns, multi-dimensional indicator evaluation, and coordination mechanism exploration, forming a systematic research framework.

1.供應鏈結構分析（Supply chain structure analysis）

在供應鏈結構層面，明確了「線下+線上」的雙渠道分工模式：新產品通過傳統零售渠道由零售商負責銷售，而原製造商與第三方再製造商生產的再製造產品則通過各自的線上直銷渠道直接面向消費者。這一結構中，第三方再製造商因使用原製造商的專利技術，需支付專利許可費，形成「競爭+合作」的特殊關係，既存在市場份額的爭奪，又通過專利許可形成利益聯結。

At the supply chain level, a dual-channel "offline + online" division of labor model has been established: new products are sold by retailers through traditional retail channels, while remanufactured products produced by the original manufacturer and third-party remanufacturers are sold directly to consumers through their respective online direct sales channels. In this structure, third-party remanufacturers pay patent licensing fees for using the original manufacturer's patented technology, forming a unique "competition + cooperation" relationship, which involves both competition for market share and the formation of mutually beneficial interests through patent licensing.

2.核心變數（Core variables）

在雙向公平關切的差異化影響，研究重點剖析了橫向與縱向公平關切對不同渠道的針對性作用：橫向公平關切（原製造商關注與第三方再製造商的利潤差異）主要影響第三方再製造商的直銷渠道，其決策會直接作用於第三方再製造產品的定價策略與市場需求量；縱向公平關切（原製造商關注與零售商的利潤分配）則聚焦傳統零售渠道，影響新產品的批發價制定與零售商的零售定價，進而左右線下市場的需求規模。

In terms of the differentiated impact of two-way fairness concerns, the study focused on analyzing the targeted effects of horizontal and vertical fairness concerns on different channels: horizontal fairness concerns mainly affect the direct sales channels of third-party remanufacturers, and their decisions will directly affect the pricing strategies and market demand for third-party remanufactured products; vertical fairness concerns focus on traditional retail channels, affecting the wholesale price setting of new products and the retail pricing of retailers, thereby influencing the demand scale of the offline market.

3.多維度指標評估（Multi-dimensional indicator evaluation）

多維度指標評估是研究內容的核心，具體包括：定價維度，追蹤新產品的批發價與零售價、原製造商及第三方再製造商的再製造產品直銷價、專利許可費等關鍵價格變數的波動；利潤維度，測算原製造商、零售商、第三方再製造商的個體利潤及供應鏈系統總利潤的變化；社會福利維度，考察消費者剩餘與社會整體福利的增減。

Multi-dimensional indicator evaluation is central to the research, including the pricing dimension—tracking fluctuations in key price variables like new product wholesale and retail prices, direct sales prices of remanufactured products by original and third-party manufacturers, and patent licensing fees; the profit dimension—measuring changes in individual profits of original manufacturers, retailers, third-party remanufacturers, and total supply chain system profit; and the social welfare dimension—examining shifts in consumer surplus and overall social welfare.

4.供應鏈協調機制（Supply chain coordination mechanism）

研究還探索了供應鏈協調機制，即驗證收益共享契約對存在雙向公平關切的閉環供應鏈的調節效果，分析契約參數如何平衡各方利益，最終實現供應鏈效率優化。通過上述內容的逐層深入，全面揭示了雙向公平關切在雙渠道閉環供應鏈中的複雜作用路徑。

The study also explored supply chain coordination mechanisms, specifically examining the effects of revenue-sharing contracts on closed-loop supply chains with mutual fairness concerns and analyzing how contract parameters balance the interests of all parties, ultimately optimizing supply chain efficiency. This in-depth analysis comprehensively reveals the complex mechanisms by which mutual fairness concerns operate within dual-channel, closed-loop supply chains.

（五）研究結論（Research conclusions）

研究通過對比分析三種決策模型的均衡結果，得出了多維度的核心結論。

By comparing and analyzing the equilibrium results of three decision-making models, the study reached multi-dimensional core conclusions.

1.定價特徵（Pricing features）

定價方面，三種決策情形下，原製造商直銷的再製造產品定價均穩定，因其擁有絕對定價權，不受公平關切影響。橫向公平關切主要影響第三方再製造商的直銷渠道及定價；縱向公平關切則作用於傳統零售渠道，通過改變新產品批發價和零售價影響線下供需。

In terms of pricing, the direct-selling price of the original manufacturer』s remanufactured products remains stable across all decision scenarios, as it holds absolute pricing power unaffected by fairness concerns. Horizontal fairness concerns mainly affect third-party remanufacturers』 direct channels and pricing, while vertical ones impact traditional retail channels, influencing offline supply and demand by altering new products』 wholesale and retail prices.

2.整體效應（Overall effect）

整體而言，原製造商的雙向公平關切會加劇供應鏈「雙重邊際效應」，導致新產品批發價、零售價，第三方再製造產品直銷價及專利許可費上漲，形成連鎖反應。最終各企業利潤、系統總利潤下滑，消費者剩餘和社會福利受損，可見這種行為本質上「損人不利己」，既損害其他方利益，也無法為自身帶來長遠收益。

Overall, the original manufacturer』s bidirectional fairness concerns intensify the supply chain』s "double marginal effect," causing a chain reaction of rising wholesale and retail prices of new products, direct-selling prices of third-party remanufactured products, and patent licensing fees. Eventually, individual and total system profits decline, along with consumer surplus and social welfare. This behavior is essentially "harmful to others without benefiting oneself," damaging other parties』 interests and failing to bring long-term gains to itself.

3.協調方案（Coordination plan）

研究驗證了協調方案的有效性，即採用收益共享契約能夠有效協調存在雙向公平關切的閉環供應鏈。通過合理分配收益，該契約可以平衡各方利益，緩解「雙重邊際效應」，使供應鏈的整體效益接近集中決策下的最優水平。

The study validated the effectiveness of the coordination scheme, demonstrating that a revenue-sharing contract can effectively coordinate closed-loop supply chains with bidirectional fairness concerns. By rationally distributing revenue, the contract can balance the interests of all parties, mitigate the "double marginalization effect," and bring the overall efficiency of the supply chain closer to the optimal level under centralized decision-making.

（六）研究意義（Research significance）

1.理論層面（Theoretical level）

理論上，該研究突破單向公平關切研究局限，首次系統分析雙向公平關切在雙渠道閉環供應鏈中的作用機制，豐富了相關理論內涵。同時，將專利許可與消費者支付意願差異納入模型，增強了理論對現實的解釋力，為雙渠道供應鏈協調研究提供新視角，拓展了理論應用邊界。

Theoretically, this study breaks through the limitations of unidirectional fairness concerns and systematically analyzes the mechanism of bidirectional fairness concerns in dual-channel closed-loop supply chains for the first time, enriching the relevant theoretical content. Furthermore, by incorporating patent licensing and differences in consumer willingness to pay into the model, the theory's explanatory power is enhanced, providing a new perspective for dual-channel supply chain coordination research and expanding the theoretical application boundaries.

2.實踐層面（Practical level）

實踐上，研究結論為企業管理雙向公平關切提供了決策參考：原製造商需控制公平偏好以避免供應鏈效率受損；零售商和第三方再製造商可依公平關切類型調整定價與銷售策略。收益共享契約為供應鏈協調提供可行方案，有助於提升整體效益、促進循環經濟，對企業可持續運營和社會資源優化意義重大。

Practically, the findings offer decision-making references for managing bidirectional fairness concerns: manufacturers should control fairness preferences to avoid supply chain inefficiency; retailers and third-party remanufacturers can adjust pricing and sales strategies based on fairness types. The revenue-sharing contract provides a feasible coordination solution, helping enhance overall efficiency, promote circular economy, and is significant for sustainable operations and optimal resource allocation.

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