受窗帘啟發的多孔碳材料，用於超寬頻電磁波吸收

1成果簡介

開發輕質高效電磁波吸收材料的核心挑戰在於：在減薄厚度的同時，實現阻抗匹配與損耗性能的解耦提升。本文，遼寧材料實驗室Wanchong Li、Jinsong Zhang等研究人員在《ADVANCED SCIENCE》期刊發表名為「Machine Learning Driven Window Blinds Inspired Porous Carbon-Based Flake for Ultra-Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption」的論文，研究受百葉窗結構啟發，提出並設計了一種離散葉片可調諧電磁波吸收材料（DSTEAM）。

通過融合磁電耦合概念與人工智慧輔助的數據驅動優化策略，成功製備的DSTEAM在2.6-40 GHz超寬頻段展現出卓越性能：反射損耗低於-10 dB，同時保持僅9.85 mm的超薄厚度和0.566 kg/m²的面積密度。DSTEAM的卓越性能源於：離散薄膜界面處的梯度誘導多重散射效應、局部場強協同增強機制，以及磁電耦合調製原理。這種人工智慧驅動的協同設計策略，為開發新一代輕質寬頻電磁波吸收材料提供了創新理念與有效路徑。

2圖文導讀

圖1、(a) Inspiration source and magneto-electric coupling design concept of the discrete slat tunable electromagnetic wave absorption material inspired by the structure of window blinds. (b) Fabrication process of the porous carbon material and the FeSiAl magnetic material.

圖2、(a) 3D-XRT model. (b) Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test of the porous carbon. (c) Microscopic morphology of the porous carbon. (d) SEM image showing the microscopic morphology of a single porous carbon skeleton. (f) SEM image of FeSiAl powder and the corresponding EDS mappings for (g) aluminum, (h) silicon, and (i) iron. (e, j) TEM images of the porous carbon.

圖3、(a) Raman spectrum of the porous carbon. (b) XPS survey spectrum and (c) high-resolution C 1s spectrum of the porous carbon. (d) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the FeSiAl alloy and the porous carbon. (e) XPS survey spectrum of FeSiAl, along with its corresponding high-resolution (f) O 1s, (g) Fe 2p, (h) Si 2p, and (i) Al 2p spectra. (j) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of the precursors (PU foam and phenolic resin) and the porous carbon. (k) Thermogravimetric (TG) curves of the precursors under an argon atmosphere. (l) TG curves of the porous carbon and the FeSiAl alloy under an air atmosphere.

圖4、(a–c) In situ simulation analysis of the Poynting vector field for the 3D-XRT model of the porous carbon material at 2.6, 9, and 18 GHz, respectively. (d–f) In situ simulation analysis of the energy loss field for the 3D-XRT model of the porous carbon material at 2.6, 9, and 18 GHz, respectively. (g) Impedance matching curve, reflection coefficient (or reflectivity) curve, attenuation constant curve, and dielectric loss tangent curve for the porous carbon.

圖5、(a) Definition of DSTEAM structural parameters. (b) Complex permittivity and complex permeability of FeSiAl. (c) Complex permittivity of porous carbon. (d) Schematic diagram of HH and VV polarization directions. (e) Comparison of DSTEAM reflectivity under HH and VV polarization directions.

圖6. (a) Bandwidth performance comparison between DSTEAM and other electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials. (b) Compressive test of the porous carbon material. (c) Thickness performance comparison between DSTEAM and other electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials. (d) Areal density of seven sheets of standard A4 paper. (e) Areal density of DSTEAM. (f) Areal density comparison between DSTEAM and other electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials. (g) Flexibility test of the magnetic material.

圖7、Analysis of the Poynting vector field for DSTEAM at inclination angles of (a) 0°, (b) 26°, and (c) 90°.

圖8、Schematic diagram of the wave-absorption mechanism of DSTEAM.

3小結

受百葉窗結構啟發，本研究通過整合磁電耦合機制與人工智慧輔助的數據驅動方法，開發出一種離散葉片可調式DSTEAM系統。通過神經網路替代模型（R² > 0.97）與遺傳演算法協同作用，實現了結構參數的智能逆向設計，將傳統試錯設計周期大幅縮短（效率提升約50倍）。優化後的DSTEAM在2.6-40 GHz全頻段展現出有效吸收帶寬（反射損耗≤-10 dB），同時保持9.85毫米的超薄厚度和0.566千克/平方米的面積密度。DSTEAM的卓越性能源於：離散片層界面誘導的梯度多重散射效應、局部場強協同增強機制，以及磁電耦合調製機制。這些特性協同優化阻抗匹配、增強損耗能力並降低材料厚度。該吸收體在45°寬入射角下仍保持90%以上的波吸收效率。該設計策略融合仿生構型與智能優化，為新一代輕質寬頻吸收體的研發提供了理論框架與技術路徑，在智能隱身塗層與自適應電磁防護領域展現出廣闊應用前景。

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