China's biopharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, oil drilling, computer software and other scientific and technological fields lag behind Europe, America and Japan for more than ten years, or even decades. Of course, China has many core technologies that are not available in foreign countries, such as UHV, high-speed rail, ultra-high bridges, terminal equipment and other large mechanical equipment. Many aspects can kill foreign countries. So what are the core technologies that China has not fully mastered?
1. Semiconductor
Looking at it, you will find that semiconductor processing equipment is basically dominated by Japan and the United States. This can be seen by the best supplier of Intel . At present, Hitachi has the highest accuracy in etching equipment, and Intel cannot do without its suppliers. Some are exclusively supplied, while others cannot buy it. For example, Toray Teijin's carbon fiber, ultra-high-precision instruments, CNC machine tools, grating marking machines, lithography machines and other structures are also products of strict daily export restrictions. You must know that a CPU requires more equipment and materials. Among the world's top ten semiconductor equipment manufacturers, there are four American companies and five Japanese companies. In fact, the semiconductor industry is a typical pyramid structure. The more upstream, the fewer companies, the greater the output value, and the higher the technical difficulty. Due to the late start, the lack of core technology has restricted the development of my country's semiconductors. In particular, there are still key technologies that have not yet been mastered in core technologies. So far, the key chip field is still dependent on imports.
2 Construction machinery
In the global construction machinery, Caterpillar’s Terex of the United States ranks first, followed by Komatsu of Japan, and Hitachi is ranked second and fourth. China's XCMG entered the top 10. In 2016, China vigorously developed the limit, which caused Komatsu of Japan to soar 97% year-on-year, and the calendar soared 42%. It is also said that the construction machinery market is mainly occupied by Europe, America and Japan. The market share of Chinese enterprises is less than 10%, and it is mainly used for national defense construction projects, transportation construction, energy industry construction and production.
3 Industrial robot
When it comes to industrial robots, I have to admit that it has always been the world in Japan. It is the focus of the fourth industrial revolution in the future, or it will be an industry that will vigorously develop globally in the next 50 years. At present, the technology of industrial robots is basically in the hands of Japan. The four major families of robots, namely FANUC, Yaskawa Electric, abb of Sweden and KUKA of Germany. Among them, FANUC is the global industrial robot sales record holder, and the profit remains the technology leader. In contrast, Germany KUKA is the weakest, its core technology is basically outsourced, and it is currently acquired by Midea.
4 bearings manufacturing
bearings can be said to be Japan, Sweden, Germany, the world's bearings play an important role in the industrial field, check the requirements of materials science, experts know. Under a certain load, the number of revolutions or hours the bearing experiences before pitting corrosion is called the bearing life. More than 70% of the world's lifetime market share is shared by the top ten multinational bearing group companies. Among them, the United States accounts for 23% of the global market, 21% of the European Union, and 19% of Japan. Basically, it is made up of the top five companies of Japan nsk, Sweden's SKF company, and Germany. Fag and other two companies, American Timken and other companies dominate. At present, our design and manufacturing technologies are basically imitated, and product development capabilities are low. In some core technology research and development areas, they are even blank. Although the supporting rate of domestic mainframes has reached 80%, important mainframe supporting and maintenance bearings such as high-speed railway passenger cars, mid-to-high-end cars, and high-level rolling mills are basically imported.
5 precision instrument
is a top precision instrument that is basically monopolized by the United States, Japan and Germany, including 10 in the United States, 6 in Japan, 4 in Germany, and 2 in the United Kingdom. This instrument refers to medical and scientific research equipment. For example, microscopes, spectrometers, gravitational wave detectors, Raman imagers, measuring instruments, etc., you must know that both the United States and Japan are Nobel Prize-winning countries. Since 2000, Japan basically has a Nobel Prize every year. One of them is that they cannot do without them. Manufacturing and use of high-end instruments. What's more amazing is that the optical glass of Sumita Optics of Japan has been fully ahead of its peers in terms of manufacturing process and product types. One of the most important ones in the optical field, a large-scale diffraction grating ruler, is only available in three or four countries. Hitachi Baoyoubao has the highest depiction accuracy of 10,000 grams per millimeter, which directly affects research in the optical field. For example, Japan, the world’s first planetary detection capabilityBaru Subaru is the world's largest single master chip optical infrared. Among the 10 galaxies farthest from the earth discovered so far, nine of them were discovered by scientists. It is worth mentioning that, including the farthest one, which broke the longest observation record of the new Milky Way in 2012, and is recognized by the Guinness World Records as the world's most precise optical planetarium. Z1z
6 Carbon fiber
Carbon fiber, which plays an increasingly important role in the new century and in the future, is inseparable from high-end military, industry, life, automobiles, airplanes, etc., high temperature resistance ranks first among all chemical fibers and is the manufacturing of aerospace and aviation. Japanese companies have a market share of about 70% of the high-quality materials for technical equipment. The international carbon fiber market is still dominated by American and Japanese companies. Japan’s Toray, Toho and Mitsubishi occupy the top three positions. Japan is the world’s largest carbon fiber producer. , Carbon fiber technology, quality and quantity of carbon fiber production are among the best in the world.
7 photovoltaic inverters
Hitachi and Dongfang Electric Group's joint venture in China, Oriental Hitachi, provides hundreds of high-power, high-conversion photovoltaic inverters, the so-called photovoltaic, to the largest hydro-photovoltaic power stations in China and the world. Inverter refers to inverting the direct current emitted by solar cells into alternating current. And it is one of the key equipment of photovoltaic power plant that undertakes the role of protection system. In 2014, the conversion efficiency of the most advanced photovoltaic inverter could reach 98%.
Therefore, if we want to maintain China's international status as a big country, we can only catch up, refuel, and win our own core technology. How do you think about this? Please leave a message below the comment area.
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