Disclaimer: This article is intended to convey more market information and does not constitute any investment advice. The article only represents the author's views and does not represent the official position of MarsBit.
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Source: MarsBit
Introduction
Yes, zk is a popular word, just like blockchain, ICO, defi, NFT, gamefi. Among the more than 1,000 blockchains that have been launched, a few have been truly adopted.
has created real products in the more than 1,000 ICOs that have been launched. Among the more than 1,000 defi protocols that have been launched, a small number have been actually used.
NFT and gamefi haven't yet, but give it another 2-3 years.
is the same as zk. There are many variations of
zk, just like there are many variations of blockchain, ICO, defi, NFT and gamefi.
and Fantom are related to the base layer scaling.
Background
Due to Fantom's consensus delay, if we delete the EVM and transfer it directly, our TPS has a cap of ~28,000 (the last stress test was 12/2018, and now this limit is higher). If we enable EVM, our upper limit is ~700 TPS.
bottleneck is not a consensus, even if it is a consensus, if we switch from a confirmation block to a confirmation transaction, we can further increase the upper limit.
bottleneck is EVM (or rather, complex storage and computing).
Our recent roadmap includes significant improvements to the above-mentioned EVM 2.0 or FVM, including super instruction sets, dynamic translation, parallel execution of transactions within the same block, plane storage, compression and data locality. These topics will be covered in detail later, now you can read the reasoning introduction here
or above After being online, our caps have become closer to consensus throughput.
zk roadmap
blockchain node performs the following operations (highly simplified);
- receives and orders events
- performs calculations
- loads the state from storage according to the storage instructions triggered by the event. According to the above calculation and transition state, store the state in storage
, which means that the blockchain node will require unlimited storage and infinite calculations. Neither is feasible.
has implemented unlimited storage outside the blockchain environment through p2p file sharing or the more well-known torrent infrastructure. Unlimited storage in the context of
blockchain is fairly simple, instead of storing smart contracts and storing data, it saves proofs or hashes of smart contracts and storing data and seed lists that can be connected to get the actual data. As dapp gains more users, more seeds are available.
Fantom already has this on our roadmap.
infinite calculation is more complex. The inputs we need are as follows; the original state, the proof of execution of the calculation (but the time to verify the proof cannot be longer than the time it takes to complete the calculation itself) and the output state. This is where zk comes in. Specializes in localization (in the web app/mobile app/pc or console) FVM.
This looks like this;
- Open webapp / mobile app / pc or console client (app for short)
- The application connects to the local peer to find the seed
- The application synchronizes from the seed to the latest state and becomes the seed itself
- The user performs some input
- The original state is converted through the zk-vm in the application, which generates the state root, the proof of correct execution and the state output.
- The above state transitions and proofs are communicated to the peer.
- through lachesis (Fantom's consensus) peers to reach consensus
or above is the goal. There is no centralized node and no spoke model architecture. All mesh network is for a more robust, trustless future, decentralized .
