01 Core resources of mobile communication operators
The core resources of mobile communication operators' operations are radio frequency band resources, and the endowment of resources directly determines whether the operator is innately good or bad. No matter how wireless network technology develops, these frequency resources are cultivated. In the future, these frequency resources will be continuously and rollingly rebuilt by newer generations of technologies.
Currently, the frequency resources of several major domestic operators are roughly as follows (the one with *2 is FDD, and the one without TDD):
Mobile: Low frequency 900M has 15M*2; mid frequency 1.8G has 25M*2; mid frequency 1.9~2 G is about 45M; mid frequency 2.3G has 50M (only room division); mid frequency 2.6G has 160M; high frequency 4.9G has 100M.
Telecom : Low frequency 800M has 10M*2; intermediate frequency 1.8G has 20M*2; intermediate frequency 2.1G has 20M*2; high frequency 3.5G has 100M, and 100M is telecom/Unicom/Broadcasting and TV sharing.
Unicom: Low frequency 900M has 10M*2; intermediate frequency 1.8G has 30M*2; intermediate frequency 2.1G has 25M*2; intermediate frequency 2.3G has 20M (only room division); high frequency 3.5G has 100M, and 100M is telecom/Unicom/Broadcasting and TV sharing.
Radio and Television: Low frequency 700M has 30M*2; high frequency 4.9G has 60M.
02 The necessity of co-construction and sharing of 5G networks in Telecommunications
Mobile and Radio and Television are allocated by 700M resources, and the combined frequency resources are quite competitive. Under this background, it is difficult for Telecom or China Unicom to compete with each other (both mobile users, financial strength and resource endowment are all at a disadvantage). Therefore, from the beginning of the 5G network, Tel.com chose to jointly build and share. The resource advantages of the
electric consortium compared to the single-handed combat are well reflected: whether it is high-frequency 3.5G (200M) or medium-frequency 1.8/2.1G (95M*2 nearly 200M), its combined resources are better than the mobile main frequency band 2.6G (160M) and medium-frequency 1.8G-2G (25M*2+45M nearly 100M). Although Mobile Radio and Television still has 4.9G, considering its inherent characteristics of coverage performance, it will not be a frequency band for large-scale deployment in the short term. Judging from the medium and high frequency resources alone, the future of the China Unicom is relatively good, because future wireless network technology can make more efficient and flexibly use these scattered frequency resources. Within the urban area, the experience of the Telecommunications should be very exciting. However, at present, since the IGU's intermediate frequency resource 1.8G is still used in 4G networks, and 2.1G has not fully realized the frequency clearance. Judging from the current intermediate frequency resources that can be used in 5G networks, compared with the main 2.6G frequency resources of Mobile, it is temporarily at a disadvantage.
On the other hand, the low frequency is only 20M*2 even if the Telecommunications is combined, it is still obviously insufficient compared to the low frequency 45M*2 of Mobile Radio and Television. Fortunately, each frequency band has its own mission. The mission of medium and high frequency is to ensure the experience, while the mission of low frequency is more to provide wide coverage and support. Of course, the more resources are better, and the advantages of low frequency are still very obvious. To achieve full coverage of the wide range of the entire scene, low frequency must be the highest cost-effectiveness. This is something that Telecommunications currently cannot meet. Therefore, the Electric Union should be more in a group, otherwise there is no need to play.
03 Necessity for integration of the power-connected 4G network
As of now, both sides have formed a complete network with full coverage of all scenarios after 8 to 9 years of construction (but there may still be local blind spots, such as some remote and non-key rural areas, and temporary blind spots caused by urban development and changes, etc., but they are basically considered full coverage in macroscopic areas).
urban area, the 4G network differences between the two parties are not very big. After all, they are important urban areas for both parties, and they are basically strategies to ensure the experience of mid-frequency and low-frequency base to ensure depth coverage; while in township and rural areas, the 4G network coverage of both parties may be under the imbalance of their respective market development, and each has its own focus, but the logic of low-frequency wide-area base should be basically the same, and the layout of mid-frequency sites in hot spots may be somewhat different.
Therefore, in theory, the 4G networks of both Telecom and China Unicom have 2 networks (low frequency and medium frequency) and a total of 4 networks. The frequency bands of the intermediate frequency and low frequency networks of both parties are close and have similar coverage performance, and the coverage level of the intermediate frequency network within the urban area of both parties is also comparable. As users change their phones periodically year by year, it is only a matter of time before users gradually transition from 4G network to 5G network. With the transition of users, the load of 4G networks will gradually migrate to 5G networks. In this context, the necessity of Tel.com still operating 4 4G networks with the same standard and light load is no longer high (because the utilization rate of resources in the 4G frequency band will become lower and lower, 1.8G total of 50M*2 resources and 800M/900M total of 20M*2 resources can also be gradually released to re-cultivate 5G, improving the mid-frequency competitiveness of the 5G era and meeting the wide coverage of Tel.com 5G). On the other hand, for both parties, the operating cost of 4G is a considerable expense, and the operating cost saved by compressing 4 networks into 2 networks (1 low-frequency and 1 intermediate frequency) is still considerable.
044G network problems
Although the necessity of Tel.com's 4G network integration is obvious, since the two parties of Tel.com have basically stopped the new purchase of equipment from large 4G manufacturers (changed to a small-scale and low-cost investment method to solve the demand), the demand for 4G networks in the past three years has not been fully met, which is reflected in the two aspects of coverage and capacity (this is the case in a certain province). In terms of
coverage, since the Telco Unicom stopped purchasing new large-scale equipment, it was promoted simultaneously with the 4G co-construction and sharing work, but the merger and integration of the two sites was not particularly sufficient, and the equipment resources released were insufficient to meet all coverage needs, resulting in some areas still lacking coverage, especially the needs of low-frequency parts. There are still many gaps. At present, low-cost small-scale factory equipment is temporarily used to solve it. In terms of capacity, the main reason is that the hot demands in rural areas are gradually emerging like sparks. The wide area of rural areas is basically covered by low-frequency networks. At present, many pure low-frequency sites have excessive loads, especially wide-coverage sites. Not all of these sites are suitable for deploying medium-frequency to divert traffic at the same site, and better divert methods are needed. The two problems in
need to be solved as soon as possible to make the integration of 4G networks between the two parties possible, because before the integration, the problems existing in their own networks need to be solved. In addition, how to release local high load of 4G low-frequency networks is also very important, because the integration of low-frequency networks is directly related to the rhythm of 5G low-frequency re-cultivation between both parties.
