The Lancetml4 published a new study, the first global mortality estimate for 33 bacterial pathogens and 11 infection types. Analysis shows that 7.7 million deaths in 2019 were related to 33 common bacterial infections, and only five of them were related to more than half of the deaths. The most deadly bacterial pathogens and types of infection vary by location and age. Common bacterial infections have become the second largest cause of death in the world, and are related to one in eight deaths in the world.
The first global mortality estimate targeting 33 bacterial pathogens and 11 infection types shows that 7.7 million deaths in 2019 were associated with this.
Deaths related to these 33 pathogens account for 13.6% of all deaths worldwide, of which 5 pathogens account for more than half of all bacteria-related deaths, namely: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), E. coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa).
The mortality rate associated with bacterial infection is the highest in Africa, sub-Saharan and the lowest in high-income areas (including Western Europe and North America).
This study can be used to guide strategies to reduce bacterial infections, including control measures, vaccine development and the increase in basic emergency care services. An analysis published in
"The Lancetml4" shows that common bacterial infections are the second largest cause of death in the world in 2019 and are related to one in eight deaths worldwide.
In 2019, 7.7 million deaths were related to 33 common bacterial infections, and only five of them were related to more than half of the deaths. The most deadly bacterial pathogens and types of infection vary by location and age.
Bacterial infection was the second largest cause of death in the world after ischemic heart disease in 2019, and the analysis highlights the need to make reducing bacterial infections a global public health priority. builds a stronger health system, improves laboratory diagnostic capabilities, and takes corresponding control measures to improve the use of antibiotic , which is crucial to alleviate the disease burden caused by common bacterial infections.
The study’s co-author and director of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington School of Medicine Dr. Christopher "For the first time, these new data fully reveal the challenges that bacterial infections pose to global public health. Most importantly, incorporating these findings into the planning of the Health Initiative can further study lethal pathogens and make appropriate investments to reduce deaths and infections," Murray said. "Handle 5
Although there have been many estimates of pathogens such as tuberculosis , malaria and HIV, so far, the estimated disease burden of bacterial pathogens is limited to a few specific pathogens and infection types, or only focused on specific populations. In 2019, the death tolls associated with Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli exceeded HIV/AIDS (864,000 deaths). However, analysis shows that HIV-related research received $42 billion in funding, while E. coli-related research received only $800 million in funding. The author believes that such a funding gap may be due to the lack of global burden data on these infections so far.
This new study provides for the first time a global estimate of mortality associated with 33 common bacterial pathogens that cause death from sepsis and 11 major infection types known as infection syndromes. The study estimated all age groups and genders in 204 countries and regions. Using data and methods from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2019) and Global Antibiotic Resistance Study (GRAM) [2], the authors used 343 million personal records and pathogen isolates to estimate the number of deaths associated with each pathogen and infection type.
It is estimated that of the 13.7 million infection-related deaths that occurred in 2019, 7.7 million were associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens studied.Deaths related to these bacteria accounted for 13.6% of all deaths worldwide in 2019, accounting for more than half of all sepsis-related deaths. Among these 7.7 million bacteria-induced deaths, more than 75% of the three syndromes occur: lower respiratory tract infection (LRI), blood infection (BSI), and peritoneal and intraabdominal infection (IAA).
Five pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, caused 54.2% of the 33 bacteria studied. Globally, Staphylococcus aureus-related death toll has the highest number of deaths, with 1.1 million. The other four pathogens were related to more than 500,000 deaths: 950,000 cases of E. coli, 829,000 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 790,000 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 5.59 million cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The number of deaths in women and men associated with major bacterial pathogens was similar.
Age-standardized mortality rates vary by location, as do the most deadly pathogens. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest mortality rate, at 230 per 100,000. In contrast, high-income regions (including Western Europe, North America and the countries with AUD ) had the lowest mortality rate at 52 per 100,000. Staphylococcus aureus is the main cause of death in 135 countries, followed by E. coli (37 countries), Streptococcus pneumoniae (24 countries), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii (all in 4 countries). National data are shown in Appendix S2. "So far, there is a clear lack of national-level estimates for the most affected regions in the world by bacterial infections. These new data can serve as guidance to help address the disproportionate burden of bacterial infections in low- and middle-income countries and may ultimately help save lives and prevent people from losing their lives due to disease," said Authia Gray, a postbachelor's researcher at the
study and a postbachelor's researcher at University of Washington School of Medicine. The pathogens associated with the maximum death toll varies by age. Of the 940,000 deaths, adults over 15 years of age have the highest number of deaths associated with Staphylococcus aureus. Among children aged 5 to 14, the death toll was the highest among Salmonella typhoid, at 49,000. Among children aged 5 (not including newborns), Streptococcus pneumoniae is the deadliest pathogen, killing 225,000 people. The pathogen that causes the most deaths in neonates is Klebsiella pneumoniae, with 124,000 deaths.
The author acknowledged that there are some limitations in the study, mostly due to the lack of data. Data are limited in some parts of the world, especially in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with the highest estimated disease burden. This underscores the need to improve data collection capacity and monitoring systems in low- and middle-income countries. Combining and standardizing data from multiple sources can also bring potential bias, including misclassification of community- or hospital-acquired infections and data from passive monitoring systems that may overestimate the toxicity or resistance of pathogens. END
NOTES TO EDITORS
This study was funded by Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Department of Health and Social Care using UK aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund. It was conducted by the Global Burden of Disease Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators.
[1] Quote direct from author and cannot be found in the text of the Article. [2] GBD 2019: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30925-9/fulltext;
GRAM:
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)02724-0/fulltext t
* Chinese translation is for reference only, and everything is subject to the original English text.
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