Manned spaceflight is the most complex, largest and most risky field in the world. In the development of the world's manned spaceflight, the construction of a low-Earth orbit manned space station is an important manifestation of the maturity of a country's manned spaceflight capability, and it is also an important indicator of a country's comprehensive national strength. However, there was a time when the cooperation door of the International Space Station was not opened to China. We embarked on the road of independent research and construction of the space station.
Although we are one step late, our pace is faster and more stable. On September 29, 2011, China successfully launched the first target vehicle Tiangong-1 at the Jiuquan satellite launch center , which became the "starting point" for the construction of the Chinese space station . In just 10 years, intensive launch missions followed one after another: Tiangong-2, Tianzhou series cargo spacecraft, Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft, Tianhe core module... China’s manned space project accelerated its entry" Space station time".
The dream story of China Aerospace is writing more and more exciting chapters. As far as the dream is, the pace of the Chinese astronauts will be steady. From the space launch site deep in the mountains to the survey ship on the vast ocean, the footprints of the hard work of scientific and technical personnel have been left everywhere, and the sweat of the unremitting hard work of scientific and technical personnel has been shed. The Chinese astronauts used their own light and heat to illuminate the journey of China's manned spaceflight. They are the witnesses, recorders, and founders of the construction of the space station.
Today, let us approach these behind-the-scenes heroes and experience their wonderful lives in resonance with the development of manned spaceflight.
——Editor
Zheng Yonghuang, Chief Engineer of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center——
Precision deployment helps Shenzhou take off
In October, the Weak Water River once again ushered in a historic moment in China's aerospace industry——
Long March 2 The F carrier rocket is about to lift three astronauts on the Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft,This will be the second manned flight in China's space station phase.
At this moment, Zheng Yonghuang, chief engineer of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, is full of pride. Behind the glory is the wisdom and sweat of Zheng Yonghuang and team members-organizing test personnel to conduct system training, optimize and adjust plans, conduct exercises and demonstrations, and conduct information collection, health assessment and fault diagnosis for the entire launch site related facilities and equipment , To transform and upgrade the test and launch command and control system...
This year is an unusual year for China's aerospace. There are two manned spacecraft launch missions in a year. This year is also the most fulfilling and busy year in Zheng Yonghuang's 30-year aerospace career. From 1993 to participate in the design demonstration of the manned space launch site , to now participate in the Shenzhou 13 manned mission, Zheng Yonghuang witnessed China's manned space flight into the space station era.
The Gobi Desert is the starting point for dreaming——
Zheng Yonghuang's initial post was a rocket oxidizer filling operator. A slight careless operation of the rocket propellant may cause an accident. This allows Zheng Yonghuang to put quality awareness, risk awareness, and standard awareness through every task at all times.
"He has to go through every document over and over again, revising and perfecting it over and over again, to make sure to come up with the best report and the best plan." Mentioning Zheng Yonghuang's professional "obsessive-compulsive disorder", senior engineer Ji Ronglin was impressed.
In June of this year, the Long March 2 F carrier rocket took off from the desert with the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft. Zheng Yonghuang, as the Chief Instructor, participates in the quality control throughout the whole process.
The inertial group is a sensitive device of the rocket control system, which is responsible for providing acceleration to the rocket. If the device fails, the consequences will be disastrous.
In the early stage of mission preparation, a minor failure occurred in the inertial system. Zheng Yonghuang immediately applauded: "Take down the faulty habitus, install the backup habitus, and send it back to Beijing for zeroing."
After troubleshooting, Zheng Yonghuang was still worried and did another review. As a result, everything was normal and the rocket was in good condition. Only then did they transfer the product to the launch area to ensure the smooth launch of the Shenzhou 12 .
"Manned spaceflight is no small matter. It is necessary to ensure that the rocket and the spacecraft will go to the sky without any problems." During the test of filling the robot, some people advocated using water instead of fuel to simulate the impact of yellow smoke on the visual positioning system. Zheng Yonghuang firmly disagrees: “It must be tested with fuel, the simulation is not in place and thorough, and the data obtained is absolutely unreliable.”
Zheng Yonghuang and his team members worked together to solve key problems, achieved 3 technical upgrades, and successfully obtained real and reliable data. Test Data.
The Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft is about to launch, and Zheng Yonghuang is preparing to launch new scientific research. "In the follow-up, China will also carry out missions such as deep space exploration. We must continue to make efforts to contribute to the Chinese dream and the space dream." Zheng Yonghuang said.
Wenchang Space Launch Site 01 commander Hu Xudong ——
Dedication to struggle to light up the journey of dreams
This year, Hainan Wenchang Space Launch Site, the "big drama" will be staged in turn-the space station sky and core capsule, Tianzhou-2 and Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft flew from here to space one after another.
The dream of the Chinese space station is becoming reality step by step. Hu Xudong, who has served as the commander of the rocket launch 01 in the early stage of the space station's construction, is surging.
01 The commander is the "soul figure" of the space launch commander. This position is the key to the success of the rocket launch.
On May 5, 2020, the Long March 5B Yaoyi carrier rocket was successfully launched at the Wenchang Space Launch Field. Subsequently, the load assembly carried by the Long March 5 B successfully separated from the rocket and entered the predetermined orbit. Between the magnificent earth and the deep space, there is a magnificent scene of mankind exploring the universe, and the door of the space station era is open to the Chinese.
01 Commander Hu Xudong wrote in his diary: "109 days of persistence, finally ushered in the complete success of the first flight of the Long March 5B carrier rocket .During this period, we have withstood the test of the new crown pneumonia epidemic and high-intensity tasks. "In just a few words, it is not easy to witness the hardships along the way.
In the past launch missions, even if all the crews were assembled, everyone needed to turn around day and night to complete the mission. The first flight mission of the Long March 5B carrier rocket was once launched. I encountered the new crown pneumonia outbreak. Hundreds of people failed to return to their posts. Among them, colleagues were quarantined.
Epidemic prevention has become an important part of the first flight mission. If a suspected case occurs at the launch site, all testing will be done. It is possible to press the pause button. Compared with the staff at the launch site, the test team members who rushed back from all over the country after the Spring Festival are even more difficult to prevent and control the epidemic.
For this reason, the launch site party committee faced the difficulties to prevent and control the epidemic. Work and space launch missions are planned, organized, and implemented as one, to overcome problems such as limited resources and shortage of personnel, strengthen risk prevention and control, increase fine management, and lay a solid foundation for the successful first flight of the rocket.
The rocket launch mission has entered a critical stage. Hu Xudong organized various systems to compare the test data records one by one to troubleshoot problems and analyze loopholes. "After quality review and rectification, everyone has more confidence in the launch of the Long March 5B carrier rocket.
In the middle of the night on May 5, 2020, Hu Xudong sighed in WeChat Moments: "It is insisting that we usher in the smooth take-off of the Long March 5B carrier rocket.
In the following more than a year, Hu Xudong and his team participated in the launch missions of the China Space Station Tianhe Core Module and the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft .
Every astronaut who is committed to striving for the human aerospace industry. "Hu Xudong said.
The original Yuanwang 6 ship of the China Satellite Marine Measurement and Control Department Captain Yang Bianjiao——
Yuanwang people chasing the stars and the sea
Quiet. On the white giant wheel, huge parabolic antennas and spherical radar, like eyes staring into the sky,Extraordinarily eye-catching.
On September 30, China’s third-generation aerospace ocean-going survey ship Yuanwang 6 left the dock once again and rushed to the ocean to perform measurement and control tasks.
Every time Yuanwang No. 6 ship starts the sea measurement and control journey of chasing stars and arrows, it will always sound the whistle. It silently watches in the depths of the ocean, with a 100% success rate of measurement and control, to escort the "Chinese Star" traveling in space.
More than 3 months ago, when the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft flew away from the measurement and control arc of Yuanwang 6, they began a "space encounter" with the Tianhe core capsule.
Earlier, the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft completed key actions such as the separation of the ship and arrow, the flight into orbit, and the deployment of the solar sailboard under the gaze of the people of the whole country. After the Shenzhou 12 and the Tianhe core module completed the rendezvous and docking mission, Yuanwang 6 was towing a long voyage and embarked on the way home.
At this moment, the stone in the heart of Yang Bianjiao, the captain of Ship Yuanwang 6 at the time, finally fell. This was the last measurement and control task he performed as a captain, and the impressive results of Yuanwang 6's complete victory also brought his captain's career to a successful conclusion.
The moment the ship turned around and returned, Yang couldn’t help but think back to a day in 1992. He had just started working shortly after he heard that the Party Central Committee had made a "three-step" development strategy for manned space projects. The last step was to "build a space station. Solve the problem of large-scale, long-term care of space applications". At that time, he still didn't quite understand the significance of the three words "space station".
More than 20 years later, Yang Bianjiao led this young team with an average age of only 29 to escort the Tianzhou 2 and Shenzhou 12 to the sky. They made a lot of achievements during the construction of the Chinese space station. One stroke.
"What is the current equipment status of the Yuanwang 6 ship, and is it ready for immediate sailing?" At midnight on May 21 this year, a call broke the tranquility of the harbor, and the Yuanwang 6 ship was recuperating at the wharf of the China Satellite Marine Monitoring and Control Department. Ling moved, only 10 days have passed since the ship returned from a long voyage and returned to its home port.
Because of the mission time conflict, the Tianzhou-2 launch measurement and control task originally performed by the Yuanwang 5 ship was transferred to the Yuanwang 6 ship that was supplied at the port for execution.
Faced with the unexpected mission, Yang said confidently: “The Yuanwang ship is always on mission.Ensure high standards to complete tasks.
24 hours to quickly gather personnel, the whole ship immediately enters the mode, all systems coordinate supply support, determine the status of equipment...
In recent years, Yang Bianjiao led the Yuanwang No. 6 ship on an emergency voyage, fighting the wind. , Fighting the evil waves, accurately predict the trend of the typhoon "Caiyun", adjust the sailing plan, carry out reasonable avoidance, and successfully complete the space measurement and control missions of Tianzhou-2 and Shenzhou-12.
Anchored on the ocean. Whether it is the danger of strong winds and rains, or the boring and lonely wandering, it is impossible to shake Yuanwang's heart of guarding the country and chasing dreams of the stars and the sea. "Yang Bianjiao said.
Xi'an Satellite Measurement and Control Center Xiamen Measurement and Control Station Engineer Chen Shaojun——
"Shepherd" guards the home in the sky
Xi'an Satellite Measurement and Control Center Xiamen on the eve of the launch of Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft Chen Shaojun, a monitoring station engineer, and his colleagues are waiting.
is actually their normal state. Tianhe core module has been launched for half a year, and most of the tracking laps of the Xiamen monitoring and control station are in the early hours of midnight. Chen Shaojun watched the whole time and followed it without landing.
"If the spacecraft is a kite, the measurement and control is the kite line, and it must be firmly held in the hands of the'shepherd'. One signal loss and one data error may pose a threat to astronauts. "Chen Shaojun said.
This year is the 30th year since the establishment of the Xiamen Measurement and Control Station of the Xi'an Satellite Measurement and Control Center, and also the 20th year that Chen Shaojun has devoted himself to the aerospace measurement and control business. .Basic knowledge, equipment structure, operating principles... Facing the vast array of learning materials, Chen Shaojun quickly grew into a technical backbone with diligence and hard work.
That year, the station technicians discovered the SATCOM chain Interference occurs from time to time on the road. At this time, more than a month before the implementation of the Shenzhou 7 manned flight mission, the measurement and control system must not have a slight error.
The root cause of the problem has not been found after a thorough inspection.When everyone was at a loss, Chen Shaojun looked up to the sky when a civil aviation plane flew over. Looking at the long trail, Chen Shaojun was thoughtful, and he quickly organized personnel to look back at the equipment's spectrum video.
Through detailed analysis, he found that as long as there is a civil aviation aircraft flying over the station, the satellite signal will change significantly.
"This ‘troublemaker’ has finally been found!" Chen Shaojun installed a filter for the equipment, successfully filtering out the interference signals from civil aircraft, and successfully completing the Shenzhou 7 manned flight mission.
In 2013, while preparing for the Shenzhou 10 manned flight mission at the station, technicians discovered that the equipment that had been operating normally suddenly appeared abnormal.
In the middle of the night, Chen Shaojun, who was unable to sleep, paced to the window and looked at the twinkling stars in the night sky. Suddenly he got inspiration in his mind: "Ionospheric flicker". This new vocabulary that he had learned while consulting the information caused him Notice.
After verifying with the local meteorological department, it was known that that year was the period of high solar activity, the ionosphere disturbance was particularly severe, and the abnormal situation of the unit equipment was basically the same as the situation described in the data.
Subsequently, Chen Shaojun organized technical personnel to conduct in-depth analysis of related problems and reported the problems to the Xi'an Satellite Measurement and Control Center. Soon, the center deployed a set of ionospheric detector equipment for the station to monitor and alarm the ionospheric flicker in real time, providing a guarantee for accurate measurement and control.
From the fledgling "Xiao Chen" to the unique "Old Chen", the construction of China's space station is based on the "shepherds" like Chen Shaojun who overcome difficulties and rise to difficulties, and help China's aerospace industry. To a new height.
Source: People's Liberation Army Daily
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