In the last century, the U.S. Apollo mission to the moon hastily ended, coupled with the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, space exploration seems to be gradually cooling down, the moon 380,000 kilometers away has become so far away again, but with the rise of the great eastern power China As aerospace science and technology is piercing the stars and wearing the moon, lunar exploration once again ushered in a new wave of "craze". The
wave of "craze" will start with the successful launch of my country’s Chang’e 1 in 2007. Seeing the smooth launch of my country’s lunar exploration program, many countries have joined the lunar exploration team, including India and Israel. Even the two major countries that successfully landed on the moon in the last century, the United States and Russia, have rejoined. The United States announced that it will return to the moon in 2024.
Mankind has already ushered in the space age, because there are so many man-made spacecraft that sample the extraterrestrial world. Chang'e 5, orbiting the moon at a height of 200 kilometers, successfully obtained lunar samples near the lunar storm ocean. The Japanese Hayabusa-2, which has returned asteroid samples, is now embarking on its second exploration journey. Samples of asteroids have been obtained and the US OSIRIS-REx is waiting to return.
Japan Hayabusa 2, the US OSIRIS-REx, my country's Chang'e 5, and the three man-made spacecraft have successfully sampled the extraterrestrial world. From the point of view of sampling technology, whose technology is more advanced? Before determining who is more advanced, we need to understand the sampling process of the three man-made spacecraft.
Japan Hayabusa 2 obtained an asteroid sample and successfully sent it back to
Speaking of the Japanese God Bird 2, I believe no one does not give a thumbs up, in order to be able to sample on the near-Earth small celestial body Ryugu, he just flew in space It took 4 years to catch up with the fast-flying Dragon Palace. In addition to conducting a series of scientific explorations on the Dragon Palace, it also deployed a number of robots that can deploy cameras, target markings, and an impact bomb. It can be said to be one of the best in the world. most.
Some people say that the sample taken by Hayabusa No. 2 is only 0.1 grams, some say 1 gram, some say 10 grams, and some say 100 grams. Seeing so many claims, I actually laughed out loud, because no one knows , Even the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) scientists have not determined how much it is. How would you know?
said that there are only 0.1 grams of friends. It is estimated that the current Hayabusa 2 and the Hayabusa of the year have been confused. The Hayabusa did very few samples that year. It is said that there are only 1,500 asteroid samples, which is more than the diameter of a hair. To be small. Friends who have seen the crazy sampling video of Hayabusa No. 2 will certainly not think that it is only 0.1 grams, and any fragment is dozens of grams. It is said that 100 grams is a bit reliable.
Now, Japan Hayabusa 2 is back with asteroid samples. The samples have been recovered by the JAXA team on December 6, while Japan Hayabusa 2 is flying non-stop to new targets.
The US OSIRIS-REx has obtained about 400 grams of asteroid samples and is waiting to return to Earth.
Just a few months ago, the US OSIRIS-REx spacecraft successfully carried out a sampling mission on the asteroid Benou 400 million kilometers away. It can be said that it was done in one go, descending, spreading the Y wings, diving, touching the ground, quickly raising, and returning to orbit. It is estimated that this kind of mining scene can only be seen in science fiction movies again. It can be said to be very science fiction.
During the few seconds of touching the ground, the OSIRIS-REx sprayed out a burst of high-pressure nitrogen, causing debris on the asteroid's surface to fly horizontally, and then quickly collected dust and debris during the chaos, but unexpectedly, a larger debris card At the entrance, the collection head could not be completely closed. In the following days, debris continued to run out. Finally, NASA had to change the plan and put the collection head into the return capsule in advance.
In order to determine how many grams of debris are in the collection head, OSIRIS-REx uses two methods, one is to determine according to the change of inertial force, the other is to determine according to the data recorded by the on-site camera, and finally, NASA scientists estimate that a total ofAbout 400 grams of sample, due to a part of the leak, there are now about 300 grams.
my country's Chang'e 5 has obtained at least 1,000 grams of lunar samples and is now returning to the earth. The landing failed, and at least 1,000 grams of lunar samples were successfully obtained, and two sampling methods were pioneered, surface sampling and drilling.
Some people may be surprised, why choose two sampling methods? In fact, the reason is also very simple. The surface sampling is to sample on the surface of the moon, while the drill can be used to sample 20 centimeters deep below the surface. The lunar soil on the surface of the moon is polluted by solar wind radiation, but not under the surface of the moon. Now, the lunar sample on Chang'e 5 has been passed from the ascender to the returner, and the orbit-return assembly returns to Earth at the right time.
three sampling spacecraft, who has more advanced technology?
From the sampling quantity, the Japanese Hayabusa 2 should be the least, between 0.1 g and 100 g. The US OSIRIS-REx has been evaluated by NASA experts, and the quantity should be between 300 g and 400 g. my country’s Chang'e 5 should be sampled between 1 kg and 2 kg. If you simply compare the number of samples, my country’s Chang'e 5 has the most samples.
is compared from the sampling difficulty. The surface of the moon is the same as the surface of asteroids in a high vacuum environment, but the difference is that the gravity of the asteroid is almost 0, but the gravity of the moon is 1/6 of the gravity of the earth, which means the ratio of land to moon Landing asteroids is more difficult. To land asteroids slowly approach by inertia, and then brake in time, but to land on the moon, you must start the reverse thrust engine and hold the spacecraft before landing slowly. If you don’t pay attention, it will be lost. The Indian Chancellor 2 and the Israeli Genesis are lessons learned. So of course it is much harder to land on the moon.
compares from the distance, the distance of the moon is 380,000 kilometers, the distance of NEO Dragon Palace is more than 300 million kilometers, and the distance of NEO Bennu is more than 200 million kilometers. Therefore, my country's Chang'e 5 is longer than the two of them. It is much shorter, but everyone should know that space flight itself does not require much energy, and it can continue to fly by relying on inertia. It is nothing more than correcting the orbit and switching the orbit in the middle. The result of
is already obvious. Chang'e 5 is the most advanced. Of course, this is not always true. Chang'e 5 obtained samples of the moon, while the American spacecraft and Japanese spacecraft obtained samples of asteroids, which has different meanings. What do you think about this?
