The entanglement between Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao, who contributed the most to the Nobel Prize?

2020/06/1510:30:05 science 1823

Yang Zhenning, now in her nineties, is still making suggestions at critical moments. Last year, we discussed the hadron collider and strongly opposed the construction of the hadron collider in China under the current circumstances.

Yang Zhenning is famous. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics at the age of 35. After that, there are several Nobel Prize-level achievements, and other people have produced several Nobel Prizes based on his work. Yang Zhenning is in the field of physics. A great god-level figure, his achievements can rank among the top ten physicists.

Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao are the pride of Chinese people. They won the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering that "parity is not conserved".

The problem comes from

The entanglement between Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao, one is about the signature of the article, who is ranked first, who is ranked second, and the other is the Nobel Prize who contributed the most.

Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao were close to each other and discovered that the parity was not conserved. They won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. The relationship deteriorated after 1962 for two reasons.

Yang Zhenning went to the United States before Li Zhengdao. He studied for a Ph.D. with a teacher for two years, while Li Zhengdao was a sophomore. They are alumni of Southwest Associated University and they are familiar with each other. They are Wu Dayou's students and brothers. Li Yi first came to the United States to find Yang Zhenning. With Yang’s help, Li Zhengdao received his doctorate in four years. Yang Zhenning gave Li Zhengdao a lot of help. After graduation, he helped him find a job and introduced him to Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. Later, he recommended him to Berkeley as a visiting scholar, but it didn't go well. Finally, Yang Zhenning invited Li Zhengdao to work at his Institute for Advanced Study as his colleague.

Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao

纸之争

The dispute over the order of signature of the paper. Yang and Li have collaborated on 37 papers in 13 years, only 23 by Yang and Li, and the remaining 14 were co-authored. These 23 articles are the first 22 of Li Zhengdao's row, and Yang Zhenning's 1 is the first. According to Li Zhengdao, Yang Zhenning came to him, hoping that his name would be in the front, because Yang was four years older than Li, and Li reluctantly agreed. When the second paper was signed, it was changed to be signed according to international conventions. Yang Zhenning said that Li is his little brother, and he has been ill after graduation. He is willing to help Li. Although the two are unhappy because of this, they are still very good friends in private.

Controversy for Nobel Prize Contributions

In 1957, the two won the Nobel Prize in Physics for non-conservation of parity. In 1962, "The New Yorker" published an article "A Question of Parity", author Jeremy (Bernsttein), formerly a colleague of Yang Li at the Institute of Advanced Studies, he later went with Li Zhengdao Recently, this article hinted that the Nobel Prize was Li Zhengdao’s idea and he needed help before he came to Yang, that is, Yang played a supporting role. After the article was written, "The New Yorker" asked Oppenheimer and Yang Zhenning to proofread the manuscript. After reading it, Yang Zhenning felt that the sample was not appropriate. Oppenheimer was their old leader and suggested not to publish this article. The author had to spend the manuscript fee in advance, and this manuscript had to be sent. Finally, the relationship between Yang and Li broke up.

To whom should this credit go, there are many similar questions.

For example, Xiao Zhang is a Ph.D. student, and his supervisor is a star professor. After Xiao Zhang came, the supervisor gave him a designated direction. In the process of doing this, Xiao Zhang found that what he imagined did not match the reality, Xiao Zhang Design a very clever method, make a particularly beautiful experiment, and come up with a novel conclusion. The tutors are very happy and they publish articles in top journals. Xiao Zhang thought to himself that he had made a name for himself, but he slowly discovered that the credit was not counted on him. In every meeting, although the mentor’s report also mentions Xiao Zhang’s name, when people discuss it, they say that it’s the mentor’s discovery. The media interviews the mentor and talks.

There are many similar phenomena in life. Obviously you have done a lot, and the final credit goes to others.

Someone has done research on Nobel Prize articles and can accurately predict who will win the award on a large number of signatures.

他的依It is that the paper should not be isolated to you, you should have published related papers in this field before and after. Not only do you own this paper, but you also own this field and topic.

This achievement is not from business performance, but from social perception. The iPhone was invented by Jobs? Was the Tesla electric car invented by Musk? Society is not here.

To this day, apart from Li Yang himself, no one in the academic circle cares about Li Yang’s contribution to his work. This is the case for many things. The parties involved were beaten to blood, and apart from seeing two bloody faces in the eyes of others, they were of no importance at all.

It is said that Bernstein interviewed when he was writing "The Problem of Parity". Both parties involved interviewed Li more often. If there are biases in the middle, Yang has the opportunity to explain his views. After that, the two broke up, and no one was able to interview both sides. Their respective defenses were their own books.

1. Bernstein published "A Question of Parity" (1962)

2. Yang published "Selected Papers 1945-1980, with Commentary" (1983)

3. Li published "Broken Parity" And "Reminiscences" (1986)

4. Jiang Caijian published "The Biography of Yang Zhenning" (2002)

5. Peking University Science Communication Center published Li's answer to the reporter's question (2003)

Later Li Zhengdao Chuan also defended the matter.

In 1971, Premier Zhou invited Yang Zhenning for dinner and said that he heard that you and Li Zhengdao were not in harmony. Yang said yes. Premier Zhou did not ask any more questions. There are also conflicts between their wives.

In 2002, Taiwan published "The Biography of Yang Zhenning". Li Zhengdao bought a lot of copies, each containing a letter saying that it was distorting the facts. This book was not published in the mainland.

Later, Yang Zhenning was interviewed by reporters and said that the Nobel Prize has positive and negative meanings. There were quite a lot of collaborators, but they all parted ways in the end. Facing the huge honor and money, they were not calm. Yang and Li have never passed this level.

In fact, it is not important who contributed to the Nobel Prize in the past. What is important is who will do in this field in the following decades Compared with Li Zhengdao, Yang Zhenning has made greater achievements and more achievements. In addition to the theory of "parity non-conservation", Yang Zhenning also has the "Yang-Mills equation" in cooperation with his students. On the basis of his work, he discovered new particles and won the Nobel Prize. Yang Zhenning inspired a large number of Nobel Prizes in physics.

Yang Zhenning returned to China and changed his nationality to help Tsinghua University build a top laboratory, and has been playing his role. In recent years, people don't care about Yang's achievements, but the story of him and his young wife Weng Fan.

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