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Researchers used X ray tomography to monitor the behavior of solid-state battery materials during charging and discharging.
Researchers from the Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Hunbourg University, Berlin, , Helmholtz Center, Berlin, and Hereon, successfully used X-ray tomography to observe the solid-state battery process to generate high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) images during charging and discharging. The researchers also found that applying pressure can reduce cracking/breaking of battery materials.
Researchers examined the solid-state battery process. Image provided by Adobe Stock
solid-state and lithium-ion battery
At the Cokerrell School of Engineering at the University of Texas, Austin, a team of researchers led by Professor John Goodenough, co-inventor of the 94-year-old lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, developed the world's first full-solid-state battery. Goodenough works with senior researcher Maria Helena Braga.
solid-state batteries are considered the future of batteries. Research has found that these types of batteries are safer, more efficient and cheaper than lithium-ion batteries.
Lithium-ion batteries may overheat and catch fire due to the inherent flammability of liquid electrolytes (LE). On the other hand, solid-state batteries do not have LE, but solid-state electrolytes (SE), meaning they do not burn or explode even if they are overheated. Solid-state batteries do not require added safety components, which also saves space when considering designing batteries for smaller size applications.
CuS 3D reconstruction inside solid-state batteries, because copper microcrystals form in CuS particles. Image provided by Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
solid-state battery has other advantages over lithium-ion batteries including higher energy density and shorter charging time. The charging process takes only a few minutes, so you can use your phone right after charging instead of waiting for hours like a traditional lithium-ion battery. This also means that devices like your phone will last longer because you won't use it when you're charging for a long time!
Research team used X-ray tomography
to select naturally occurring copper sulfide (CuS) as the positive electrode battery material studied. The research team led by Professor Philipp Adelhelm and Dr. Ingo Manke used X-ray tomography to observe the discharge reactions leading to the formation of large copper microcrystals.
Philipp Professor Adelhelm. Image provided by Adelhelm Group
X Radiation Tomography is a characterization technique that uses X-rays to generate radiation through the internal structure of an object in multiple directions. X-ray sensors are used to capture escaped X-ray radiation into two-dimensional (2D) radiography images. Process images to create 3D images from which detailed structural information can be extracted. The reaction was tracked in 3D, and researchers could track the movement of cathode particles for the first time.
Through rigorous experiments, researchers have shown that high pressure can reduce a phenomenon called cracking or rupture. During charging and discharging, volume changes in electrode and battery levels can cause fractures to occur, which can affect the operation and performance of the battery.
