hydrogen is widely used in many fields, so how it is stored and transported is a very worthy of attention. Let’s talk about how hydrogen is stored and transported.
1. Hydrogen storage method
1. Hydrogen storage tank is compressed according to compressor and stored in medium and low pressure stage. When the amount of hydrogen produced is large, it can be stored in current underground caves or natural gas bags. The underground hydrogen storage pressure level is 2MPa ~ 18MPa.
2. If the machine and equipment allow, hydrogen can be liquefied at temperature and stored in a warm liquid hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen storage capacity is much greater than the compressed hydrogen storage capacity. Under the same space, if compressed hydrogen storage provides 100 kWh hydrogen storage capacity, the hydrogen storage capacity of the warm liquid can reach 100 GWH. Considering the evaporation loss, low-temperature storage tank can only maintain the specified pressure level for a limited time.
3. Compared with compressed hydrogen storage, the compressor is a supporting technology for hydrogen storage. Due to the relatively low demand for high voltage (for example, 70MPa stored by on-board FCEV) machines and equipment, there are few statistics on compression technology. The energy required for compression varies by 10 times between different techniques. The energy density of compressed hydrogen storage is limited and the cost is high.
4. An intermediate solution between pressurization and low-temperature hydrogen storage is low-temperature hydrogen compression. In this case, liquefied hydrogen is filled into the tank, and the standard requirements for hydrogen combustion pressure of low-temperature compressed hydrogen storage (up to 35MPa) are much higher than that of ordinary low-temperature hydrogen storage (about 2 to 4MPa), so the storage time of low-temperature compressed hydrogen storage is much longer.
2. Methods of transportation of hydrogen. The transportation of hydrogen generally has various modes of transportation according to the differences in the hydrogen storage state and the difference in transportation volume.
1. Generally speaking, gaseous hydrogen is transported by trucks (long-tube trailer), and generally the transportation pressure is 20-50Mpa. Considering that the energy density of liquid hydrogen is greater than that of gaseous hydrogen, it is worth transporting a large batch of hydrogen at a distance. However, the liquefaction process consumes a lot of energy and consumes 30% of the energy of the transported hydrogen, which is like losing 7-10kWh of energy for every 1 kg of hydrogen transported. Considering that there is a large temperature difference between cold hydrogen and ambient temperature, there are high regulations on the use of materials and insulation. Generally speaking, the available range of liquid hydrogen transportation is generally more than 400-1000km, and the transportation temperature is generally maintained at around -253°C.
2. Pipeline transportation can transport large quantities of hydrogen from a long distance, which is very helpful in industrial production. However, the cost of building pipelines is expensive, especially when building pipelines in large urban areas, there are too many factors to consider. If the specified network for hydrogen transportation is dense, it is very helpful to build a hydrogen pipeline network.
or above is the storage and transportation method of hydrogen. The widespread application of hydrogen will also lead to the development of hydrogen storage and transportation technology.
