Does the earth really have half-bian "twin brothers" outside the solar system? Astronomer: Yes, there are quite a few.
The world-famous "Kepler Project" observed more than 
,000 planets outside the solar system, 1076 of them belong to the super earth.
Kepler Telescope
Super Earth is a concept, referring to those -type earth planets with volume and mass exceeding the Earth but not 10 times larger than the Earth.
Among them, many of them have astonishingly similarities to the planet and the earth. seems to be another enlarged earth.
So, will there be a planet that nurtures life?
Earth Looking for twin brothers
Kepler 452 b
Kepler 452 b (Kepler-452 b) is located outside the earth 1400 light-year , how similar is it to the earth?
First of all, the star orbiting the planet is the same as the sun as the G type star . is similar to the temperature of the sun, its mass is only 4% larger than the sun, and its radius is 1.1 times that of the sun.
and its own data. The radius of is 1.5 times that of the earth and its mass is 5 times that of . Even so, its revolution period is almost the same as that of the earth, with 385 days .
That is to say, when you go to Kepler 452 b, there will be no big jet difference between , just screw it into .
Earth and Kepler 452 b
Finally, it is the landform above it. It is very likely that has mountains and waters like the earth. As for whether there are people, this astronomer has not yet confirmed.
Kepler 452 b is located in the habitable zone of its parent star. The average surface temperature of is 265K, about minus 8℃ , which is warmer than the North and South Poles of the Earth.
And this is its average temperature. In the equatorial area of Kepler 452 b, the temperature is almost the same as the equator of the earth. may have liquid water .
The only difference is that has a surface gravity acceleration that is larger than that of the earth, 2 times that of the earth. When a person arrives on it, he can't jump up at all, as if there is still a self pressing on his body.
Ambient at minus 8℃
If there are people living on Kepler 452b, then their height and weight will be much lower than those of the Earthlings, otherwise the knees will have a lot of force.
However, some astronomers believe that Kepler 452b is a mini version of Neptune , because has a dense atmosphere on its surface. It is not ruled out that it is an gas planet after opening the atmosphere.
Kepler 452b is 2 billion years older than the earth. If life exists on it, it is very likely that it is 2 billion years faster than the earth.
Imagine that the people on Kepler 452 b have 2 billion years of development time than the earth. Can't this civilization level take off directly?
But this also brings up a question: Do humans have enough ability to cope with a civilization that is 2 billion years ahead of us?
Kepler 452b is suspected to be a mini-version sea
whether to immigrate
Human beings use a lot of funds to find the super earth, mainly for two purposes, , first, search for extraterrestrial civilizations, second, search for the next livable planet .
Generally speaking, a planet suitable for life survival will definitely exist, but the level of life will be different.
For example, has a planet that has the same life evolution trajectory as the life on Earth , but it is 1 billion years younger than the region. At this time, 's state is 1 billion years ago , which has life but is not suitable for the current human beings.
For example, Kepler 452 b, It is 2 billion years older than the earth . Assuming that its life course also nurtures life from 800 million years after its birth, then its life level will always be faster than the earth 2 billion years .
G type star
But if Kepler 452 b conceived life later, its current life is on the same level as the earth , the earthlings were just right in the past.
There is another possibility. Although Kepler 452 b is 2 billion years older than the earth, has started to nurture life for a short time. is now equivalent to the earth in the past.
If is 2 billion years ahead of , then this is simply too dangerous for the earth. At least this civilization level is above level 5. Compared with , we are really a younger brother .
The crush of advanced civilization
Even if Kepler 452b is just a planet with nothing, is waiting for humans to clear the land , with the current technology of humans, it cannot be reached.
It is 1400 light years away from the earth, Even light takes 1400 years . The light of its mother star takes 1400 years to reach the earth, which means that the light of Kepler 452 seen on the earth was emitted during the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
The human aircraft has completed a distance of 1400 light years, which is basically impossible. The diameter of the solar system of is between 2 and 4 light years, and the Voyager detector has been flying for more than 40 years but has not flew out of , let alone 1400 light years.
Overall, it is like a fantasy for humans to move to Puller452b, and the potential of is far inferior to the earth.
The lifespan of the sun
decayed early
Kepler 452b's mother star is a G-type star, which is of the same type as the sun. 's lifespan is about 10 billion years , Currently, Kepler 452's age is 6.5 billion .
According to the theoretical lifespan of G-type stars, has 3.5 billion years, and the sun has about 5 billion years of lifespan .
Interstellar immigration must be immigrating to a safer place. What can I do to spend all my luck to go to a planet in my twilight years? Is it expanding quickly to ? Is it a red superstar?
In this way, the future of Kepler 452 b is not as good as Glitzer 581 g. Its female star is an red dwarf star , which causes the surface temperature of Glitzer 581 g to be below minus 30℃ .
Glitzer 581 g
But red dwarfs have a characteristic, which is that their lifespan is particularly long, can exist for 20 billion years or even longer .
Glitzer 581 exists in our Milky Way . It is only 13.6 billion years old, and it is at least 7 billion years before it dies.
and Glitzer 581 g are only more than 20 light years away from the earth. If you really want to fly with an aircraft, leap 2 is much easier than leap 1400 light years than leap .
In this way, immigration to Kepler 452 b is very unprofitable, and there are three main reasons:
people guess Kepler 452 b
First, as the planet of the same G-type star, It has less time left , only 3.5 billion years, how can I immigrate to a planet that is about to die?
Second, is too far away from , and its true identity remains to be confirmed, and it is not ruled out that it is a gas planet.
Third, Kepler 452 b is dangerous , it is 2 billion years earlier than the earth. If there is a more advanced civilization on it, Earthlings used to be sheep entering the tiger's mouth .
The future spacecraft of human beings
Of course, Kepler 452b is not the most furthest super earth from us. Astronomers have discovered the super earth outside the Milky Way, and is 25,000 light-years away from the Earth.
In other words, the light of this super mother star was emitted 25,000 years ago, and at that time humans had not crossed the Bering Strait .
For this super far super earth, humans certainly do not have the hope of immigrating to , but we are curious whether it has life.
Humans are crazy about looking for Earth-like planets in the universe, like lonely children.
Kepler plan
Lonely Earth
The solar system has more than one planet on Earth, but absolutely Only the Earth has advanced intelligent life forms .
Europa and Titan are considered to have life, and planets like Mars are naturally considered to have life.
Mars is called the "small earth" in the solar system. because it has so many similarities with the earth. Mars' 1 day = 24 hours, 37 minutes, 22.7 seconds , which is basically no difference from the time on the earth.
However, because Mars has a larger orbital radius, it has 686.971 days in one year , and the time of the four seasons is twice that of the earth.
Marls is considered to have life
If you live on Mars, The winter and summer vacation time is twice that of the earth , so I feel relieved if I think about it this way.
However, the surface of Mars is dry and cold, and more importantly, Mars' atmosphere is thin and cannot withstand the sun's radiation .
The thin atmosphere cannot stop storm on the surface of Mars. Since Mars' gravity is only 38% of that of the earth, this causes the dust on Mars to fly particularly severely. Once storms blow, it will directly cover the sky and the sun.
Storms and lightning on Mars
Storms of Mars are the biggest enemy of human rovers. Initially, the rover used solar panels . Once the storm raged, it was not because it was worried that it would wipe away the rover, but because it blocked the sun's light and cut off the source of energy.
Humans really have the greatest expectations for Mars , because it is the most likely life among the seven remaining planets. Mars is also the place where the most aliens appear in film and television works.
can only say that human beings are really too lonely . When our wisdom opens our eyes to the universe, we are obsessed with finding life outside the earth and civilization outside the earth.
Although this is full of difficulties and even dangers, humans have paid the lives of 22 astronauts for it, but they still cannot resist our yearning for the universe.
The lonely earthlings
There is a saying that goes, When you see the vastness of the universe, you will never be calm in your heart , and you will think of a farther place, the earth can no longer hold the curiosity of human beings.
