North Star 's Expo (in the center).
1) Why is the North Star still there?
This supergiant is located in Ursus , 477 light years away from us. It is one of the brightest stars in the night sky in the northern hemisphere. It is this star that is very easy to navigate. The Arctic at the top of the (the sphere points above the observer), due to this, it is located on the rotation axis of our planet, thus achieving such a convenient orientation effect.
2) "Polestar" changes over time and even exists in other planets.
By the way, this effect itself is called North Star , that is, when the bright and visible luminescent bodies visible to the observer are close to the poles of the planet, at this time in history, the star of the Earth's North Star was Polaris, but this was not always the case. The stars themselves drift, have their own movements and move relative to each other.
For example, 13,000 years ago, the North Star of the North Pole was Vega , 25 light years away from us, 5500 BC, it was Iota Draco or Edach, located in Dynasty , and has been 103 light years away from us. Replace and replace each other.
For example, in the same Venus, the polar luminescent in the northern hemisphere is Fafnir, an orange giant in the constellation dragon, 320 light years away from our planet, in the same Neptune , but such stars are already in the southern hemisphere are crazy bright Gammapalusov , Sai , 800 light years away. Even our satellites in Antarctica have their own North Star, on the moon, it is the delta of goldfish, located in the constellation of the same name.
3) The richest element in the universe.
It is considered to be the first chemical element and the lightest gas in the periodic table - hydrogen . Almost 90% of the atoms are included in it. In addition, interstellar gas and dust are mainly composed of hydrogen , and there are stars, which are the main catalysts of thermonuclear fusion, and it exists in the form of hydrogen ionized gas. That is, plasma. Under normal pressure and temperature, hydrogen has no color, taste, or toxicity. Be careful, however, because if it works synergistically with air or the same oxygen , it will become flammable and extremely explosive.
4) Big Bang 's "residuals".
I think you have heard of Cosmic microwave background radiation, or, as it is also called cosmic ultrahigh frequency background radiation, it is this ancient thermal radiation is one of the oldest "objects" that fills the vast space of the universe with isotropy (evenly) . Absolutely absorbs electromagnetic radiation that falls on it and is within each range. The plasma itself is based on modern cosmological models and appeared in 380,000-400,000 after the Big Bang. At that time, the environment began to cool down and the particles stabilized. However, now its temperature is very close to absolute zero (0K or -273°C), equaling 2.75 K. Interest in this radiation is also increasing, as the existence and research on its properties have led scientists to realize that the Big Bang theory did happen and is supported by another argument.
Brown dwarf artistic expression.
5) The object standing between the star and the planet is a brown dwarf.
Brown dwarfs are dim cosmic celestial bodies. They are called substar , astronomical objects with star and planetary characteristics. For example, their star characteristics are their thermonuclear reactions, but they are not as powerful as familiar stars. These dwarfs don't even have a constant luminance that is clearly visible, and they will only shrink and darken over their lifetime, younger and larger dwarfs have brightness comparable to very dim stars, such as red dwarfs , but older brightness can only be compared to planets, especially with a huge planet.They also have very low temperatures, no more than 2700-2800K, and the coldest has a surface temperature of about 250-300K, which is very low. It is difficult to detect such substars, all because of their strong dimness. Basically, they emit long infrared waves and have a deep red color. Brown dwarfs also have their own categories, with only four categories (M, L, T, Y), among which the youngest, largest mass, hottest and brightest stars belong to the spectral category M, and the coldest and darkest stars belong to the Y category.
6) Mercury is shrinking and getting smaller and smaller.
Yes, the planets closest to the sun and the smallest planets in the solar system are indeed shrinking gradually and very slowly. This is because Mercury's core cools down over time. By the way, its core consists primarily of iron and nickel, almost 3/4 of the total diameter of the planet and is liquid, but as it cools, it becomes harder and harder, which causes Mercury to decrease. By the way, because of this, mountains formed on it, and their heights can be 2-3 kilometers, and the diameter of planets has been reduced by about 14 kilometers over the past 4 billion years, according to the latest data from NASA and the interplanetary station used to study Mercury’s “Messenger.”
7) sound on mars .
The conditions and environment on the "Red Planet" are significantly different from those on the earth, including the sounds that are carried out there are somewhat different from ours. This is due to Mars' atmosphere, as it is sparse and has a lower density, and in addition, it is mainly composed of carbon dioxide , whose content varies between 94-96% of the atmospheric composition. So the sound there travels more slowly, with a speed of 240 m/s and 340 m/s on Earth, and the sound signal on Mars is significantly softer, so for good audibility you need to be very close to the source. Furthermore, its carbon dioxide atmosphere mainly absorbs high-pitched sounds, while low-pitched sounds travel better over long distances.
from James Webber infrared image of Jupiter and its ring.
8) The ring of the planets in the solar system
The ring of the planet is a relatively rare sight. It is possible that in these cosmic celestial bodies they are formed by collisions of smaller objects, and then the particles and debris of the crashed object are carried along the planet's orbit in the form of an orbit around the ring. In the solar system, only Saturn has clear and discernible macro rings, but they are present in all gas giant planets , namely Neptune, Uranus and the giant Jupiter, but in these three they are very thin and almost invisible, although they can be seen safely with the help of the same infrared range of " James Webber ".
