Recently, the official website of the Nobel Committee published an answer to frequently asked questions about the Nobel Prize, from the establishment of the Nobel Prize to the nomination of candidates, and how to view the criticism of the winners after winning the prize, giving t

"Why is there an Nobel Prize ? Where does the prize come from? Is it possible to be revoked after winning the prize?" Recently, the official website of the Nobel Committee published an answer to frequently asked questions about the Nobel Prize, from the establishment of the Nobel Prize to the nomination of candidates, and how to view the criticism of the winners after winning the prize, and so on, giving the answers officially recognized by the committee.

1. Why is there a Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize was established by businessman and entrepreneur Alfred Nobel. Alfred Nobel is an inventor, entrepreneur, scientist and businessman who has also written poetry and dramas. Before his death, he left most of his wealth to physics, chemistry, physiology, or medicine, literature and peace prizes. His will state that the awards should be given to “those who bring the best interests of mankind in the previous year.”

2. How long has the Nobel Prize been awarded?

The first batch of Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901 and have been awarded every year since then. The issuance was only suspended for a few years during World War I (1914-1918) and World War II (1939-1945).

3. Why is there no Nobel Prize in Mathematics, Engineering, Biology or Environmental Science?

Nobel Prize categories are physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace—those are listed in Alfred Nobel's will.

4. Nobel Peace Prize Why is it awarded in Norwegian ?

Alfred Nobel listed in his will the person he wanted to be responsible for selecting Nobel Prize winners. In addition to the Peace Prize, these awards will be presented by the Swedish body, which will be decided by a five-member committee elected by the Norwegian Parliament. But we still don't know why Alfred Nobel chose to award the Peace Prize in Norway.

5. Where does the bonus come from?

When Alfred Nobel died, he left most of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize, he said the money should be converted into funds and invested in "safe securities." Today, the interest earned from this money is used to fund the Nobel Prize.

6. Is it possible to revoke the Nobel Prize?

Alfred Nobel's will and Nobel Foundation's 's charter did not mention any such possibility.

7. How many people can share the same Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize can be shared by up to three people. The Peace Prize is an exception, and it can be awarded to an organization. The Nobel Foundation's constitution stipulates "the rule that can only award awards to three people." The foundation is responsible for realizing the will of Nobel . It specifically pointed out: "Under no circumstances shall the amount of the prize be distributed among more than three people."

8. Will the Nobel Prize be awarded to the deceased?

No, the Nobel Prize will not be awarded to the dead. But if the winner dies after announcing the award, they can still receive the award. For example, in 2011, after the announcement of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine , one of the medical winners, Ralph Steinman, died three days ago. The Nobel Foundation Board reviewed the charter and concluded that Ralph Steinman should continue to be the Nobel Prize winner.

9. How to get the Nobel Prize nomination?

does not allow self-nomination. Except for the Nobel Peace Prize, nominations are only conducted through invitations and nominees must meet the standards stipulated by the awarding agency.

10. How are Nobel Prize winners selected?

Alfred Nobel specially designated the institutions responsible for the prizes he wished to establish in his final will and will: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry, Karolinska Institute (now the Nobel Congress of Karolinska Institute) won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Swedish Nobel Academy of Literature, a five-member committee will be elected by the Norwegian Parliament (Parliament).

Take the nomination and selection of the Nobel Prize in Literature winners as an example. The Swedish Academy is responsible for selecting Nobel Prize winners, with 18 members. Each year, four to five of the 18 members form a committee to take charge of the preliminary evaluation of the awards.

September of the previous year - Issued an invitation letter.The Nobel Committee sends nomination forms to hundreds of individuals and organizations eligible to nominate the Nobel Prize in Literature. This process follows the principle of confidentiality, that is, only the names of the final winners are announced every year, the names of the candidates are not disclosed to the public, and a 50-year confidentiality period is set. In other words, if someone claims to be nominated for the Nobel Prize that year, he will have to wait at least 50 years to verify his statement.

selection February of the year - submission deadline. The completed form must be served to the Nobel Committee by January 31 of the following year. The committee then screens the nominations and submits a list for the college to approve.

4-Preliminary candidate. After further research, the committee selected 15-20 names for the college to consider as preliminary candidates.

5-final candidate. The committee cuts the list to five priority candidates for consideration by the Academy.

6-August-read works. College members read and evaluate the work of final candidates during the summer. The Nobel Committee also prepares personal reports.

10-Nobel Prize winner was selected. In early October, the college selected the Nobel Prize winner in Literature. Candidates must receive more than half of the votes. The Nobel Prize winner was then announced.

Yangtze Evening News/Zi Niu News Reporter Sun Qingyun

Proofreading Xu Heng