When studying physics, I learned the three cosmic speeds of and . However, the speeds in the universe are not only these three. The three velocities in the textbook are only the speeds that humans can achieve.
In fact, according to the level of celestial bodies, there are six velocities in the universe, which represent the speed of leaving this celestial body system .
Rocket launch speed
So, where can humans go after reaching the highest level of speed? Can it really fly to the edge of the universe?
If you want to know these questions, let’s first understand what these six speeds are.
Speed in the universe
The three speeds achieved by humans
are also satellite . Which one is faster, the speed of the man-made or the speed of the moon? This answer is the first and second cosmic speed will tell us.
The moon's orbital speed is only or more than 1 kilometer per second , but the artificial satellite we launched must reach at least .9 km/s when entering space, otherwise will not be able to enter the orbit around the earth . Why is this?
The reason is the gravity of the earth. The moon and satellites come to their orbits differently. The moon was knocked out, and the satellites need to rely on rockets to send themselves into space .
This process is equivalent to escaping the earth but has it completely escaped , so it is not an escape speed.
artificial satellite
The speed of the satellite launch into space can only be greater than this speed, and cannot be smaller than this speed , otherwise it will return to the embrace of the earth instead of orbiting it. This speed is called first cosmic speed .
So how fast can the artificial satellite be? They can be faster than 7.9 km/sec, but not faster than 11.2 km/sec. . At this speed, will really leave the earth and become a part of the solar system .
If there is no extra force, it will surround the sun and become a celestial body in the solar system.
Parker detector circling around the sun
This speed is called second cosmic speed, also called escape speed . Each celestial body has its own escape speed, which is related to the celestial body's mass and radius .
The Earth is 11.2 km/s , the Moon is 2.4 km/s , and Mars is 5 km/s .
The entire solar system is the world of the sun. If you want to get rid of its constraints, you must break free from its gravity. Just like leaving the earth, this also requires a speed. It is called rd cosmic speed .
Voyager 1
According to the gravity of Niu Jue Niu, the minimum speed of reaches 16.7 km/s , which is the flight speed of two human Voyager detectors, with the purpose of leaving the solar system and going out of the system.
It is worth noting that the speed of human beings directly launching on the earth is not this speed. The Voyager detector is . It uses Jupiter as a gravitational slingshot to speed itself up to barely reach . This technology is also considered a necessary means for humans to leave the solar system in the future.
These three speeds are the speeds that humans have achieved so far, and there are three speeds. Humans are still far away from them .
Our position in the Milky Way
The fourth cosmic speed
After leaving the solar system, who will the Voyager detector be affected by? What speed will it achieve?
Theoretically speaking, after leaving the solar system, the Voyager detector belongs to an artificial object in the Milky Way, which will orbit the Milky Way.
Universe speed is also called escape speed, so by analogy The fourth cosmic speed is equal to the escape speed of the Milky Way galaxy , which is the minimum speed to leave the Milky Way where we are to go to other Milky Ways.
When studying physics, I learned the three cosmic speeds of and . However, the speeds in the universe are not only these three. The three velocities in the textbook are only the speeds that humans can achieve.
In fact, according to the level of celestial bodies, there are six velocities in the universe, which represent the speed of leaving this celestial body system .
Rocket launch speed
So, where can humans go after reaching the highest level of speed? Can it really fly to the edge of the universe?
If you want to know these questions, let’s first understand what these six speeds are.
Speed in the universe
The three speeds achieved by humans
are also satellite . Which one is faster, the speed of the man-made or the speed of the moon? This answer is the first and second cosmic speed will tell us.
The moon's orbital speed is only or more than 1 kilometer per second , but the artificial satellite we launched must reach at least .9 km/s when entering space, otherwise will not be able to enter the orbit around the earth . Why is this?
The reason is the gravity of the earth. The moon and satellites come to their orbits differently. The moon was knocked out, and the satellites need to rely on rockets to send themselves into space .
This process is equivalent to escaping the earth but has it completely escaped , so it is not an escape speed.
artificial satellite
The speed of the satellite launch into space can only be greater than this speed, and cannot be smaller than this speed , otherwise it will return to the embrace of the earth instead of orbiting it. This speed is called first cosmic speed .
So how fast can the artificial satellite be? They can be faster than 7.9 km/sec, but not faster than 11.2 km/sec. . At this speed, will really leave the earth and become a part of the solar system .
If there is no extra force, it will surround the sun and become a celestial body in the solar system.
Parker detector circling around the sun
This speed is called second cosmic speed, also called escape speed . Each celestial body has its own escape speed, which is related to the celestial body's mass and radius .
The Earth is 11.2 km/s , the Moon is 2.4 km/s , and Mars is 5 km/s .
The entire solar system is the world of the sun. If you want to get rid of its constraints, you must break free from its gravity. Just like leaving the earth, this also requires a speed. It is called rd cosmic speed .
Voyager 1
According to the gravity of Niu Jue Niu, the minimum speed of reaches 16.7 km/s , which is the flight speed of two human Voyager detectors, with the purpose of leaving the solar system and going out of the system.
It is worth noting that the speed of human beings directly launching on the earth is not this speed. The Voyager detector is . It uses Jupiter as a gravitational slingshot to speed itself up to barely reach . This technology is also considered a necessary means for humans to leave the solar system in the future.
These three speeds are the speeds that humans have achieved so far, and there are three speeds. Humans are still far away from them .
Our position in the Milky Way
The fourth cosmic speed
After leaving the solar system, who will the Voyager detector be affected by? What speed will it achieve?
Theoretically speaking, after leaving the solar system, the Voyager detector belongs to an artificial object in the Milky Way, which will orbit the Milky Way.
Universe speed is also called escape speed, so by analogy The fourth cosmic speed is equal to the escape speed of the Milky Way galaxy , which is the minimum speed to leave the Milky Way where we are to go to other Milky Ways.
This speed is very difficult to get the accurate value of . Because this is related to the black hole mass of the Milky Way Ginox Center and the radius of Galaxy . Humans currently do not have exact values for these data.
Milky Way
We do not know whether there are other black holes and larger-mass celestial bodies in the center of the Ginox, so the velocity of the fourth universe can only be estimated.
We use the sun's revolution as a reference. Yes, although the sun is a star, it also has , and it also has its own revolution period .
The speed of the sun is beyond our imagination. It can run 220 kilometers in one second , surpassing the speed of all its planets.
and the orbital period is even more terrifying. The time for to rotate for about 250 million years . That is to say, the last time the sun was at this position today, the mass extinction of at the end of the Permian was happening on the earth.
Solar system is also in revolution
From the revolution of the sun, it can be seen that it definitely does not exceed the escape speed of the Milky Way , otherwise the Sun will continue to stay away from the Milky Way.
According to observations, the sun is actually approaching the center of the Milky Way, but does not have to worry about the sun being swallowed by the black hole in the center of the galaxy. Because at the close speed, the sun is likely to have reached the end of its lifespan before it has been swallowed.
can be seen from this that if you want to escape from the Milky Way, then must be greater than 220 km/s . There is currently no detector that humans can do this.
Once upon a time, astronomers believed that the Milky Way was the entire universe, but under the research of Hubble and others, there was a river outside the river, and The Milky Way where we are is just a member of the thousands of galaxies in the universe .
The magnificent Milky Way
The Milky Way will also "club together to keep warm" between the Milky Ways to form galaxy group or galaxy cluster . The former is small in scale, while the latter is large in scale. In layman's terms, it is small groups and large groups.
The galaxy group we are in has more than 0 galaxy , which belongs to a small group. Each of them has equal membership levels, and the Milky Way is just one of the members.
Therefore, after leaving the Milky Way, the next destination of is galaxy group .
galaxy cluster or galaxy cluster
The fifth cosmic speed
is the same as the sun's revolution, and the Milky Way cannot stay still forever . It can also move, but no matter how it moves, it cannot escape from this galaxy cluster. Astronomers do not have a clear answer to what force does
galaxy groups gather together, but it is certain that they are moving .
But no matter how they move, major galaxies cannot escape from their group , as if they are all group owners, so they cannot be kicked out of the group.
galaxy cluster group photo
The fifth cosmic speed is more difficult to calculate than the fourth cosmic speed. It can only be estimated to be between about 500 and 2250 km/s . It is obvious that this speed is more than 100 times the cosmic speed achieved by humans, .
Even if it really reaches this speed, it will be difficult to fly over this galaxy group, because the diameter of this galaxy group is 5-10 million light-years . It takes more than one billion years to leave at this speed.
It is obvious that this is not something that the current earth civilization can accomplish, and we cannot meet this standard even at the end of this century.
The fifth universe exists more in a theory to explore the galaxies' motion speed , and to find and calculate the galaxy's motion trajectory and velocity.
The name of the celestial system
So, is there any system in the universe that is more advanced than this galaxy group? Of course, there is, on the basis of galaxy clusters, there is super galaxy cluster .
The name of the supercluster we are in is Virgo supercluster . Of course, we can also affectionately call it This supercluster .If you want to leave this system, the fifth universe speed is not enough. also needs a higher and faster speed to leave the super galaxy cluster .
Supergalaxy cluster we are in
The sixth cosmic speed
No one can calculate the size of the sixth cosmic speed . Perhaps the upper limit of is that the speed of light or even exceeds the speed of light can achieve .
Supergalaxy cluster is the largest celestial system in the universe at present. Leaving it basically means entering the blank space of the universe, that is, the gap between the supergalaxy clusters .
The diameter of a super galaxy cluster is between 100 million light-years and , while the radius of the universe is 46 billion light-years and . It is obvious that many super galaxy clusters are stuffed into the universe.
Many astronomers believe that this cosmic speed does not necessarily exist because it cannot completely leave this super galaxy group. Some people even believe that humans will never catch up with the boundaries of the universe .
The universe is expanding larger than we imagined. This is the consensus of many celestial scholars, but the speed of its expansion is rarely explained accurately.
If the expansion speed of the universe is faster than the speed of light , then even light cannot catch up with the boundaries of the universe. Humans mainly use electromagnetic wave to explore the universe, and light is also electromagnetic waves.
Electromagnetic waves cannot reach the real universe, so The universe we see and receive are all past tense .
The information we obtained in the universe was transmitted to the earth after many years, and the celestial bodies we launched were no longer there.
This sounds very sad, as if people can't catch up with the warmth, The information we get is N-hand information , maybe it's real, but it's definitely not real-time.
Where is the boundary of the universe
From the third to the sixth speed, it seems that there are three numbers in between. In fact, there are more than three civilizations separated, and humans still have a long way to go.
If you want to leave this system, the fifth universe speed is not enough. also needs a higher and faster speed to leave the super galaxy cluster .
Supergalaxy cluster we are in
The sixth cosmic speed
No one can calculate the size of the sixth cosmic speed . Perhaps the upper limit of is that the speed of light or even exceeds the speed of light can achieve .
Supergalaxy cluster is the largest celestial system in the universe at present. Leaving it basically means entering the blank space of the universe, that is, the gap between the supergalaxy clusters .
The diameter of a super galaxy cluster is between 100 million light-years and , while the radius of the universe is 46 billion light-years and . It is obvious that many super galaxy clusters are stuffed into the universe.
Many astronomers believe that this cosmic speed does not necessarily exist because it cannot completely leave this super galaxy group. Some people even believe that humans will never catch up with the boundaries of the universe .
The universe is expanding larger than we imagined. This is the consensus of many celestial scholars, but the speed of its expansion is rarely explained accurately.
If the expansion speed of the universe is faster than the speed of light , then even light cannot catch up with the boundaries of the universe. Humans mainly use electromagnetic wave to explore the universe, and light is also electromagnetic waves.
Electromagnetic waves cannot reach the real universe, so The universe we see and receive are all past tense .
The information we obtained in the universe was transmitted to the earth after many years, and the celestial bodies we launched were no longer there.
This sounds very sad, as if people can't catch up with the warmth, The information we get is N-hand information , maybe it's real, but it's definitely not real-time.
Where is the boundary of the universe
From the third to the sixth speed, it seems that there are three numbers in between. In fact, there are more than three civilizations separated, and humans still have a long way to go.
