What is magnetar? What is the planet?
Few people have heard of magnetars. After all, the concept of magnetars appeared relatively late and relatively rare. Magnets belong to neutron star , which is the most magnetic planet in neutron stars, and roughly accounts for one-tenth of the neutron stars found, which is also the reason why magnetars are not well-known.
1.4 times more than sun mass stars will often produce supernova explosion . After the remaining wreckage gathers, the mass is 1.4 times the mass of the sun. At this time, the electron degenerate force cannot resist the strong pressure generated by gravity. The electrons are pressed into the proton and become neutrons or neutrons . Matter is composed of neutrons, and neutrons are subjected to strong squeeze pressure, and the neutrons themselves are compressed. The degenerate force of neutrons, that is, the repulsive force between powerful neutrons, resists powerful gravity. We call this planet composed of neutrons a neutron star.
neutron star is composed of neutrons under strong squeeze pressure. , its density is even greater than that of atomic nucleus that is not subjected to squeeze pressure. Therefore, the matter is extremely dense. Since the previous angular momentum was inherited, when the body was actively reduced, the neutron star could only helplessly achieve the conservation of angular momentum through extremely fast rotation angular velocity. Therefore, all neutron stars have very fast rotation angular velocities.
We know that the rotation speed is closely related to the magnetic field strength of and , and the two are proportional. Therefore, all neutron stars have powerful magnetic fields. The powerful magnetic field formed by
neutron stars will form a powerful electromagnetic radiation in the poles of the neutron stars. The energy of these electromagnetic radiation comes from the powerful rotational kinetic energy of neutron stars. Therefore, in the first time in the life of a neutron star, it rotates the fastest and has the strongest magnetic field. After that, the rotation of neutron stars will gradually slow down, and the magnetic field generated will also weaken in the same proportion.
stars all rotate, but there are obvious differences in rotation speeds. Some stars rotate very fast, most stars rotate averagely, and some stars rotate very slowly. It's always a minority that is extreme. The angular momentum inherited by neutron stars formed by the stellar supernova explosion wreckage will also vary greatly. Neutron stars with high angular momentum will also rotate very quickly. This type of neutron star that inherits a larger angular momentum will have a very high rotation speed and a greater magnetic property in the early stages of its formation. Scientists call this type of neutron star magnets.
Because the magnetic field strength of the magnetar is particularly strong, the electromagnetic radiation formed will also be particularly strong, the energy loss is naturally large, and the rotation speed decreases rapidly. After tens of thousands of years or longer, the rotation speed of magnetars will drop significantly, and the magnetic field strength will also drop a lot. They will no longer be called magnetars and become members of ordinary neutron stars. Therefore, the number of magnetars is indeed very small.
Therefore, magnetars are neutron stars with a higher magnetic field strength in early neutron stars. Neutron stars after a period of formation are not considered magnetars. Among the early neutron stars, the magnetic field strength is not particularly high, and they are not considered magnetars. Later, it was found that some white dwarf under the degenerate force also had a significant magnetic field and could also be classified into magnetars.
neutron stars are relatively dull and are not easy to detect. The polar region of the planet can face the neutron star on the earth and is easily discovered. We call it pulsar . Magnets in neutron stars are discovered by star-shaking events. The shell of a neutron star is composed of hard iron and other elements, with a thickness of dozens of meters. Neutron stars will also capture some substances, such as helium element , etc. These captured substances will accumulate on the surface of neutron stars. Accumulating to a certain level, strong pressure will crush the hard shell and produce huge force like earthquakes. This happens on the entire surface of the neutron star, which we call star earthquake .
astral earthquake event is a process of release of huge energy, which can release solar radiation energy equivalent to the sun within 150,000 years in 0.1 second. This will have a huge impact on the surrounding space or celestial bodies, and can even affect the earth. This energy release is mainly the radiation of gamma rays . People first observe this event, and then produce magnetar theory that explains this phenomenon. This is how the concept of magnetar is born.The occurrence of a star-seismic event in
is related to the powerful magnetic field of a magnetar, which is thousands of times stronger than that of an ordinary neutron star. The powerful magnetic field of a magnetar acts on the high-speed moving charged particles on the surface of the magnetar, heating the surface matter, which is the main reason for star earthquakes. It is also the main reason for the energy loss of magnetars and the main reason for the short lifespan of neutron stars. If so, the star earthquake seems to be able to explain it like this. Because magnetar magnetic fields are particularly powerful, magnetars can also produce magnetic field strengths similar to those produced by ordinary neutron stars in polar regions in non-polar regions. This causes magnetars to generate powerful electromagnetic radiation on all surfaces of magnetars, and ordinary neutron stars only generate powerful electromagnetic radiation in the two regions. The star-shaking event of magnetars is generated on this basis.
The substance captured by the magnetar, such as helium elements, accumulates on the surface of the magnetar and is heated under the action of the powerful magnetic field of the magnetar. When the capture material accumulates to a certain thickness, the conditions are met to occur for the nuclear fusion reaction. Then a rapid nuclear fusion reaction occurred on the surface of the magnetar, and the gamma rays released by the nuclear fusion reaction radiated directly to the surrounding space. In our eyes of Earth, a gamma ray explosion occurred in a magnetar.
The nuclear fusion inside the sun also produces gamma rays, but because they are too close to the inside, these powerful lights cannot come out. After countless collisions, when they come to the surface of the sun, they have become ordinary light. Nuclear fusion occurs on the surface of neutron stars, and gamma rays can radiate to the surrounding space with less blockage. The question is, ordinary neutron stars can also capture matter, so why does not undergo intense nuclear fusion reactions on their surface?
Is it because the magnetic field on the surface of ordinary neutron stars is not particularly large, and the substance captured on the surface will gradually gather into their own poles under the condition of thermal motion. After all, charged particles along the direction of magnetic line are not affected by the magnetic field and can reach the two poles directly. In the end, almost all the captured matter comes to the two poles. The captured substance does not accumulate on the surface, and naturally there will be no nuclear fusion reaction.
The magnetic field strength of a magnetar is particularly large, and the captured substance on the surface is easily heated by a strong magnetic field, and the thermal motion is particularly intense. This causes its trapped material to be easily bumped and interrupted when it moves to the poles. Therefore, a large amount of captured matter can accumulate on the surface of magnetars. Provides convenience for the production of nuclear fusion on the magnetar surface.
We can conclude that the poles of magnetars will continue to radiate powerful electromagnetic waves , which will produce electromagnetic radiation hundreds of times stronger than pulsars. It's just that we didn't observe it because of the small number of magnetars.
According to the lifespan of magnetars, tens of thousands of years or longer, it can be judged that the number of magnetars is extremely small, far less than the number of neutron stars. It is estimated that it will be less than one percent of the number of neutron stars, or even one thousandth of the number of neutron stars. . However, the proportion of neutron stars found by people is not small, perhaps one tenth. This is mainly because the star earthquake events are very powerful and are easily discovered. More neutron stars are difficult to detect because their polar regions do not have the opportunity to face the earth. It should be that all neutron stars are strong or weak pulsars. We have only discovered or are about to discover the part of the neutron stars that can face the Earth in the polar regions, and more neutron stars may never be discovered.
