The results of the 2021 Nobel Prize selection that people are waiting for are announced today. The first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine will be announced at 17:30 tonight!
Whenever the Nobel Prize is announced, "why always miss the Chinese"? This issue has always affected the nerves of the Chinese people.
Japan, a major country in Asia, has gained the attention of the whole world in recent years for its Nobel Prize winning momentum.
So far, Japan has won 28 Nobel Prizes, ranking 6th among countries in the world.
Japan once put forward the goal of winning 30 Nobel Prizes in the first 50 years of the 21st century. By 2020, Japan has collected 19 Nobel Prizes, an average of 1 per year, and most of them are Natural Science Award.
Where does the confidence of the Japanese come from? What can China learn from this?
In modern times, China has experienced a special period of indirect introduction of Western science from Japan. Many scientific terms in modern Chinese, especially medical terms, are directly extended to Japanese, which is a portrayal of this period, such as mathematics and physics. , Chemistry, astronomy, biology, internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, blood pressure, diabetes, electrocardiogram, etc. Chinese and Japanese are exactly the same. This shows that the Japanese learned, introduced, and developed Western natural sciences earlier than China, and Japan used to be a Chinese teacher.
Since " Meiji Restoration ", Japan has advocated " break from Asia and enter Europe ", and carry out "national transformation" of its people in accordance with Western values.It can be considered that, at least in the field of science, Japan has completely got rid of the Eastern "primitive system thinking" and turned to a country that conforms to the "analytic" thinking of modern science. In the system of science and university education, it also completely copied the Western model, such as the University of Tokyo, which is completely imitating the German route, first technical colleges, and then comprehensive universities. At the same time, Japan has fully integrated natural science research into university education. It is a country that has invested heavily in university development of basic science, has a tradition of "free research", and is no different from the West. Japan also has a few national basic research institutions independent of universities, but like developed countries in Europe and the United States, such "planned" scientific research entities like Chinese Academy of Sciences do not exist at all.
Of course, the achievements of Japanese science today have a lot to do with the establishment of the advanced scientific system before the war and the material foundation laid by the rapid economic development after the war. Although the "World Science Center" is not the same as the "World Economic Center", there is a certain overlap between the two. In the early 1990s, Japan's economic development reached its peak. Not only did it advance to the second place in the world, but it also kept pace with the United States. Although Japan's GDP has given way to China's ranking third in the world since 2010, its economic size and degree of development, and its strong support for science, still follow the United States in the world.
In recent years, Japan has won frequent Nobel Prize awards, and its full-scale scientific work is also an important reason. Among the Chinese students at the University of Tokyo, there is a saying that the light in the office of his "boss" is always on at 9:00 pm, and the "boss" hasn't left yet, so I am embarrassed to leave, and honestly follow. "Work"! Compare this with Chinese scientific and technical personnel who are busy all day for "a few buckets of rice", busy for their children to go to nursery and school, look for relationships to apply for research funding, worry about completing the SCI paper assessment, and work hard to be an official. Obviously, the quantity and quality of Japanese "scientific labor time" is beyond our comparison. Let’s not talk about the pseudo-issue of whether the Japanese or the Chinese are smarter.Just "scientific labor time", especially the labor time of a single scientist, we have a huge gap.
Another "scientific phenomenon" that occurred at the University of Tokyo, Japan, is also worth talking about. In March before the admission season for freshmen each year, the campus of the University of Tokyo (Tokyo Hongo Sanchome Headquarters) is always filled with various instruments and equipment. These instruments and equipment are eliminated by the research laboratories. It's still very new, so many people will go to the University of Tokyo to pick up and go to "Taobao". At the beginning, the Chinese students at the University of Tokyo thought this was incredible and a great waste, but as time passed, they gradually learned and understood: it is precisely because of this "timely elimination" "This has ensured the world advanced nature of the scientific instruments and equipment of the University of Tokyo, and other universities in Japan should do the same.
I have to say that the national policy leaning towards basic science, the establishment of the tradition of "free research", the strong national economic strength, the "scientific labor time" of scientists at full capacity, advanced scientific instruments and equipment, one and a half century The long-term accumulation of, coupled with being in the same camp as the West, are several important reasons why Japan's Nobel Prize has entered the harvest season. Some of these can be solved by money. China is already the world's second largest economy and there is no problem. Others cannot be solved by money alone. From this point of view, China still has a long way to go.
Just as the world-renowned scientist Yang Zhenning predicted in 2010, "The Chinese will win the Nobel Prize in 20 years. It is not optimistic. I think it can be achieved in 10 years. After graduating from university (Medical Department) and Mo Yan ( graduated from Beijing Normal University and worked at the school), it is expected that sporadic Nobel Prizes from China will always occur, and mainly in universities. However, China has to produce Nobel Prize winners in batches like the United States, Britain, Germany, and Japan, even if its economic scale surpasses the United States to become the world's largest economy in a few years.It also takes a long period of time. After all, as mentioned above, "world economic center" does not mean "world science center".
The Nobel Prize is mainly for the natural sciences. It does not have the mathematics prize . The reason has not been verified. The peace prize and economics prize can be understood as an embellishment of it.
The Nobel Prize-winning countries-the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom, have historically been the "science centers" of the world. Since the "scientific language" (the core language of scientific papers) has been English so far, the United States and the United Kingdom, where the national language is English, are particularly prominent. As a member of Europe, the birthplace of modern science, Germany, France, Sweden , Switzerland, Austria and other countries have been deeply influenced by scientific traditions and performed well.
Japan, which is located in Asia with China and the "scientific language" is not a national language, has achieved extraordinary results at the Nobel Prize. It is especially worthy of our in-depth study.
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