tumor is a new organism formed by the body under the influence of various tumorigenic factors, and the cells in local tissues lose normal regulation of their growth at the genetic level, resulting in abnormal proliferation of and differentiation of . Once a new organism is formed, it does not stop growing due to the elimination of the cause. The growth is not physiologically regulated by the normal body, but destroys normal tissues and organs. This is particularly obvious in malignant tumors.
Compared with benign tumors, malignant tumors grow faster, showing infiltrating growth of , prone to bleeding, necrosis, ulcers, etc., and often have distant metastasis, causing weight loss, weakness, anemia, , loss of appetite, fever, and severe damage to the organ function, and ultimately causing death of the patient.
Why is cancer becoming more and more "rampant"?
Hundred years of epidemiological research and experimental and clinical observations have found that environment and behavior have an important impact on the occurrence of human malignant tumors. It is estimated that about 80% of malignant tumors are related to environmental factors. Various environmental and genetic carcinogenic factors may cause cell carcinogenesis in a synergistic or sequential manner, forming malignant tumors.
, external factors
(1) Chemical factors: such as alkylating agent , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, amino azos, nitrosamines, mycotoxin and phytotoxin , etc., which can induce lung cancer, skin cancer , bladder cancer , liver cancer , esophageal cancer and gastric cancer , etc.
(2) Physical factors: Ionizing radiation, such as X-rays can cause skin cancer, leukemia , etc. Ultraviolet rays can cause skin cancer, asbestos fiber is related to lung cancer, talc powder is related to gastric cancer, deep burn scars and chronic skin ulcers may all become cancerous, etc.
(3) Biological factors: mainly viruses, of which 1/3 is DNA virus and 2/3 is RNA virus . DNA viruses such as EB virus are related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt lymphoma , human papillovirus infection is related to cervical cancer , and hepatitis B virus is related to liver cancer. RNA viruses such as T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus are associated with T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma . In addition, Helicobacter pylori infection with is also related to the occurrence of gastric cancer.
, internal factors
(1) Genetic factors: True direct inheritance of tumors is only a few unusual tumors. The role of genetic factors in most tumor occurrence is to increase the body's tendency to develop tumors and susceptibility to oncogenic factors, such as colon polyposis, breast cancer , gastric cancer, etc.
(2) Immune factors: Congenital or acquired immunodeficiency is prone to malignant tumors, such as patients with gamma protein deficiency are prone to leukemia and lymphogenic hematopoietic system tumors. After kidney transplantation, the tumor incidence is relatively high. However, most malignant tumors occur in people with "normal" immune function. The main reason is that tumors can escape the surveillance of the immune system and destroy the body's immune system. The mechanism is not yet clear.
(3) Endocrine factors: For example, estrogen and prolactin are related to breast cancer, growth hormone can stimulate the development of cancer.
What are the treatment methods for cancer?
, surgical treatment
Surgery treatment mainly includes radical surgery, diagnostic surgery, palliative surgery, etc. If you are in the early stage of cancer, the lesion can be removed through radical surgery to achieve the purpose of curing. If you are in the advanced stage of cancer, and have a wide range of lesions, some lesions can be removed through palliative surgery, which can relieve body discomfort and delay the development of the disease.
, chemical drug treatment
Use chemotherapy drugs to interfere with the division of cancer cells and inhibit the growth of cancer cells. It can achieve the purpose of controlling the development of the disease, but chemical drugs may also kill normal cells.
, Radiation therapy
Use radiation to irradiate the lesions to eliminate cancer cells, and can block the division of cancer cells, reduce the area of the lesions, and create conditions for surgery.
, targeted therapy
uses targeted drugs to selectively act on the lesions, eliminating local cancer cells, usually not damaging normal tissue cells, and have relatively few side effects.
, immunotherapy
fights the proliferation and differentiation of cancer cells through the body's autoimmunity, preventing the disease from continuing to worsen.
, endocrine treatment
partly caused by abnormal hormone levels in the body, such as prostate cancer , breast cancer, etc., hormone levels in the body can be regulated through endocrine treatment, which can inhibit the expansion of the lesions.
is the online saying that "one injection of 1.2 million yuan will be given, and cancer cells will be cleared for 2 months" reliable?
A news circulating on the Internet has sparked heated discussion: "A shot of 1.2 million yuan will be given, and cancer cells will be cleared in two months." This "anti-cancer miracle drug" with a shot of 1.2 million yuan is exactly one of the immunotherapy methods. "This method is a product that has been launched on the market allowed by the state. We call it CAR-T therapy, which is also one of immunotherapy. It is the first domestic method to use immune cells in the human body to treat tumors." Li Xiaomei, chief physician of the Department of Radiotherapy at the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Hospital), introduced that a "anti-cancer miracle drug" worth 1.2 million yuan per shot is not omnipotent.
" 'car' means that it is like a car loading a lot of tumor antigens. 'T' is aimed at protecting T cells in the human body . So the entire CAR-T therapy is to hope that T cells can carry antigen , reach the local tumor, and then produce antibodies. "
Li Xiaomei said that this is equivalent to a targeted therapy. This treatment method is currently approved for lymphoma, that is, some hematological system tumors in the world. "As for whether it is effective for solid tumors, there is no relevant research data yet."
Simply put, "A single injection of 1.2 million yuan will be given, and cancer cells will be cleared for 2 months" has not been recognized by professional doctors. "It can only be said that CAR-T therapy is an emerging immune cell therapy and is also the most cutting-edge research field in the medical field at present, but clinical use is still in the early stages."
Li Xiaomei reminds that premature or excessive promotion of the so-called "anti-cancer drugs" will not only mislead the public, but may also give fraudsters an opportunity to take advantage of it.
Some patients believe in rumors that they hope to cure cancer, but they can't afford to use medicine. They can easily turn their attention to fraudsters who actually sell fake medicines under the guise of CAR-T therapy. In the end, not only can they not receive regular treatment, but they also spend money in vain.
If cancer is really detected, you should cooperate with the doctor to actively treat it, so as to avoid more serious problems. The earlier the cancer is detected, the more helpful it is to treat it and can also reduce the level of pain in the patient.
Any disease is traceable before it occurs, including cancer. If the body really develops cancer, what are the obvious manifestations? Let’s discuss it in detail below, and I hope you can keep it in mind.
Doctor: If these abnormalities occur, premature screening will be wonderful
. Unexplained weight loss, weakness, irregular pain in the upper abdomen, decreased appetite, especially anorexia.
. Women who are not pregnant and breastfeeding have nipples running water or can squeeze out liquid juice.
. Any part of the body such as breast , a gradually enlarged lump appears on the neck or abdomen.
, dry cough, blood in sputum, chest tightness chest pain , it cannot be cured for a long time.
. Women over middle-aged have a small amount of vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse, or irregular vaginal bleeding during normal periods, or menstruation after several years of menstrual recession, and leucorrhea significantly increases.
, jaundice and upper abdominal mass without abdominal pain.
. The liver enlarges rapidly and is accompanied by liver pain.
. Painless hematuria of unknown cause.
. Skin ulceration cannot heal for a long time.
0, black mole suddenly enlarges, accompanied by burning, ulceration, bleeding and pain, or hair loss on the mole.
1, Recurrent fever and stubborn dental bleeding, subcutaneous bleeding and progressive anemia.
2. Repeated high fever of unknown cause.
3, oral mucosa, or white spots appear on the glans of female vulva or male penis, and it quickly expands and burns and itchy.
4. Progressive weakness in both lower limbs, abnormal sensory, disordered movements or sometimes incontinence with urination and defecation.
5. Fractures of large bones such as femur and humerus due to no obvious external force.
6. When eating and swallowing, there is a foreign body infarction, tingling, or the food passes slowly.
7, nasal congestion, often a small amount of nasal bleeding or nasal snot is often bloody, accompanied by migraine , dizziness, tinnitus , and swollen lymph nodes are touched in the front and back areas below the upper earlobe of the neck.
8, stool habits change , or diarrhea and constipation often appear alternately, or the stool often contains pus and blood, or the stool becomes thinner and flat.
9. Gradually aggravated headache, accompanied by sudden brief visual impairment and vomiting.
0. Adolescents have severe pain and swelling of elbows or knee joints. It is ineffective to treat it with antirheumatic drugs or antibiotics.
extension - What are the anti-cancer foods?
, apple
apple is rich in dietary fiber and vitamin C. An apple contains 10% of the daily recommended amount of dietary fiber and vitamin C. Intestinal flora can also use pectin in dietary fiber to produce compounds that are beneficial to cells. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant quercetin , epicatechin, anthocyanin contained in red apple , and triterpenes contained in apple peel all have strong antioxidant abilities.
, cherry
Studies have shown that cherry can relieve headaches and arthritis, gouty arthritis pain. Whether it is sour cherry or sweet cherry , they are rich in vitamin C, dietary fiber, and mineral potassium. Sour cherries also contain vitamin A. Anthocyanins give them antioxidant capacity and bright colors.
, coffee
Whether coffee can fight cancer has always been controversial, and research shows that coffee will increase the risk of cancer. At present, coffee has been removed from the list of "B carcinogens ", and there is increasing evidence that coffee can reduce cancer risk. The anti-cancer mechanism of coffee is still not particularly clear at present, and the ingredients of coffee will change with the changes in coffee beans.
, cranberry
cranberry juice can prevent urinary tract infection . But for most women, the unique flavor and color of cranberry has long surpassed food. Also rich in vitamin C and dietary fiber. Anthocyanins, ursolic acid , benzoic acid , etc. have extremely strong antioxidant ability.
, tea
The nutrients in tea also depend on the type of tea. Generally speaking, tea contains caffeine , catechol , theramolin and theaflavin.Research has focused more on green tea and cancer, because green tea is rich in epigallocates, catechin gallate (EGCG).
