When it comes to AIDS, everyone is familiar with it, and they may even feel fear and disgust.
fear is because this virus will quietly attack the immune system in the body, causing the body's resistance to decrease and cannot resist the attacks of external bacteria and viruses.
dislikes because of its immoral or illegal transmission methods, such as dating multiple partners at the same time, or sharing needles, etc. Out of disgust of such behavior, I hate the house and the silence, and I am very tired of the HIV virus.
However, HIV virus originated from primates first, but why did it spread to humans?
The first reported HIV infection case was Manchester
During the process of looking up the literature, Zhishujun found that the earliest study of HIV and AIDS was published in 1959 by the authoritative journal Lancet. The earliest infected person to be recorded was a sailor from Manchester. He is an adult Bantu male living in Leopoldville, Congo. Scientists recorded his plasma samples and named it L70.
Follow-up, other researchers also extracted plasma samples from HIV-infected people in Norway from 1971 to 1976 and analyzed the sailor. It was found that the HIV virus carried by these people living in Norway and infected with AIDS was a subtype of the HIV virus carried by the sailor, and the HIV virus carried by the sailor is indeed the oldest known HIV virus. The passage of
may be very confusing, and some friends may be dizzy to see it. Let me briefly explain: Because HIV virus is an RNA virus, it is very easy to mutate, and the viruses carried by infected people in Norway are mutated by viruses carried by sailors. Therefore, scientists have also speculated that the HIV subtype that most of occurs in Europe may have initially evolved from a virus that has been to or from an infected person who has been to Africa or from Africa before 1959. Why does the
HIV virus spread to humans?
Although the HIV virus was discovered and recorded as early as 1959, the AIDS it caused was only considered a new disease in 1981. Because many young gay men died of unusual infections and rare malignant tumors at that time, medical staff discovered HIV-1 when analyzing plasma samples from some patients. At that time, people still didn't know why such a terrible virus suddenly appeared.
Until 1986, scientists discovered a morphologically similar but antigenically different virus in the body of an AIDS patient in West Africa, called HIV-2. Strangely, HIV-2 is only distant relative to HIV-1, but is closely related to the ape virus that causes the immunodeficiency of macaques in captivity. Shortly thereafter, ape immunodeficiency viruses were found in various primates in sub-Saharan , collectively known as siv, including African green monkeys, black-browed monkeys, hand-drilled diamonds, chimpanzees and other animals.
Scientists have also speculated that the HIV virus originated from South Africa's primates, but why does the SIV virus spread across populations to humans? After reading many documents, Jun Zhishujun found that the origin of HIV has always been controversial, and there are two main theories circulating. The following is a description of them one by one.
1. Hunter preys
If a hunter hunts and eats a chimpanzee infected with SIV and eats it, then during the slaughter or consumption, the blood containing SIV virus that the chimpanzee leaks into the body through the broken wound on the hunter's skin, gradually turning into an HIV virus. There is also a lot of evidence to support this claim. In an analysis of plasma samples of Cameroon 1,099 AIDS patients, scientists found that 10 samples were infected with monkey foam virus, a SIV virus that was previously thought to be infected only in primates.
2. Laboratory infection
As early as 1971, SVCP reported that viruses that can be transformed through genetic engineering technology, such as
mouse leukemia virus can grow in human somatic cells; hybrid mouse sarcoma virus and feline leukemia virus "hybridoma virus" can grow in cat cells, etc.Therefore, some people have linked AIDS to SVCP to infer whether AIDS is related to “interspecies” experiments with viruses in the 1970s.
In addition to the above two statements, there are also many people among the people who say that the emergence of HIV may be related to intimate transmission. Some people may have some indescribable behaviors with animals out of curiosity or themselves fanatical believers of some religions that advocate primates, and thus become infected with SIV. Of course, this kind of statement remains to be verified.
Overview
HIV virus may have experienced many incredible things in the process of going from monkey to human, but now that things have come, humans have coexisted with it for at least 63 years. During these years, many scientific researchers have been working hard to find ways to cure it, and we are also looking forward to the arrival of this day.
traces, no reprints without authorization
references
[1] Sharp P M, Hahn B H. Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic[J]. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2011, 1(1): a006841.
[2] Zhu T, Korber B T, Nahmias A J, et al. An African HIV-1 sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic[J]. Nature, 1998, 391(6667): 594-597.
[3]Wang Zeng, Qiu Maofeng, Jiang Yan. Trace the origin of HIV [J]. Chinese Tropical Medicine, 2010, 10(07):903-905.DOI:10.13604/j.cnki.46-1064/r.2010.07.024.
