When you reach a certain age, your cardiovascular health is on the decline. A review published in 2021 in the Journal of the American Academy of Cardiology pointed out that from young people to middle-aged and elderly people, cardiovascular diseases will cross different health statuses, which can be divided into 3 age groups:
25-45 years old: Most people are at low risk, and lifestyle determines future risks, quality of life and medical needs;
45-65 years old: subclinical diseases begin to appear, and cardiovascular risks are generally moderate;
65 years old: cardiovascular events begin to occur, 60%-80% of people have subclinical cardiovascular diseases, and 15% have clinical events①.
responds to the changes in cardiovascular health status. All ages have their own focuses. These small details should be known!
25-45 years old:
Develop a good lifestyle
1. Develop the habit of regular exercise
0 It is recommended to have at least 150 minutes of aerobic exercise per week, such as running, brisk walking, cycling, swimming, etc.; in addition, you can take two days a week to do resistance exercises, such as curls, push-ups, squats, using elastic band or dumbbells, etc.
In a study on "Research Progress in the Intervention Effect of Exercise on Atherosclerosis", it was pointed out that aerobic exercise interventions of 4-12 weeks and above can improve blood lipids and blood pressure , of which the intervention effect was the best in 12 weeks, while the intervention index at 24 weeks was more significant②.
2. Avoiding the "three highs" in diet
Long-term high-oil, high-salt and high-sugar diet is the "killer" of cardiovascular health. It is recommended to refer to the " Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents " for dietary purposes, and try the "Oriental Diet Model". It is briefly summarized as ③:
(1) Increase coarse grains and reduce refined rice noodles;
(2) Recommend vegetable oils and low-temperature cooking;
(3) Recommend soy products;
(4) The more vegetables, the better, and ensure the right amount of fruit;
(5) Recommend appropriate amount of nuts and milk;
(6) It is highly recommended to steam, boil and shabu cooking methods.
3. Ensure 6-8 hours of sleep
"Guidelines for preventing cardiovascular metabolic diseases in China" pointed out that a meta-analysis of results showed that the sleep time was less than 6 hours, and the risk of stroke in coronary heart disease and increased by 48% and 15% respectively. It is recommended that adults ensure 6-8 hours of sleep, and it is best to fall asleep before 23 o'clock every night, so it is better to feel comfortable in the morning.
4. Don’t smoke and try not to drink alcohol.
Smoking and drinking for a long time will accelerate endothelial damage to the vascular system and promote the occurrence of arteriosclerosis. The earlier you quit smoking, the better.
45-65 years old:
attaches importance to physical examinations and actively treats
As we grow older, monitoring of physical health is very necessary. If "clues" of the disease can be found in the early stage, it will provide more opportunities for later treatment.
1. After the age of 40, pay attention to cardiovascular-related physical examinations
Generally speaking, in the age of forties and fifties, the heart and blood vessels will have obvious aging, especially for people with a family history of cardiovascular disease, regular examinations are necessary. For example, measure blood pressure, draw blood tests to understand blood lipids and blood sugar, and do electrocardiograms, coronary CT, etc. ⑤
2. Follow the doctor's advice to treat. The price reduction of 2 original drugs can help manage
If a disease is found, you should actively follow the doctor's advice to treat. Generally, most hypertension , coronary heart disease, etc. require long-term medication. Patients with coronary heart disease adhere to drug treatment, which helps to control the symptoms of ischemia and reduce the occurrence of myocardial infarction and death, including antiplatelet drugs, beta blockers, statins, , and ACEI/ARB antihypertensive drugs.
As a classic common drug in the field of cardiovascular diseases, Sanofi original clopidogrel (Polivier) is used for the treatment of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke , peripheral arterial disease and acute coronary syndrome (ACS); the original irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide (Ambono) is used for the treatment of primary hypertension .
Sanofi's original clopidogrel (Polivi) and original irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide (Ambono) have been included in the selected list of Beijing's centralized volume procurement of drugs. Both drugs have been reduced by about 70%, and can be reimbursed by medical insurance, bringing better quality, safe and efficient original drugs to Beijing cardiovascular patients. At present, these two drugs have also entered the list of selected centralized volume-based procurement in Shaanxi and Chongqing.
Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, , Professor Huo Yong, pointed out, "Centralized procurement of drugs brings practical benefits to the people, allowing patients to afford and buy high-quality drugs. The original clopidogrel and the original irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide were selected, providing effective guarantees for the majority of patients with cardiovascular diseases. While strengthening patients' medication compliance, it improves the accessibility and safety of drugs, which will effectively promote disease management."
65 years old:
more attention should be paid to avoid accidents
65 years old. After the age of
65, many people will find different degrees of atherosclerosis or plaques in physical examinations. Some people have been diagnosed with coronary heart disease or hypertension, and have been treating according to the doctor's advice.
In addition to regular physical examinations, following doctor's advice for treatment and maintaining good living habits, there is one thing that is to prevent accidents.
1. Pay attention to climate change, keep warm in winter
It is winter, and the coldest weather from the end of October to February of the following year is also a dangerous moment for blood vessels ⑨. The temperature difference between indoor and outdoors can easily lead to sharp contraction or expansion of blood vessels, and it is easy to cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents.
Therefore, be careful to keep warm when going out, especially on the head and neck, and you can wear a scarf and a hat.
2. Pay attention to discomfort, seek medical attention in time when symptoms occur
Common symptoms of heart disease attacks include pain or discomfort in the middle of the chest; pain or discomfort in the arms, left shoulder, elbow, jaw or back.
In addition, there may be cyanosis, dyspnea or shortness of breath, palpitations , weakness, edema ; upper abdominal discomfort or swelling, nausea or vomiting; headache, dizziness or fainting; cold sweating, pale complexion; cough, hoarseness, etc. Women are more likely to have shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and back or jaw pain.
You should keep in mind two "120" when you have a myocardial infarction, call 120 emergency number in time, and grasp the golden treatment for 120 minutes. If the patient does not receive timely and effective treatment, the myocardium will experience irreversible necrosis⑪.
Reference:
①Donald M Lloyd-Jones, et al., (2021). The Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults (CARDIA) Study: JACC Focus Seminar 8/8. J Am Coll Cardiol, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.05.022
②Yang Ruiqi, Zhu Huan, Wan Li, et al. Research on the intervention effect of exercise on atherosclerosis. Martial Arts Research. 2022.
③Chinese Nutrition Society. "Diet Guide for Chinese Residents 2022"
④Chinese Preventive Medicine Society, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular metabolic diseases in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Circulation, 2020(003):035.
⑤2019-08-23 Health Times "Cardous examination should start at the age of 40"
⑥ Hypertension Alliance (China), et al. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hypertension (2018 revised edition)[J]. Chinese Journal of Cardiovascular, 2019, 24(1):33.
⑦Zhu Junren, Gao Runlin, Zhao Shuai, et al. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of adult dyslipidemia in China (2016 revised edition)[J]. Chinese Journal of Circulation, 2016.
⑧ Diabetes Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in China (2017 Edition)[J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Internal Medicine.
⑨2019-11-01 Health Times "Cardiovascular Society "Cat Winter""
⑩ General Medicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Association Chronic Disease Management Professional Group. Expert consensus on the grassroots management path of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in China (draft recommendation) [J]. Chinese General Medicine, 2017, 20(3):251-260.
⑪2018-11-27 Health Times "Mysfunction Signs Mostly Appeared One Week Before the Onset"
Source: Health Times
