17.5 million people die from heart disease every year worldwide, accounting for 30% of all deaths. In my country, the mortality rate of myocardial infarction ranks first among cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases , and a myocardial infarction incident occurs every 20 seconds. Although the "protagonist" of cardiovascular disease is still the elderly over 60 years old, myocardial infarction never minds you being young. At the same time, population research data show that the death toll of cardiovascular disease patients in my country in winter is 41% higher than that in summer. researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine found that every 1 degree Celsius drop in temperatures, the risk of myocardial infarction increased by 2%. Now is the "devil season" for myocardial infarction, and the heart should also pay attention to "preventing cold and keeping warm".
1. Why is myocardial infarction more likely to occur in winter?
1, Vascular contraction
When the temperature drops, cold stimulation will cause the human sympathetic nerve to be in an excited state, the catecholamines in the body will be oversecreted, the human peripheral blood vessels will be in a contraction state, the heart rate and blood pressure will increase sharply, causing the heart to increase the load, and the myocardial oxygen consumption will increase rapidly, which can easily cause myocardial hypoxia and ischemia.
2, Vascular spasm
The temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large, especially when suddenly from the heating room to outdoors, the blood vessels are stimulated by cold air, which will cause coronary artery spasm , which supplies the heart blood, and suddenly contract, resulting in acute myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, and in severe cases, angina pectoris, and even myocardial infarction.
3, platelet aggregation
Research shows that below 10℃, platelet aggregation increases significantly, and platelet aggregation is the "fuse" for thrombosis. In addition, the low-temperature blood flow rate is slow and the blood viscosity increases, which will form thrombus in the blood vessels, leading to the occurrence of myocardial infarction.
4, lifestyle changes
The weather is cold, people have fewer outdoor exercises, and they also prefer high-fat foods. Eating more and consuming less leads to imbalance in energy intake and metabolism ratios, increasing blood viscosity, slowing down blood circulation, easily forming thrombosis, leading to myocardial infarction. At the same time, many people will experience emotional changes, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, etc., and mood swings will accelerate the heart's symptoms of ischemia and hypoxia.
2. Please do the following points to prevent myocardial infarction:
1. Pay attention to keeping warm and warm
In winter, you should pay attention to weather changes at any time and add clothes in time. Avoid walking in the wind when going out, pay attention to keeping warm on the head, neck and face, it is best to wear a hat, scarf and mask, and slowly take off your clothes after returning indoors. The room temperature should not be lower than 18℃ in winter, preferably around 20℃, and should not be too low or too high. The temperature of the bath water should be close to the body temperature, and do not be too cold or too hot. When ventilation is needed in the room, you can choose to open the windows for ventilation when the outdoor temperature is slightly higher at noon, or you can choose to open the windows for ventilation when going out.
2. Exercise according to your ability and perform
Regular exercise helps promote blood circulation, control weight, improve resistance and improve cardiopulmonary endurance. But Winter exercise should avoid the coldest moments of the day, choose to exercise indoors, or choose to go out when the sun is shining after an afternoon nap. Remember to avoid strenuous exercise and warm up before exercising. It is recommended to exercise 5 times a week, each time for about 30 minutes of aerobic exercise. Quick walking and jogging are good choices.
3. Maintain good living habits
It is not advisable to eat too high-calorie, high-fat, and high-salt foods in winter, try to achieve a balanced diet, and eat more foods rich in dietary fiber and vitamins, such as vegetables, fruits, coarse grains, etc. Do not drink cold water or eat raw and cold foods. You can drink a glass of warm water after getting up every day. It is recommended to quit smoking and drinking, and stay away from second-hand smoke, maintain a good attitude and sleep, and stand naturally when you are nervous, close your eyes and take deep breaths to help you relax your body and mind.
4, take medication on time and regularly
Most patients with coronary heart disease have hypertension , hyperglycemia , hyperlipidemia, etc. Therefore, it is very important to control risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. It must be adjusted and intervened under the guidance of professional doctors.Antiplatelet drugs (such as aspirin), statins lipid-regulating drugs (atorvastatin, rosutorvastatin), beta blockers (metoprolol, bisoprolol), ACEI/ARB preparations, etc. must be taken under the guidance of a doctor. Do not stop the drug by yourself or change the drug at will.
3. How to first aid for a myocardial infarction?
1. Rest on the spot, maintain a comfortable position, pay attention to keeping warm, lie on your side as much as possible, and keep your respiratory tract unobstructed. If there are oxygen inhalation equipment at home, you can inhale oxygen to patients.
2. Call 120 emergency number immediately and select the nearest chest pain center for treatment.
3. If you are a backup heart disease emergency medicine at home, nitroglycerin or quick-acting heart-saving pills, you can take it at this time and it can be repeated after 5 minutes. But remember to monitor your blood pressure. Do not take nitroglycerin when your blood pressure is low.
4. Stay calm, reduce emotional excitement and aggravate the condition.
5. If the patient experiences cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed on site.
6. After the emergency doctor arrives, please actively cooperate with the instructions and trust a professional emergency doctor team.
7. "Time is the myocardium, time is life." If you are diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, should undergo rapid surgical treatment. Currently, stent implantation is the most effective treatment for acute myocardial infarction. Don't be misled by the so-called opinions of non-cardiovascular specialists.
Finally, it is important to emphasize that the above knowledge on prevention and treatment of acute myocardial infarction is very important to all of us. After all, tomorrow or accident, we never know which one will come first.
