There are 6.7 million adults who die from diabetes or their complications worldwide, which means that one person dies from it in an average of 5 seconds.
It is actually not scary to have diabetes. The most terrible thing is its complications, because diabetes complications will seriously endanger the life and health of diabetics. Once complications occur, the quality of life of diabetics will be greatly reduced.
But the good thing is that complications can be prevented, as long as you "understand it" enough!
1. Understand blood sugar
diabetic friends' blood sugar is like the "foundation" of a tree, and only this "foundation" can be laid firmly. Only by avoiding the occurrence of complications and thus protecting our health!
In the "Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes (2017 Edition)", it is recommended that the comprehensive control target of blood sugar is 4.4~7.0 mmol/liter on the fasting, 10.0 mmol/liter on the 2 hours after meals, and glycosylated hemoglobin 7.0%.
and based on this, adjust the blood sugar control targets according to the specific situation of the diabetics, young people with short course of disease, no complications, no complications, no life expectancy, longer life expectancy, in the absence of other adverse reactions such as hypoglycemia, the blood sugar control targets should be stricter: on an empty stomach 4.4~6.0 mmol/liter, 2 hours after meals, and glycated hemoglobin ∠6.5%.
For diabetics who have a long course of disease, have significant microvascular or macrovascular complications, have serious comorbidities, have a history of severe hypoglycemia, have difficulty in achieving blood sugar standards in various ways, and have short life expectancy, the blood sugar control target can be slightly relaxed: is 8.0~10.0 mmol/liter on an empty stomach, 8.0~12.0 mmol/liter on a 2-hour meal, and 8.0% hemoglobin.
2. Understand fruit
diabetics should grasp the types, time and quantity of fruits suitable for eating, and their blood sugar will still be stable. You can also choose fruits according to different conditions, such as:
1, strawberry
strawberry has 30 kcal per 100 grams of calories, which is a medium-low sugar content fruit, no more than 100 grams per day.
research results published in the " British Journal of Nutrition " show that eating strawberries and other fruits can help improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of obese people suffering from 2 diabetes .
2, pineapple
0 pineapple should be eaten 50 grams per day, which is rich in dietary fiber, which can not only promote defecation, but also increase fullness, which is beneficial to obese diabetics to lose weight.
3, Guava
Guava half a day. The flavonoid glycosides contained in it can promote the binding of specific receptors on the membrane of insulin and target cells , and can adjust sugar and lipid metabolism. Candidants can eat it frequently.
4, cherry
cherries should be controlled at 5 to 10 cherries every day, with high iron content and are at the top of various fruits, so they have anti-anemia effects.
3. Know the examination
1. Fundus examination
Diabetes eye complications are mainly related to the course of the disease and blood sugar status. Common ones include retinopathy, cataract , fundus bleeding , etc., which may lead to decreased vision and even blindness.
Recommended inspection time: check once every 6 months.
2, Diabetic nephropathy
About 30%-40% of type 1 diabetics, and about 20% of type 2 diabetics, will develop diabetes nephropathy. The gold standard for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is: urinary microalbumin ≥20 micrograms/min or 30 mg/24 hours before diagnosis.
Recommended examination time: Check urine microalbumin every 6 months.
3, cardiac lesions
Diabetic heart disease includes Corruption heart disease , diabetes cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Electrocardiogram, heart ultrasound, and cardiac autonomic neurophysiological tests are required.
Recommended inspection time: check once every 3-6 months.
4, neuropathy
60%-70% of diabetics will experience symptoms of nerve damage to varying degrees, such as loss of limbs, numbness, tingling pain; abdominal distension, diarrhea, constipation, urinary retention ; impotence, decreased sexual function; hearing loss, dysphagia , etc.
Diagnostic neuropathy is based on neuroelectrophysiological examination, namely, determination of nerve conduction velocity and electromyography .
Recommended inspection time: check once every 6 to 12 months.
5, peripheral vascular lesions
Systemic large blood vessels can be affected, the lower limbs are the most common, which can manifest as cold skin on the feet, foot pain, intermittent claudication , and the skin is easily infected, and the ulcer does not heal for a long time. In severe cases, gangrene causes amputation (toes).
color ultrasound Doppler exploration helps to detect peripheral vascular lesions in the early stage.
Recommended inspection time: check once every 6 to 12 months.
6, oral examination
0 oral diseases among diabetics, periodontal disease is the most common, with a prevalence rate of about 30%. Chronic gingivitis recurs and alveolar bones atrophy, which can easily cause teeth to loosen or fall off over time.
Recommended inspection time: check once every 6 to 12 months.
7, urine routine
includes urine sugar , urine ketone bodies, urine protein , urine white blood cell and other indicators. These indicators can indirectly reflect blood sugar levels and clarify whether there are ketoacidosis and other conditions. In addition, diabetic nephropathy can be detected earlier.
Recommended inspection time: check once every 3-6 months.
8, blood pressure
combined with hypertension diabetes mellitus measure blood pressure once a day. If conditions permit, it is best to measure it multiple times a day; diabetics with normal blood pressure should measure blood pressure once a week.
9, blood lipids
Diabetes often have lipid metabolism disorders at the same time. After blood lipids check , it was found that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced, while patients with increased cholesterol , triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol should take some lipid-regulating drugs under the guidance of a doctor.
Recommended inspection time: check once every 3-6 months.
