"China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 2021" shows that the incidence and mortality rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are still at the top. It is estimated that the number of patients with cardiovascular disease is 330 million, including stroke 13 million, coronary heart disease 11.39 million, heart failure 8.9 million, pulmonary heart disease 5 million, atrial fibrillation 4.87 million, rheumatoid heart disease 2.5 million, congenital heart disease 2 million, lower limb artery disease 45.3 million, and hypertension .245 billion. The situation of cardiovascular disease prevention and control is still severe, and the turning point has not yet arrived.
What are the risk factors for cardiovascular disease? How to effectively prevent it? This issue invites the Chief Physician of the Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Jiangjin Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, to share with you the "heart protection" strategy.
Expert Profile》》》》
Fu Shiquan, chief physician, director of the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of Jiangjin Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, and the discipline leader. He is currently a member of the Hypertension Committee of the China Health Management Association, a member of the Standing Committee of the Cardiovascular Branch of the Chongqing Medical Association, and a member of the Standing Committee of the Chongqing Cardiac Rehabilitation and Heart Failure Branch. He is an expert in the certification and evaluation of the National Hypertension Standard Center and the chief expert in the health science popularization of the Chongqing Science Communication Expert Group. Engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of common, frequently occurring, difficult and critical patients in cardiovascular diseases, and is especially good at cardiac interventional treatment. In the past 40 years of medical treatment, more than 6,000 cases of cardiac intervention have been carried out, and more than 2,700 cases of acute myocardial infarction in have been treated in emergency treatment. He has published more than 20 papers, won 3 national utility model patents, served as editorial board member and reviewer of many medical journals, and participated in the editing of 3 works.
Reporter: What is cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease ?
Fu Shiquan : Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are a general term for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, generally referring to ischemic or hemorrhagic diseases in the heart, brain and systemic tissues caused by risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes , hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Heart diseases include the most common coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy , hypertension, heart disease, etc.; cerebrovascular diseases include cerebral infarction , cerebral hemorrhage , etc.
Reporter: What are the risk factors that cause cardiovascular disease?
Fu Shiquan: The occurrence of cardiovascular disease is the result of the long-term joint action of multiple adverse factors. Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcoholism, lack of exercise, adverse mood, obesity and genetic factors. About 3 million people die of coronary heart disease in China every year. Actively preventing and treating the above-mentioned risk factors is the fundamental reason for reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.
Reporter: What are the early manifestations of cardiovascular disease?
Fu Shiquan: The early symptoms of heart disease are chest tightness , chest pain , palpitations , general fatigue, dizziness, and some may even experience fainting, difficulty breathing, angina pectoris, which worsen after activity. If the chest pain lasts more than 30 minutes and is accompanied by sweating, you should be wary of the possibility of myocardial infarction; cerebral infarction is manifested as sudden limb paralysis, accompanied or not with consciousness disorders; cerebral hemorrhage is manifested as sudden headache, often with consciousness disorders.
Reporter: How to deal with cardiac arrest ?
Fu Shiquan: First of all, we need to determine whether the cardiac arrest is caused, such as loss of consciousness, disappearance of the pulsation of the major artery, and stop breathing. If you have sudden cardiac arrest, you should call the emergency number immediately, and you need to undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation while waiting for rescue.
① Call the emergency number: If the patient has sudden cardiac arrest, the patient needs to lie flat and call the emergency number to seek medical treatment in time.
②Cytopulmonary resuscitation: If the patient is diagnosed with sudden cardiac arrest, he or she needs to do CPR immediately while waiting for rescue. This can achieve the purpose of saving lives in a timely manner. When performing CPR, strictly follow the operating standards.
③ Immediately perform external chest heart press , while keeping the patient's airway unobstructed, and perform artificial respiration .
First aid treatment such as external chest cardiac compression and artificial respiration can restore and maintain the patient's cardiac beat. After successful resuscitation, the patient must be closely monitored to enable the patient to breathe independently as soon as possible. It is also necessary to take corresponding effective measures for various abnormal symptoms that appear one after another to avoid cardiac arrest and recurrence and threaten the patient's life.
Reporter: How can exercise to exercise the heart?
Fu Shiquan: Exercise can also exercise the heart. If you lack exercise before, you cannot perform high-intensity exercise. You can choose slow exercise, such as swimming, jogging, mountain climbing, cycling, etc. Exercising for more than 30 minutes at least twice a week can exercise well and exercise your heart. Swimming is a relaxed and pleasant way of body exercise, which can exercise nerves, breathing, digestion, muscles and blood circulation. Exercising 2-3 times a week can play a better role in the heart.
Reporter: How to prevent cardiovascular disease?
Fu Shiquan: can start from several aspects:
1. Control risk factors. For example, control hypertension, blood sugar, and regulate blood lipids and levels, because hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipids are the main risk factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is necessary to control blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids within the normal range through effective treatment.
2. Quit smoking and limit alcohol. Tobacco and alcohol will have adverse effects on cardiovascular diseases. Smoking a lot of cigarettes and drinking a lot of alcohol will increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and need to be strictly controlled and strictly quit smoking and limit alcohol.
3. Improve lifestyle. If you often do not exercise or be obese, stay up late, sleep poorly, or have too much mental stress, it will increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the improvement and regulation of lifestyle and the regulation and improvement of one's own emotional state are very important for preventing cardiovascular diseases. It is recommended to have a regular physical examination every year. If you feel uncomfortable, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible and ask a specialist to help with the diagnosis and treatment.
(Text/Hu Qian Fu Shiquan; Photo/Jiangjin Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University)
